Visitor Motivations Research Articles

Who visits the apartheid museum and why? An exploratory study of the motivations to visit a dark tourism site in South Africa

PurposeThis paper attempts to fill the gap that exists in research regarding visitor motivations at dark heritage sites. The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivations of visitors to the Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum (HPMM) as an iconic dark site in South Africa to identify what motivates visitation and which demographic variables may have an influence on these motivators.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the goal of this research, 205 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire using a random sampling technique at the HPMM. A statistical analysis through the use of factor analysis revealed seven motivational factors.FindingsNovelty and knowledge seeking, remembrance and curiosity were identified as the three main motives for visiting HPMM. Novelty and knowledge seeking was found to be the main motive that contradicted similar research done in other parts of the globe. Escape and relaxation, which is usually found to be one of the main motivators to heritage sites, was revealed to be one of the least motivators for this study. The results also identified significant relationships between demographic and motivator variables.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study revealed that people visit the HPMM primarily for novelty and knowledge seeking, remembrance and respect for victims and curiosity. From the results, it is clear that visitors are driven to visit the site for different motives and that these motives, although common amongst visitors, differ from person to person subject to demographic differences. This study provides an improved understanding of dark tourism demand, which is essential for the sustainable development and promotion of sites in South Africa and globally commemorating people’s struggle against injustice and for democracy.Social implicationsSouth Africa is a country with a cosmopolitan history; however, the history associated with apartheid has only recently become topic of tourism research. This study provides a basis to better understand the type of tourist visiting these sites of historical sites, thus leading to better provision of services to visit such attractions.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to delve into understanding the motivational typology of tourists to a tourism attraction in South Africa associated with the country’s Apartheid-era heritage. It provides an insight into enhancing the current fragmented understanding of dark tourism demand.

Religious tourism studies: evolution, progress, and future prospects

ABSTRACT This review study examines evolving themes in the scholarly literature on religious tourism and identifies research gaps that provide a basis for future investigations. The researchers evaluate a total of 84 studies of religion-induced tourism using content and thematic analyses. The findings show a plurality of approaches, both disciplinary and interdisciplinary, that extend to diverse methods, themes, applications, geographical foci and manifestations of the phenomenon. Understandings of religious tourism have evolved beyond pilgrimage and now encompass the meaningfulness of a destination. Recent explorations have extended beyond visitor motivations to consider their identities, such as individual religious affiliations and religiosity. The current paper contributes to knowledge by embracing infrastructure and the activities which occur in and around religious places as a legitimate study domain.

An Analysis of Relationship between Motivation and Satisfaction of Visitors at Cheongnamdae

An Analysis of Relationship between Motivation and Satisfaction of Visitors at Cheongnamdae

An Evaluation for Participation Motivations of Professional and Non-Professional Visitors: The Case of Travel Turkey İzmir Fair

One of the major factors that enable the maximization of the benefits of fairs the importance of which is increasing day by day is the determination of the motivations and satisfaction perceptions of the participants. In this context, the study has two main objectives. The first objective is to determine the differences between (1) visitors working in different sectors of the tourism industry as professionals who have come to the Travel Turkey Izmir Fair (2018) and (2) the motivations of visitors who have the potential to participate in tourism activities. The second aim is to examine the relationship between these two different visitor types’ satisfaction perception, intention to recommend and intention to revisit. As a result of the survey conducted with 317 visitors participating in the Travel Turkey Fair (2018), it was determined that the main reasons for the participation of all the visitors in the fair were the elements of purchasing, socialization and tourism theme. When the results are examined separately in terms of professional and non-professional, it is noteworthy that the motivations differ. It has been determined that professional visitors participate the fair for seminars, purchasing, ongoing information search purposes while non-professional visitors participated for tourism theme, socialization and escape motivations. The overall satisfaction of the Travel Turkey Izmir Fair (2018) was very high when the relationship between overall satisfaction, intention to revisit and intention to recommend were examined, likewise it was also concluded that the intention to revisit and intention to recommend was also high. On the other hand, there was a moderate positive relationship between the overall satisfaction, intention to revisit and intention to recommend. Furthermore, a strong and positive relationship was determined between the intention to revisit and intention to recommend. The study concludes with suggestions for trade fair organizers to increase the number of visitors to fairs in future years.

PERSPECTIVE AND MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST ENVIRONMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO

Tourism in developed countries, but also in some transition countries, is an important export product and a generator of employment. It includes a wide array of phenomena and relationships that arise during the touristic journey, while in its realization it comes to the economic, but also the ecological, social and cultural aspect of life. Tourism in Kosovo is an important economic branch. The Tourism Industry of Kosovo has realized 10-12% of the domestic social product, depending on the year in question and whether all the direct factors (hotel industry, gastronomy) or indirect factors (agriculture, construction, etc.) have been taken into account. The large turnout of the tourism economy in the local social product reveals, in the first place, the weaknesses of other sectors of the economy, while the tourism potential has not been utilized as well. Intensive development is largely spontaneous and uncontrolled in post-war hotels, accompanied by imbalance in the environment and territory. These consequences are detrimental to the interests of the two groups: local residents and respective tour operators. Quality planning of space is one of the most important preconditions for the long-term and sustainable development of tourism in Kosovo. It is appreciated that after defining the status of Kosovo, the interest of investors to invest in the tourism sector is greater, but also in other sectors of the economy that directly or indirectly influence the development of the tourism sector so that the government most works for the development of tourism in different regions of Kosovo, is now in the final stage the international tender for the privatization of Brezovica, where according to the information there are a number of interested persons appearing in the tender for privatization of the tourist complex of Brezovica. Today's modern tourism does not ask where we are going but what we will do where we are going. Kosovo institutions are seriously involved in managing tourism firstly to build conditions to attract foreign tourists and to convince citizens themselves that there are conditions in their country, the money they spend in other countries can help the economy of Kosovo. However, the conditions and nature that nature has created in Kosovo requires a more serious approach to elevating it to a higher level given the conditions to be met to keep up the turret. Tourism is an industry characterized by intensive labor involvement. Human resources for this industry have been rated as "raw materials" or are anticipated by experts as the most important factor to be faced by this industry over the last decades and onwards the Kosovo government has set up a university education school for tourism which can be said that there are many well-prepared frames. Starting from this apparent tourism site, infrastructure and building up of incomparable units is progressing day by day. It is time to evaluate the motivation of visitors who pay for a couple of days of summer or winter in one place.

Cultural tourism and rural entrepreneurship: A case study of a Scandinavian literary festival

AbstractTourism demand within peripheral regions reflects visitor motivations to seek experiences constrained by attributes that involve the abilities of these visitors. Often, the basis of tourism supply is driven by accessible publicly‐owned common‐pool resources that exist as regional economic assets yet are unpriced in the marketplace. Free‐riding prevails as rent‐seeking firms utilize non‐marketed natural and cultural assets in their production practices. The work reported here develops concepts that illustrate keys to successful cultural tourism entrepreneurship using a case study of a festival on the Norwegian coast that features the treasured literary works of Olav Duun. Results suggest that public‐private partnerships can be used to stimulate entrepreneurial activity. Further, success is a function of managerial expertise in attaining visitor experience that falls within the flow channel.

중국인의 차이나타운 방문동기에 대한 실증연구 : 밀레니얼 세대를 중심으로

본 연구에서는 동일문화권 출신의 에스닉타운 방문동기를 이해하고자 중국인의 외국여행시 차이나타운 방문동기를 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 향후 관광시장에서의 잠재력을 고려하여 20-30대의 밀레니얼세대를 연구의 대상으로 선정하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 정성적, 정량적 연구방법을 통합적으로 활용하였으며 정성적으로는 11명의 중국 밀레니얼세대를 대상으로 심층면접조사를 실시하였으며 정량적으로는 189명의 중국 밀레니얼세대를 대상으로 설문조사가 실시되었다. 면접조사 결과 응답자들은 외국의 차이나타운 방문동기로 친숙함과 편안함, 중국음식, 실용적 동기, 호기심 등에 관해 주로 언급하였다. 설문조사 결과는 탐색적요인분석, 차이분석(ANOVA), 다중회귀분석으로 분석되었다. 탐색적요인분석 결과 방문동기의 Push 요인으로는 신기, 휴식, 동반의 3개 요인이, Pull 요인으로는 위락, 역사, 쇼핑, 음식의 4개 요인이 추출되었다. 방문동기 요인 가운데는 역사, 위락, 휴식 순으로 평균값이 가장 높게 나타났다. 차이분석 결과 여행경력, Plog여행자유형, 성별, 소득수준은 방문동기에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 차이나타운 방문경험, 연령, 교육수준은 방문동기에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 신기, 휴식, 위락, 역사, 음식은 방문의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같은 시사점을 갖는다. 첫째, 본 연구의 결과는 차이나타운이 중국 밀레니얼 세대에게 어떤 Push 요인 및 Pull 요인을 가질 수 있는지에 대한 정보를 제공한다. 둘째, 본 연구의 결과는 차이나타운 방문동기가 응답자의 특성에 따라 어떻게 차이를 지닐 수 있는지를 보여준다. 셋째, 본 연구의 결과는 차이나타운 방문동기 가운데 방문의도에 유의한 영향을 가져오는 변수를 도출함으로써 차이나타운의 관광목적지로서의 발전을 위해 초점을 맞추어야 할 부분을 시사한다. 유용한 시사점에도 불구하고 본 연구의 결과는 차이나타운의 실제 방문경험여부와 무관하게 응답자가 선정되었으며, 실제 개별 차이나타운이 가진 특성을 반영하지 못했다는 점에서 한계를 지닐 수 있다.

완도 국제해조류박람회 방문동기가 만족도와 재방문 의사에 미치는 영향

완도 국제해조류박람회 방문동기가 만족도와 재방문 의사에 미치는 영향

The importance of understanding the connection between the characteristics and motivation of visitors

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics and motivations of event visitors. The goals are to systematically identify socio-demographic characteristics of visitors to tourist events and identify key motivation for visiting tourist events. In addition, the research aims to investigate the correlation between the socio-demographic characteristics of visitors and their motivations for visiting a tourist event. The research was conducted among the visitors of a tourist event (103 respondents), using the survey method and a pre-designed structured questionnaire. The survey was conducted in April 2017, during the duration of an event which is held every year in the city of Zagreb in the Republic of Croatia. The results of the conducted research have shown significant differences between the different socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their motivations. Thus, women are more highly motivated by a desire for cultural experiences (34%), while men are motivated the most by curiosity/desire for new experiences (45%). Furthermore, correlation analysis has led to the conclusion that there is a significant correlation between motivation domains and the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents (gender, age and education). Understanding the visitors’ characteristics and event motivations could serve as a useful tool for event managers. It could help them to develop and manage events, with the aim of improving the event offering to meet the needs and demands of different visitors. Given the growing importance of events as an enrichment element of the tourism offering, this research can contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this field.

Mountains and Marijuana: Motivations of Visitors to Colorado

Legal sales of retail marijuana began in Colorado on January 1, 2014. At this time a new market of marijuana tourists was born. The purpose of this study was to better understand marijuana tourists: their characteristics, behavior, and motivations. Marijuana stores and the tourist destinations where they are located can benefit from targeting this niche market. As more states continue to legalize retail marijuana, this research can be useful in various geographical regions in the US.

Grand Expectations: Understanding Visitor Motivations and Outcome Interference in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

National Park Service (NPS) units have seen a significant increase in visitation in recent years. From 2014 to 2016, Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) experienced a 17% increase in recreational visits. Managing for increased use, driven partially by new and novel types of recreation activities, is a growing issue of concern for the NPS. This study uses a qualitative approach to examine how emerging activity types paired with increased visitor use in GTNP’s popular String and Leigh Lakes (SLL) area may lead to outcome interference among park visitors. An influx of novel uses, such as paddleboarding, to an area that is already popular for a myriad of recreation activities, including canoeing, picnicking, and day hiking, adds a layer of complexity to the management of the lakes. This increase in visitation and activity diversity, combined with limited vehicle access and parking, is creating an environment in which crowding and displacement of visitors is occurring. Using the recreational opportunity demand hierarchy (RODH) and an outcomes-focused management (OFM) framework, this study explores visitor activities, settings, and motivations, as well as possible outcome-interfering variables that may interfere with benefit-achievement. To inform this effort, 62 semi-structured interviews were compiled using a random-sampling technique in the SLL area during the summer of 2017. Data were analyzed using a blind coding technique and results suggest that conflict, crowding, and displacement are possible outcome-interfering variables that can be targeted in future research and monitoring efforts in the SLL area and beyond. The results also indicate that visitors react rationally to previous recreational outcomes. Additionally, we examine how our results can address common critiques of OFM. Finally, we propose a new iteration of the RODH, the rational recreation demand hierarchy (RRDH), in which outcomes direct future recreational decisions. The findings of this study and the updated outcomes-focused framework provide a variety of implications to managers. These include the management of outcomes and outcome-interfering variables as indicators of quality, a means of conceptualizing how outcome-achievement influences future decision-making concerning recreational activities and settings, and the treatment of protected area visitors as rational decision makers. Additionally, this study provides a vignette of how increased visitation, a phenomenon widely reported across US national parks, influences visitor experience. Subscribe to JPRA

지역축제 서비스품질과 행동의도에 대한 참가동기 조절효과 연구

지역축제 서비스품질과 행동의도에 대한 참가동기 조절효과 연구

Analyzing the activities of visitors of the Leiden Ranking website

Abstract Purpose To get a better understanding of the way in which university rankings are used. Design/methodology/approach Detailed analysis of the activities of visitors of the website of the CWTS Leiden Ranking. Findings Visitors of the Leiden Ranking website originate disproportionally from specific countries. They are more interested in impact indicators than in collaboration indicators, while they are about equally interested in size-dependent indicators and size-independent indicators. Many visitors do not seem to realize that they should decide themselves which criterion they consider most appropriate for ranking universities. Research limitations The analysis is restricted to the website of a single university ranking. Moreover, the analysis does not provide any detailed insights into the motivations of visitors of university ranking websites. Practical implications The Leiden Ranking website may need to be improved in order to make more clear to visitors that they should decide themselves which criterion they want to use for ranking universities. Originality/value This is the first analysis of the activities of visitors of a university ranking website.

Understanding Visitor Motivations at Jimmy Carter National Historic Site: A Principal Components Approach

National park sites draw tourism all across the United States. Although large natural parks see much attention, most national park units are actually designed to protect and interpret unique cultural and historic resources. As an example of this, the National Park Service administers numerous presidential historic sites. However, we know very little about the people who visit them. Understanding visitor motivations to presidential historic sites can help to provide for better visitor experiences of presidential resources. This research uses intercept surveys at the Jimmy Carter National Historic Site in Plains, Georgia, to gain an understanding of visitor motivations. From the results, seven motivation types are identified. The information in this article can be used to better understand public values related to presidential resources, and to help the managers of these resources to improve on-site experiences by addressing visitor motivations.

Effects of nature-based visitor motivations onappraisals of destination & attraction desirability: a Norwegiancase study

Effects of nature-based visitor motivations onappraisals of destination & attraction desirability: a Norwegiancase study

Self-determined travel motivation and environmentally responsible behaviour of Chinese visitors to national forest protected areas in South China

Our study investigates the self-determined travel motivations of Chinese visitors and explores the association between their motivations and environmentally responsible attitudes and behaviours. Onsite questionnaire surveys were administered in two national forest protected areas in southern China: Nanling National Forest Park (NNFP) and Dinghushan National Nature Reserve (DNNR). In total, 402 Chinese visitors were surveyed in the two forest protected areas. The results show that intrinsic and extrinsic travel motivations were equally important to visitors and that both types of motivation were significantly associated with the visitors’ environmental attitudes and environmentally responsible behaviours. The findings suggest that travel motivations, environmental attitudes and environmentally responsible behaviours vary between Chinese visitors and their Western counterparts. The findings offer significant insights for the visitor management of protected areas in mainland China and will provide a good reference for protected areas worldwide because Chinese tourists account for a high proportion of overseas visitors.

전통시장 방문객의 방문동기가 만족과 사후행동에 미치는 영향

The revitalization of the local economy through the revitalization of traditional markets is an important task that most local governments are interested in. From this point of view we analyzed the effect of visitor motivation on satisfaction and behavioral intention of traditional market visitors. In order to achieve the purpose of the study research model and the hypothesis were derived through theoretical research. The results of empirical study can be summarized as follows. First, the factor analysis of the motivation 5 factors were extracted : buying local products, taking away daily and relaxing, family friendly activities, market experience, and socializing. Second, the motivation factors for visiting except family friendly activities have a positive effect on the satisfaction of visitors. Third, factors such as buying local products, taking away daily and relaxing, and socializing factors had a significant impact on the post-action behavior. And visitors' satisfaction with traditional markets led to positive word of mouth and the revisit intention. The results of this study showed that the visitor motivation had a positive effect on satisfaction and behavioral intention of traditional market. However, this research is not possible to generalize the results because it does not distinguish the market characteristics and limited to the traditional market in Gwangju area. We expect further research to overcome these limitations in the future.

Segmentation by domestic visitor motivation: Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China

Protected areas have become important tourism products that promoted as attractions by the tourism industry. Taking the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Northeast China as a case, this study addresses visitor needs as a basis for developing a tourism strategy aimed at enhancing tourist opportunities at this reserve. A factor-cluster approach was employed to identify visitor segment profiles based on their visit motivations. Through random sampling, a pencil-and-paper questionnaire in Chinese language was collected from 637 domestic tourists in the study area. A principal components analysis of motivations revealed eight motivational factors, and four distinct groups of tourists–Nature travelers, Cultural landscape tourists, Food & shopping enthusiasts, and Eclectic adventurers–were identified. Understanding the differences in these visitor segments will help the management authority effectively analyze nature reserve attributes and provide alternative activities and services to tourists. Finally, within the dual framework of market segmentation and destination management some management recommendations and marketing implications are suggested.

Personal and Environment Factors Associated with Attraction to Tropical Urban Parks in Peninsular Malaysia

There is increasing demand for urban parks as recreational areas amidst urbanization in Malaysia. Urban parks are the most readily accessible resource for interactions with nature across multi groups in many urban cities, including tropical cities. This paper reports a research conducted in 2013/2014 to determine the overall quality of visits and park users’ level of motivations in selected six public parks in Peninsular Malaysia. The result of this study which examined 2,139 park users’ in 2013/2014 level of motivation and overall quality of visit in selected six public parks in Peninsular Malaysia and the result shows that about three quarter of the users are youths between 17 and 36 years old. For the quality of visit attributes, park users rated “nature and environment” as the highest dimensions with mean score (M = 4.11). The statistical analysis showed that element of shadiness as an important factor for nature motivation. The common shadiness element experienced by urban park users were considered to be unique landscape and significantly different from Western and developed countries

Gamification in aquarium context

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider issues related to gamification through the non-game aquarium context and explore how the intention of aquarium visitors to play a game that imparts knowledge about marine animals and promotes the conservation of these animals is influenced by visitors’ attitudes toward marine animals, motivations to visit the aquarium and perceptions of the game’s benefits. Design/methodology/approach This study surveyed individuals who have visited Taiwan’s National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium at least once in the past three years and who use smartphones. They were shown a description of a hypothetical game scenario that they were asked to imagine to be available while at the aquarium. The partial least squares method was used to analyze the data from 225 returns. Findings The study shows that gamification can satisfy a visitor’s desire to learn and enjoy the aquarium simultaneously. Gamification is limited by the visit motivation and the attitudes toward marine animals that visitors bring with them. The usefulness of gamification is limited when visitors desire relaxation during the visit. Originality/value This study considers the application of gamification in the context of aquariums and the tourism field and the non-technology-related antecedents to the use of gamification. Gamification is not silver bullet for every situation, and a good understanding of potential users is important for its success and targeting of players. The importance of intrinsic benefits over extrinsic benefits is confirmed. Thus, this study addresses several gaps in the gamification literature.