Willingness Of Visitors Research Articles

The nexus between visitor satisfaction and expenditure behaviour in national parks: The case of Dragon Palace National Park, Guizhou, China

Several studies have explored the relationship between visitor expenditure, experience, satisfaction, intention to recommend, and revisit intention in national parks, but there is a gap in exploring the direct relationship between satisfaction and expenditure of national park visitors. This research identifies relationships between expenditure and behaviour patterns in Dragon Palace National Park, a 5A visitor attraction in Guizhou province, China. A structured survey questionnaire was utilised to collect 412 responses from national park visitors, employing convenience sampling techniques from August to December 2022. A partial least squares-structure equation model 4.0 was used to analyse the data. Findings support the positive relationship between experience, satisfaction, intention to recommend, and revisit intention in the national park. Also, results confirm that rational and emotional dimensions effectively measure the experience level. Further, this research confirms that experience is not a predictor of expenditure and that satisfaction has a negative relationship with expenditure by providing a measurement model to examine the experience in the national park. It frames a new theoretical lens on the relationship between expenditure and satisfaction and contributes significance to national park operations, providing a reference for future research. Management implicationsThe negative relationship between satisfaction and expenditure is interesting. The continuance of fostering national park visitor satisfaction for tourists cannot make sense to improve expenditure. The Dragon Palace National Park should pay more attention to overnight visitors' satisfaction and expenditure since they spend more but are less satisfied. It is vital to enhance the consuming willingness of visitors, improving the expenditure of satisfied visitors. Customising the experience, improving the cost performance of various goods and services, and enriching the experience content may work. The dimensions of the experience have been tested as effective, and the measurement model can be applied in other national parks.

DOES THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE PRAMBANAN TEMPLE REFLECT ITS HERITAGE VALUE?

<p>This study aims to estimate the economic value of the Prambanan Temple tourist attraction using the Travel Cost Method (TCM). The visitor willingness to pay for entrance tickets is used to reflect the economic value of the Prambanan Temple's cultural heritage, assessed with the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) approach. The analysis utilizes Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The study included 186 respondents. Total visitor willingness to pay for the Prambanan Temple is Rp 10,747,976 ($688.57), with an average visitor willingness to pay of Rp 57,753 ($3.70) per visit. The current entrance ticket price is Rp 50,000 ($3.22). This suggests that the value of the Prambanan Temple's cultural heritage to visitors is higher than the current ticket price. The consumer surplus generated by the 186 respondents is Rp 1,399,358 ($89.65), with a consumer surplus per individual of Rp 7,492 ($0.48). </p>

Traffic transfer between social media and E-commerce platform: the role of social media affordances

Traffic transfer between social media and E-commerce platform: the role of social media affordances

Analysis of Tourists’ Willingness to Pay for the Provision of Tourism Facilities: Case Study in Sunrise Land Beach, Lombok Indonesia

The development of Sunrise Land Beach in Lombok holds significant potential for bolstering tourism, making its advancement imperative and reliant on community support. To assess the allure of Sunrise Land Beach and gauge visitor interest, a comprehensive study was undertaken, aimed at analyzing the willingness of visitors to pay for its attractions. Employing quantitative research methodologies, including multiple linear regression analysis, this study delved into the factors influencing visitors' inclinations. Through a combination of interviews and observational data collection, researchers endeavored to elucidate the research objectives. The findings of this investigation revealed that visitors to Sunrise Land Beach demonstrated a considerable willingness to pay, with an average valuation of Rp. 7,657 (equivalent to 0.49 USD) per visit for tourism facilities. Moreover, the study identified Education and Environmental Awareness as variables that positively and significantly influenced visitors' willingness to pay for the provision of tourism amenities at Sunrise Land Beach.

Potensi Supply dan Demand Wisata Edukasi Kelola Sampah Anorganik di Desa Cibanteng

The waste issue persists in Indonesia, primarily characterized by household-generated plastic waste dominating the waste composition. Educational tourism plays a pivotal role in encouraging and educating the public on environmental conservation. Cibanteng Village in Bogor Regency exhibits potential for the development of educational tourism, fostering sustainable green practices within the village. This research aims to identify the components of tourism green classes, analyze their social, economic, and environmental impacts, and assess the potential implementation of green class tourism. The methodology incorporates descriptive analysis, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), Likert scale, and a literature review. The study reveals an alignment between supply and demand for implementing edutourism green classes, showcasing visitor Willingness to Pay (WTP) lower than the Willingness to Accept (WTA) of the manager. Prospective trial tourists exhibit a higher WTP compared to prospective non-trial tourists. The economic, social, and environmental impacts of edutourism green classes indicate positive outcomes, including income generation from tourism, waste reduction, and potential sustainability impacts on green activities. In essence, the edutourism green class shows significant potential for implementation in Cibanteng Village.

Aspects of Business Law, MSME Development and Travel Cost on Nature Tourism in Sidomulyo Village

This study examines the benefits visitors perceive from tourism objects in Sidomulyo Village, Pronojiwo District, and Lumajang Regency from a business and legal perspective, MSME development by the community surrounding the tourism location, and the willingness of visitors to pay to preserve and develop tourism potential, which is closely related to tourism travel costs. This study used a descriptive quantitative research method. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data in this analysis. Multiple linear regression and legal approach analysis is one of the analytical techniques. The legal approach method is used to study tourism policies. This research concluded that the potential of natural tourist places in Sidomulyo Village, Pronojiwo District, and Lumajang Regency still have excellent development opportunities. It can be proven that travel costs, mileage, and income affect the level of visits to tourist places. In comparison, the level of education does not affect the number of visits. The value of the benefits obtained by visitors to Sidomulyo Village tourism attractions remains greater than visitors' willingness to pay. Through building up quality MSMEs and Pokdarwis (Tourism Awareness Group) institutions, the local community must continue learning more about developing village tourism.

Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method

Abstract. Musa F, Shahrudin INM. 2023. Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method. Biodiversitas 24: 3690-3699. The Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park is within the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Malaysia's oldest and most biodiverse hill dipterocarp forest. The destruction of urban greenery in the heart of Kuala Lumpur has prompted stakeholders to conserve this forest as urban ecotourism areas for recreational, educational, and research activities. Due to the absence of a market, the economic value of biodiversity cannot be quantified in monetary terms from an economic perspective. Therefore, it will be difficult for stakeholders to justify the cost of conservation in their management in the future. This study's objective was to determine the economic value of biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park by determining a visitor's Willingness to Pay (WTP) using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed randomly to both international and domestic tourists to conduct this study. Five bid prices were chosen for domestic and international visitors based on the Logit Model's estimation of the visitor's WTP for biodiversity conservation. This study indicates that most visitors are willing to pay for biodiversity conservation influenced by religion, marital status, income, employment, and education. Furthermore, the results indicate that the WTP's mean and median per visit are MYR3.81 and MYR2.58 based on domestic visitor data. Consequently, this research may aid decision-makers in managing the financial strategy for biodiversity conservation activities. Thus, the conservation fee that visitors can accept based on their willingness to pay will further boost visitors' future visits to the Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park.

Valuing visitor’s willingness to pay for green tourism conservation: A case study of Bukit Larut Forest Recreation Area, Perak, Malaysia

Bukit Larut, previously known as ‘Maxwell Hill’, is declared a Forest Recreation Area as part of green infrastructure that enhances the quality of life of people and boosts green tourism. However, due to the lack of a market, it is difficult to quantify the economic value of green tourism in monetary terms for these resources. Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), this study aims to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for green tourism conservation in the Forest Recreation Area of Bukit Larut, Perak. In this study, a total of 250 respondents were collected via a questionnaire distributed at random. This study assigned five different bid prices, MYR5, MYR10, MYR15, MYR20, and MYR25. The Logit Model estimates the visitor’s WTP for green tourism conservation. This study indicates that most visitors are willing to pay a certain amount for green tourism conservation, driven by race, religion, age, marital status, education level, and income. Regression analysis showed that the estimated mean visitor willingness to pay is MYR 4.69, whereas the median WTP is MYR 3.68. Therefore, it was determined that Bukit Larut’s conservation initiatives were viable for future green tourism. The financial resources would assist the management in allocating funds for conservation and maintenance.

Visitor Willingness to Pay using Travel Cost Method at Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kuala Krai, Kelantan

Forest Park Recreation is a place that offers a vast experience and scenic views to visitors. However, there isn't a proper market transaction for ecosystem services, so it might not be reflected in market transactions. Therefore, it's critical to consider travel and time expenses when determining what individuals value in the absence of a market price. This study aims to estimate the visitor's willingness to pay for forest park recreation using the Travel Cost Method (TCM) at Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kuala Krai, Kelantan. A convenience sampling technique is employed in this study. The data was collected from 379 respondents using face-to-face interviews with the visitors who entered the park. The TCM result revealed that the recreational value at TNGS is RM 1,286,531.80 per year, with a mean of the willingness to pay value is RM4.34 per visitor. The regression analysis results indicated that gender, age, income, total travel cost and time access to the site are the variable effects on the willingness to pay and visit people to the forest park. The findings of this study could be an effective instrument for raising the standard of environmental services and enhancing the infrastructure and services in the studied area.

Determinants of willingness to pay for urban parks: An empirical analysis in Greece

This paper aims to assess the factors influencing the economic value of the visitor experience in two urban parks in Attica, Greece. Contingent Valuation is applied to estimate the willingness of visitors to pay an entry ticket under a hypothetical scenario. Our sample consisted of Niarchos Park visitors, which is located at Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC), and of Tritsis Park. The research was conducted between July 2018 and March 2019. Logit regression specifications were used and the results indicated that age, level of education, wage and employment affect people’s willingness to pay in order to visit the parks. The motivation to visit these parks in order to experience a natural environment, the expenses for the visit and the previous experience of paying an entry ticket for green spaces were also found to be significant determinants for the participants. Visitors are willing to pay on average 3.56 Euros in order to enter urban parks. The results of the study could be taken into account by policy makers regarding individuals' decisions depending on their profile and experiences.

- WILLINGNESS TO DONATE AND PREFERENCES OF ZOOS/SAFARI PARKS VISITORS TOWARD ENDANGERED MAMMALS CONSERVATION

A person may contribute to the conservation of species through donations. The willingness to donate (WTD) to conserve endangered species can depend on many factors. This research aims to determine the willingness of visitors to Indonesia's zoos and safari parks to make a donation for species conservation and identify the determinants of their WTD through preferences toward certain species. This research focused on 12 priority endangered mammals. The study began with a preliminary survey of 110 respondents in January 2020, followed by data collection in February 2020 involving 1011 adult visitors to zoos and safari parks in Java and Bali. Specifically, descriptive statistics in the form of percentages ere used to analyze the influence of preferences toward species conservation and amount of donation while considering individual characteristics such as gender, age, place of residence, occupation, and level of education. Our results confirmed that mammals, mega-herbivores and large carnivores are very popular among young adult visitors. Overall, the results demonstrated that visitors placed rhino, elephant and tiger as the three priority species to be conserved in terms of donation given. It is clear that these three charismatic species have a very high conservation value in the eyes of the people. Furthermore, the characteristics of species and the knowledge and psychological preferences of the visitors can contribute to the determination of the preference for the number of donations to certain wildlife species. 
 
 Key words: charismatic species, conservation institutions, demographic characteristics, Indonesia, primate

Valuing Visitor Willingness to Pay for Urban Green Space Conservation: Case of Maria Luisa Park in Seville, Spain

Abstract Urban Green Spaces (UGS) can be a source of ecosystem service provision that exerts a positive impact on the wellbeing of users. The present study assessed the willingness to pay (WTP) for...

The ANALYSIS OF WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) VISITORS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAFTING TOURISM IN SERAYU WATERSHED

Serayu Rafting Tourism utilizes the potential of Serayu Watershed located in Banjarnegara Regency. Serayu Rafting Tourism has the opportunity to increase its potential to become one of the leading tourism in Banjarnegara Regency. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic characteristics of tourists of Serayu Rafting attractions, estimate willingness to pay to determine the maximum potential price that is still willing to be paid in the development of Serayu Rafting attractions and analyze the factors that influence the willingness of visitors to pay the value chosen. This research uses CVM method and logistic regression analysis, with primary data obtained from survey to 105 respondents through multistage sampling technique and secondary data obtained from documents coming from relevant agencies, agencies or institutions. The results stated that the economic potential value of Rafting Serayu tourism object is quite good, because of 105 respondents as many as 95 respondents (90.5%) among them are willing to pay more for the development of tourism pbyek with a scenario 1 of Rp 10,000 and scenario 2 of Rp 25,000. Variable regional origin and income level affect willingness to pay, while variable gender, age, marital status and level of education do not affect willingness to pay.

Assessing the willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-experience determinants of intangible cultural heritage

The main objective of this study is to investigate the factors influence on visitors’ willingness to experience ICH and that of payment for ICH. More specifically, this study aims to (1) identify the determinants which impact on willingness to experience of and pay for ICH and (2) to compare the significance of determinants. Through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis, this study found that visitors’ cultural identity, interests in ICH, awareness of ICH management, and agree with transformation elements, significantly contribute to visitor willingness to experience ICH. Moreover, the perceived status of current ICH management significantly affects visitors’ willingness to pay for ICH experiences. The result of this study will be useful in understandings and facilitating visitors willingness to experience and payment for ICH.

POTENTIAL OF INCOME INCREASE OBTAINED FROM VISITORS’ PERCEPTION AND BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SERULINGMAS WILDLIFE RECREATION PARK BANJARNEGARA

The needs for a large amount of fund demand the conservation agency to be more creative and able to compromise the visitors` necessities as an effort to guarantee wildlife welfare by providing suitable environment and its infrastructure. The objective of this study is to obtain the data and information related to the potential of income increase gained from the visitors’ perception and behavior towards Serulingmas Wildlife Recreation Park (TRM) in order to optimize many resources owned through tourism service innovations offered to visitors. The data were collected by delivering questionnaires to 150 visitors. The data collected included characteristics, motivations, and perceptions of visitors toward animal collection which were categorized into four, i.e.knowledge about animal, visitor behavior towards animals, collection rating, and animals` condition. Moreover, the condition of facilities in Serulingmas TRM was also evaluated. Furthermore, the management will be able to find the recent condition of collection animals based on the current information obtained from visitors. Thus, the information could be used to improve the management and increase the attractiveness about the animals for visitors. The results showed that seeing animals was the most popular activity for visitors and tiger was the favorite animal selected by the visitors of Serulingmas TRM. Visitors had a perception that the existence of Serulingmas TRM could increase knowledge and positive behaviors towards animals supported by a good and attractive cage arrangement, healthy animal condition, good facilities and service condition. Moreover, the visitor's interest in seeing animals along with the willingness of visitors to pay the entrance fee by adding the animal attraction could increase the income estimation by 36.67% started from 2019 only if the management increased the entrance fee to Rp25,000.00 (based on visitors` Willingness to Pay value). The improvement of attraction that pays attention on the visitors` desire and needs by also considering animals` welfare can support a sustainable conservation agency. 
 Key words: ex situ conservation, Serulingmas Wildlife Recreation Park Banjarnegara visitors` perception, willingness to pay

Investment Analysis of Willingness to Pay as Development Effort of The Hot Spring Tourism “Cipanas” of Subang Village, Subang Sub-District, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province

The management of natural resources in terms of ecological, social and economic functions and maintaining the aesthetic value of an object and the environment by encouraging the quality of the environment and the sustainability of rural life can be a value of pride and identity of a village. “Cipanas” Hot Spring Tourism Object in Subang Village, Subang District, Kuningan Regency is managed by the local Village Business Entity (BUMDes). This tourism destination is one of the village development efforts for the common welfare (bonnum commune) both economically, socially and sustainably, it needs good governance and capital / investment support. This study aims to analyze the investment of visitors or service users of hot springs in the form of willingness to pay using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the costs to be incurred by visitors, and multiple regression methods are used to analyze these factors. what factors influence the visitor's willingness to pay. This type of research uses descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach. The results showed that: 1) female consumers, middle-aged, have a Bachelor's or Diploma's latest education, have an employee status, and high income have the highest willingness to pay in a price range that is more than the WTP value, 2) Consumers are willing to pay above the price offered because it has the belief that the hot spring tourism area provides many benefits, 3) The average WTP value is greater than the average market price. This shows that there is an excess price that consumers are willing to pay. 4) The factors that significantly influence the willingness to pay for Cipanas hot water tourism are gender and monthly income. In addition, 52% of respondents are willing to pay for the development of a tourist attraction for the hot spring "Cipanas" in Subang Village.

HUBUNG KAIT KESANGGUPAN UNTUK MEMBAYAR (WTP) DAN RUANG KELIARAN PELANCONG DI KUNDASANG -RANAU, SABAH

This article aims to examine the relationship between willingness to pay and tourists’ circuit in Kundasang-Ranau, Sabah. The research approach used was the evaluation and case study. This study involves the use of quantitative methods through a survey questionnaire of 150 respondents. The result shows that the majority of the tourists’ travel status to selected tourism locations in Kundasang-Ranau were decided personally by the tourists themselves which are 131 respondents (87.3%). The status of travel to tourist destinations set by tourism package was 11 respondents (7.3%) and travel set by the organization or institution was eight people (5.3%). A total of 105 respondents (70%) stated that the price of the entrance fees to tourist destinations influenced their decision to determine the tourist destination they visit. Next, the main criterion taken into account by tourists in choosing a tourist destination is the destination that they have never visited, which is 59 people (59.3%). The results of the study also found that tourists’ circuit is not only influenced by the willingness of visitors to pay to a certain destination but also influenced by the type of travel status chosen.

Valuasi Ekonomi Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Pancar Kabupaten Bogor

Mount Pancar Nature Park (TWAGP) was located in Karang Tengah Village, Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency. As a unity of sustainability, the TWAGP ecosystem must be able to provide benefits with various values. In the context of the valuation approach, of course, there are practical and normative dimensions for selecting ecosystem services. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the number of visits to TWAGP and calculate the economic valuation of TWAGP based on the travel cost method (TCM). The method used was TCM. This method was calculated based on total consumer surplus, the coefficient of travel expenses, and total visits respondents. The analysis showed that four factors influence visit frequency, to TWAGP including, cost of travel, level of education, length of knowledge and distance travelled. The consumer surplus of individuals per visit was Rp209.000, and the total economic value was Rp8.535.978.000. The recommendation is a response to the willingness of visitors to pay an additional entry fee than what enforced needs to followed by improving the quality of tourist attractions so that visitors are satisfied and increasingly want to return to visit.
 
 Keyword: Consumer surplus, Economic valuation, Mount pancar nature park, Sustainability, Travel cost method

WILLINGNESS TO PAY TOURIST FOR MANGROVE CONSERVATION EFFORTS ON PAHAWANG ISLAND, PESAWARAN REGENCY, LAMPUNG

Ecotourism on Pahawang Island is a well-known tourist destination in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province with has mangrove ecosystem covers an area of ​​141.94 ha. Unfortunately, in 2016, there was logging of the mangrove ecosystem on Pahawang Island which caused the mangrove ecosystem to suffer damage. This must be immediately responded to by conducting efforts to protect, conserve and manage the mangrove ecosystem by inviting the community to contribute. This research aimed to identify the characteristics and estimate the value of the visitor's willingness to pay for mangrove conservation efforts on Pahawang Island. This research was conducted in December 2019. The research data was collected using the multistage sampling method. The variables used in this study were willingness to pay, bid, income, education, age, gender, city of origin, marital status and tourism frequency. The results of this study are based on the characteristics of mangrove ecosystem tourists on Pahawang Island, namely, most visitors are willing to contribute to mangrove conservation efforts, come from outside Lampung Province, average age is between 20-29 years, average have a history of high school education, with income is less than Lampung minimum wages (Rp2,432,001.57), most of the respondents are not working and are not married. The result is showing estimated value of the willingness to pay of IDR5,000/individual per visit with an estimated cost of IDR 254,661,000/year.

WILLINGNESS TO PAY UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN FASILITAS AGROWISATA KECAMATAN BANDUNGAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG (Studi kasus di Setiya Aji Flower Farm)

Semarang Regency has a great agro-tourism potential. Volcanic soil suitable for planting and cool temperatures support it to be a place of recreation. The study was conducted at Setiya Aji Flower Farm (SAFF), a chrysanthemum agro-tourism in Jetis village, Bandungan District, which is managed by farmer groups and local communities. The management is still very simple by utilizing the pre-harvest chrysanthemum flowers for tourism. SAFF was able to bring in 107,966 tourists during 2017, with an entrance ticket currently at Rp 7,500 generates substantial additional income for the people of Jetis village. Unfortunately, the number of tourists decreased until 65% to an average of 3,127 tourists per month in 2018. One of the causes of the reduction in tourist visits was the unpreparedness of the SAFF to face of competition with new tourist objects with similar themes around SAFF that were very well managed and continued growing. The purpose of this study was to estimate the willingness of visitors to pay for additional facilities at SAFF Bandungan, Semarang Regency. This study used the Contingency Assessment Method (CVM) to 110 visitors. The results showed that the majority of visitors are willing to pay for additional facilities at SAFF agrotourism. Willingness to pay (WTP) is estimated at level Rp 13,000. These results provide insights to the manager of SAFF to raise the entrance ticket by adding facilities at SAFF.