Visible Effect Research Articles

Fire safety status and evacuation of medical facility considering elevated oxygen concentrations

The prevalence of infectious diseases and rapid population expansion has increased the number of medical facilities. Due to the patients' limited mobility, these hospitals are more susceptible to fire disasters. Both Pathfinder and Fire Dynamic simulators were used to calculate the required safe evacuation time (RSET), heat release rate, visibility, temperature, CO, and oxygen effects on temperature, and available safe evacuation time (ASET). The safety egress of the medical hospital was then evaluated by comparing the available safe evacuation time (ASET) and required safe evacuation time (RSET). The simulation findings showed that the egress guides depend on delay time when delay time increases the egress guides drop. We also studied the importance of egress route decisions and suggested that at least 20 to 30 egress guides be on duty in the medical facility. The safety criteria for the medical facility have been proposed based on the delay time with the normalized egress guides. The high oxygen concentration in a hospital can put the medical staff and patients in danger and limit the required safe egress time to less than 150s. The proposed measures can be used to assess the evacuation safety of a typical medical hospital in use relatively quickly and efficiently.

Ableist microaggressions and psychological distress among adults with disabilities: The role of disability visibility.

Experiences of disability-based discrimination among adults with disabilities (AWD) span individual, interpersonal, and structural domains that are implicated in mental health disparities. Ableist microaggressions, a subtle and contemporary form of disability-based discrimination, are positively associated with psychological distress. Additionally, disability characteristics may impact mental health outcomes differently. This study investigated (a) the association between lifetime experiences of ableist microaggressions and psychological distress and (b) the moderating effect of disability visibility. A cross-sectional survey-based online study through Amazon's Mechanical Turk was conducted among 995 AWD whose ages ranged from 18 to 70 (M = 34.73, SD = 9.45). After adjusting for confounds linear regression analyses revealed a significant, positive relationship between ableist microaggressions and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Models explained approximately 18%-23% of the variance in psychological distress. Moderation analyses indicated that associations were stronger among participants with less visible disabilities. Findings underscore disability visibility as an important correlate in AWD mental health disparities. Results should be interpreted within the scope of the sampling procedures and sample demographics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Lip Augmentation With Saypha LIPS Lidocaine: A Postmarket, Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Study To Evaluate Its Efficacy and Short- and Long-term Safety.

Versatility, biocompatibility, and reversibility make hyaluronic acid fillers the backbone of minimally invasive lip augmentation procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and short- and long-term safety of Saypha LIPS Lidocaine (Croma Pharma, Leobendorf, Austria) for lip augmentation to correct moderate to severe lip volume deficiency (grade 1-3 lip fullness score [LFS]). In this postmarket, prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical study, 114 patients were initially treated (with optional touch-up treatment at Week 3). Retrograde and bolus techniques were employed with defined needles or cannula. The primary effectiveness endpoint was the proportion of patients with lip volume improvement of LFS ≥ 1 grade vs baseline at Week 6 (ie, responders); with follow-up (FU) for secondary effectiveness at Months 6, 12, and 18. Evaluation scores included the LFS, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (investigator and patient), patient satisfaction questionnaire FACE-Q, and a numerical pain rating scale. At Week 6, >90% of the patients were responders (lower-lip: 95% CI, 92.24-99.43, P = .0071; upper-lip: 95% CI, 90.95-99.00, P = .0234), with post hoc analyses showing the outcome was influenced by the initial volume deficiency and total volume injected, but not by touch-up treatment. At Month 6, 90% of the patients were responders; at Month 12, 70%; and at Month 18, >40% still had a visible effect. Adverse events were mostly procedural, mild, and temporary. Pain perception was significantly reduced 15 minutes after the procedure. Aesthetic improvement and patient satisfaction were rated as high at all time points. Saypha LIPS Lidocaine for lip augmentation showed long-term aesthetic improvement and safety.

Exposing Freeway Inequalities in the Suburbs: The Cases of Pasadena and Pacoima

U.S. freeways have come under scrutiny for their adverse impacts on low-income neighborhoods of color, primarily in urban centers. This article offers a comparative historical analysis of the impact of freeways on two communities in Southern California, which were ethnically diverse suburbs. Planning authorities in Pasadena and Pacoima chose freeway routes that displaced a greater share of households of color than the proposed alternatives. Meanwhile, neighboring white, wealthier communities successfully influenced routing decisions in consequential ways. Beyond the visible and immediate effects of the freeways, social inequity and environmental degradation persist in both neighborhoods today.

Innovativeness, visibility, and collaboration effect on supply chain performance: moderating role of digital supply chain integration

Innovativeness, visibility, and collaboration effect on supply chain performance: moderating role of digital supply chain integration

Microwave detection towards marine climate monitoring: fog and humidity

Sea fog severely impacts marine operations and coastal transportation due to the low visibility, metal corrosion, and unpredictable effects. This paper introduces a microwave detection technique for monitoring the sea fog generation in-time, as well as the salt-content within sea fog. Besides, in the fogless time, the microwave sensor can also work for humidity detection. The proposed sensor doesn’t use the sensitive materials which assure the reliability and stability. In humidity detection, the nested split-ring resonator (NSRR) sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity with a 1.19 MHz/% RH frequency shift, 0.034 dB/% RH return-loss change, and 0.24°/% RH phase change. For NaCl content, the 2NSRR sensor exhibits a significantly higher sensitivity of 4.42 MHz/% compared to the 1NSRR sensor. This paper firstly introduces four non-resonant detection parameters (FWHM, HPI, FSI, and IF) to avoid high loss due to the fog. This microwave sensor and non-resonant parameters offer a comprehensive solution for accurate and timely sea fog monitoring, enhancing safety and efficiency in maritime and coastal operations.

Anatomical perspectives of brow-lifting using threads: Clinical cases with techniques.

Tailoring surgical interventions to target age-related transformations is paramount. Many candidates seeking blepharoplasty commonly exhibit eyebrow ptosis, underscoring the necessity for surgeons to possess a comprehensive understanding of techniques for brow and forehead rejuvenation. Various surgical techniques are available for eyebrow and forehead enhancement, contrasting the standardized approaches in upper and lower blepharoplasty. Thread lifting has gained popularity for forehead lifting, although a more precise term would be eyebrow lifting. The thread lifting methods using V and I techniques with floating-type threads (Secret Line, Hyundai Meditech., Inc., Wonju-si, Republic of Korea) are used. The natural aging process often causes the forehead and eyebrows to sag under the influence of gravity, leading to the appearance of heavy eyelids. Elevating the eyebrows can mitigate droopiness, enhance vision clarity, and rejuvenate the facial aesthetic. While non-surgical methods like Botulinum Toxin A can weaken muscles and potentially aid in brow elevation, their visible effects may be somewhat constrained. Surgical methods encompass endoscopic forehead lift, eyebrow lift techniques, and scalp excision-based forehead reduction surgery, each with specific advantages and drawbacks. Thread lifting bridges the gap between surgical and non-surgical modalities. Forehead areas often lack subcutaneous fat, requiring precise anatomical understanding for effective thread lifting. Cannula usage with partial tunneling ensures efficacy even in patients with strong adhesions. Presented cases showcase successful eyebrow lifting using cog threads, illustrating immediate and gradual post-procedure changes. Eyebrow thread lifting demands periodic procedures, offering subtler improvements than surgery. Anatomical knowledge is crucial, and the technique presents discomfort. Effects last about 6 months, requiring re-treatment as effects regress. Thread lifting, a middle ground between surgical and non-surgical methods, can rejuvenate brows with less downtime.

Exploration of the application of the sprayed γ-GGT fluorescent probe for visual imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer.

127 Background: To explore the feasibility, accuracy and related influencing factors of spraying γ -GGT fluorescent probe in visual imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: This study employed a previously developed spray-type γ-GGT fluorescent probe in fresh ex vivo epithelial ovarian cancer tissues. The experimental group selected ovarian cancer lesions of varying sizes and observed fluorescence imaging after spraying different concentrations of the probe. The optimal imaging concentration and observation time were determined based on pathological results. The validation group then used the optimal parameters to image primary and metastatic lesions, normal tissue, and suspicious areas, confirming the probe's accuracy. Clinical data from patients, such as age and stage, were analyzed to identify factors affecting probe imaging. Results: A total of 16 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer were included in this study, 8 cases were in the experimental group and 8 cases were in the validation group, and the samples were collected from the primary ovarian lesions, omental metastases and peritoneal metastases. In the experimental group, 42 lesions of 3 different diameters were collected. The visible lesions were not found to have any changes in the imaging within 1min-1h after spraying the γ-GGT fluorescent probe, and the SBR value within 1min-1h was between 1.26-1.29, with no statistical difference ( P>0.05), and the visible effect of 5 h was weaker or even invisible to the naked eye, and the best observation time was 1min-1h after spraying the γ-GGT fluorescent probe, and the SBR value of 1min-1h after spraying 10 μM of γ-GGT fluorescent probe was significantly higher than that of 1 μM and 5 μM ( P<0.05), and the best visible effect was achieved by the naked eye, resulting in a minimum effective imaging concentration of 10 μM. A total of 27 points were collected from the lesion with a diameter of <0.3 cm and its surrounding normal tissues with a distance of 1 cm or tissues with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm with a height of suspicion but normal to the naked eye, and 26 of the 27 tissues were confirmed by pathology to be cancerous and 1 was non-cancerous, with a true positive rate of 96.3% and a false positive rate of 3.7%. The overall true positive rate of fluorescence imaging was 98.6%. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the level of preoperative γ-GGT and the SBR value of preoperative treatment (all P<0.05), and the results of multivariate analysis showed that preoperative treatment was an independent influencing factor for fluorescence imaging of γ-GGT fluorescent probe ( P<0.05). Conclusions: This study tested the γ-GGT fluorescent probe for ovarian cancer imaging, finding 10 μM as the effective concentration and 1 minute to 1 hour as the optimal observation window. The probe's effectiveness is influenced by preoperative treatments.

An SEM study on the effect of 9.3-µm CO2 laser on dentinal tubules for hypersensitivity treatment.

In-vitro studies were performed on dentin of extracted human molars to investigate the effectiveness of 9.3μm CO2 laser irradiation to occlude dentinal tubules. The observed occlusion of dentinal tubules with the irradiation was compared with application of three reagents: 2% Sodium Fluoride gel, an aqueous solution of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and an equal mix of the two. We show that 9.3μm CO2 laser irradiation occludes dentinal tubules, and the use of laser irradiation produces better occlusion of the opened tubules compared to the use of topical reagents. Nine extracted and cleaned human molars were cut to obtain dentin disks of thickness of 3-5mm. Each disc was divided into four quarters, and each quarter served as two samples corresponding to irradiated and non-irradiated group counterparts. Five disks were used to study the effect of various laser irradiation energies on the dentinal tubules to find a good pulse fluence for occlusion of the dentinal tubules, and four disks were used for studying the effects of reagents and irradiation at the pulse fluences found in the first part of the study. The samples were irradiated with a beam diameter of 1mm (1/e2) at 15Hz pulse repetition rate, scanned automatically using a set of scanning mirrors. Samples were imaged using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which were processed to determine tubule diameter. Safety of the irradiation treatment was investigated on 6 samples by measuring pulpal temperature rise. The effect of three topical reagents corresponding to 2% Sodium Fluoride gel (F), Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) and an equal mix of F and HA (HAF) on dentinal tubule occlusion was evaluated and compared with the laser irradiation. In all examined cases, laser irradiation at a fluence of 0.81J/cm2 resulted in a temperature increase less than 3°C which is safe, and no surface cracking was observed. There is a threshold pulse fluence of 0.27J/cm2 above which, laser produced surface melting. At a pulse fluence of 0.81J/cm2 a layer of recast of melted dentin was formed. Under this layer, peritubular dentin melting and occluding of the dentinal tubules was observed. Application of either F or HA or HAF did not produce visible occlusion effect on open tubules after washing and microbrushing with excess distilled water. 9.3μm CO2 laser irradiation on extracted human molar dentin at pulse fluence of 0.81J./cm2 resulted in tubule area reduction by 97% without rising pulpal temperatures to unsafe levels.

Effects of Glyphosate on Cognitive Development, Sensory Sensitivity and Locomotor Balance in Male Rats

Glycophate is the active ingredient in RoundupⓇ hebicide, which is commonly used in agriculture. Exposure to the herbicide glyphosate may affect the development of Parkinson Disease in humans. pre-natal and post-natal exposure to glyphosate exerts neurological effects and neuropsychiatric effects, even at low concentrations. This study aimed to examine the effects on cognitive, sensory and motor development in male rats exposed to the active ingredient glycophate in RoundupⓇ at various concentrations. In this study using test animals in the form of male rats with an age of 10 weeks, then the rats were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely the normal group, 100 µL, 50 µL, and 25 µL RoundupⓇ, induction was given orally every day for 4 weeks. Then at the last week, the body weight of the rats was measured and several tests were conducted to see the effect of glycophate induction on rat cognition through the morris water maze and y maze tests, sensory development through the hot plate test, and rat motor development through the hanging wire test. The results showed that glyphosphate administration affected the body weight of the rats, and affected the cognitive development of the rats. The 50 µL dose treatment group showed the most visible effect of glycophosphate exposure on cognitive tests compared to other groups. In the sensory test, the 50 µL ml dose treatment group also had low sensitivity compared to other groups, and low motor ability compared to other groups. Glycophate was seen to affect the cognitive, sensory and motor development of the rats.

Effects of Driver Gender, Driving Experience, and Visibility on Car-Following Behavior

Weather visibility interference has a significant impact on driver car-following behavior. To investigate drivers’ car-following behavior and emergency avoidance behaviors under different visibility disturbances, scenarios are constructed under different foggy concentration environments based on driving simulation, and the drivers’ response behaviors are collected in the stable car-following state and emergency rear-end scenarios. Exploring the differential effects of gender and driving experience on driving behavior for fog concentrations based on multifactorial analysis of variance. A quantitative model of car-following risk is constructed based on factor analysis, and a linear mixed model is used to explore the comprehensive effects of fog concentration, speed, and the following distance at the braking time on drivers’ braking reaction time by fully considering the differences in individual behaviors. The results show that driving behavior is significantly affected by visual visibility, driver’s gender, and driving experience. With the decrease of visibility, following driving speed decreases, the following distance is shortened, the headway decreases, and the standard deviation of lane lateral offset distance increases. The rear-end collision risk of an experienced driver is higher than that of a novice driver, and the rear-end collision risk of the female is higher than that of male. The risk of collision is higher when traveling in light fog. In emergency rear-end collision scenarios, as visibility decreases, braking reaction time increases, and the risk of collision conflict increases at the moment of driver braking. The braking reaction time of the driver decreases with the increase of the speed and increases with the increase of the distance when the front vehicle is braking. The results of this study provide theoretical support and technical reference for effectively improving driving safety in a bad-visibility environment.

Determination of nutrient concentration in liquid culture of cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. by capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

In this work, we demonstrate the use of capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, as competitive methods primarily for ion chromatography, to determine changes in the concentration of small inorganic ions in the Nostoc sp. culture medium. Although macronutrients were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection, micronutrients were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The different light settings (light intensity and spectral composition) had a visible effect on the culture growth and depletion of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions, and iron and manganese elements when comparing the behavior under red or violet light with that under blue light.

Histologic, Progestational and Antiestrogenic Effects of Methanolic Extract of Asparagus pubescens (Roots) on the Male Reproductive Organs of Rabbit

This study investigates the effect of methanolic root extract of Asparagus pubescens on the male reproductive system in rabbits. Male reproductive organs is essential for producing and maintaining sperm, secreting testosterone, and transporting sperm to the female reproductive tract, include the testicles and accessory organs such as the epididymis, vas deferens, and prostate gland. The testicles, being the primary site of sperm and testosterone production, play a critical role in male fertility. Experimental animals were divided into four treatment groups and corresponding control groups. The plant extract was administered at low (250 mg/kg) and normal (500 mg/kg) doses for 14 and 21 days, respectively. Control groups, which received no treatment, showed no abnormal physical observations. Fertility assays included female rabbits, all of which became pregnant, confirming the fertility of the male rabbits used. Post-mortem analysis of testes from treated groups revealed no gross pathological changes. Histological examination indicated no disruptions in spermatogenesis across all treated groups, comparable to controls. The absence of pathological changes suggests that Asparagus pubescens does not exhibit visible contraceptive effects on male reproductive organs based on histological techniques. Estrogen’s role in regulating fluid reabsorption in the male reproductive tract suggests that the extract’s antiestrogenic activity might produce a contraceptive effect. Further research is necessary to explore its potential as a male contraceptive.

The Impact of Polar Vortex Strength on the Longitudinal Structure of the Noontime Mid-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere

Ground-based ionospheric, CHAMP/STAR, and GOCE satellite neutral density ρ observations under deep solar minimum conditions were used to find whether there is a dependence of longitudinal variations on polar vortex strength. Ionospheric stations at fixed-dipole geomagnetic Φ ≈ 38° and geographic φ ≈ 40°N latitudes located in ‘near-pole’ and ‘far-from-pole’ longitudinal sectors were used in the analysis. No significant longitudinal NmF2 (electron concentration in the F2-layer maximum) dependence on the polar vortex strength was revealed. Geomagnetic control was shown to be responsible for the observed longitudinal NmF2 variations. Satellite-observed longitudinal variations in neutral density did not show any visible reaction to the polar vortex strength. However, the impact of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on the upper atmosphere is strong enough to change the neutral density longitudinal distribution. The impact of SSW shows a global occurrence and ‘works’ within 3–5 days in geographic coordinates in the vicinity of the SSW peak. Atomic oxygen values retrieved under ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ polar vortex strengths confirm the results obtained on longitudinal variations in NmF2 and ρ. In conclusion, no visible effects related to ‘strong’ or ‘weak’ polar vortex strengths have been revealed in either NmF2 or satellite neutral density longitudinal variations. Alternatively, such effects may be very small and therefore cannot be confirmed experimentally.

Incoherent diffractive dijet production and gluon Bose enhancement in the nuclear wave function

We investigate the effect of gluon Bose enhancement in the nuclear wave function on the dijet production in incoherent diffractive processes in DIS and ultraperipheral collisions. We demonstrate that Bose enhancement leads to an enhancement of diffractive dijet production cross section when the transverse momenta of the two jets are aligned at zero relative angle. This enhancement is maximal when the magnitude of the transverse momenta of the two jets are equal, and disappears rather quickly as a function of the ratio of the two momenta. We study both the dilute limit and fully nonlinear dense regime where the nuclear wave function is evolved with the leading order JIMWLK equation. In both cases we observe a visible effect, with it being enhanced by the evolution due to the dynamical generation of the color neutralization scale.

Stakeholder pressure and SMEs sustainability information disclosures: why perceived benefits and sustainability knowledge matter

Purpose Sustainability research has become important than ever, due to the visible effects of business operations on the environment, and the increasing green consciousness among the various stakeholder groups. These stakeholder groups mount pressure on organizations, to inculcate sustainable practices in their operations. In light of the stakeholder-resource-based view, this paper aims to examine the direct effect of stakeholder pressure on sustainability information disclosures. The mediation effect of perceived benefits in the nexus amidst stakeholder pressure and sustainability information disclosures was also assessed. Lastly, the paper assessed the moderation effect of sustainability knowledge in the nexus between perceived benefits and sustainability information disclosures. Design/methodology/approach This research is quantitative in nature. Structured questionnaire was deployed as the data collection tool. Small and Medium Enterprises in Ghana formed the population. Data set from 258 Ghanaian small and medium enterprises was analyzed by the use of structural equation modeling. Findings Contrary to expectation, the study revealed that the effect of stakeholder pressure on sustainability information disclosures is positive, but statistically insignificant. The nexus between stakeholder pressure and sustainability information disclosures was revealed to be fully mediated by perceived benefits. Lastly, sustainability knowledge was revealed to positively moderate the relationship amidst perceived benefits and sustainability information disclosures. Originality/value This paper contributes to sustainability literature by demonstrating how stakeholder pressure influences sustainability information disclosures in the context of small and medium enterprises in an emerging economy.

MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SNOW COVER WITHIN THE ANTHROPOGENICALLY DISTURBED SITES OF THE NADYM-PUR INTERFLUVE (NORTHERN PART OF WESTERN SIBERIA)

The article analyzes the content of metals in solid aerosols and snow water sampled in the anthropogeni-cally disturbed and background sites of the Nadym-Pur interfluve. The results of microscopic studies of solid aerosols showed the presence of secondary minerals, technogenic formations, as well as a large amount of pyrite in samples from the eastern part of the study area. The maximum concentrations of metals in solid aero-sols were found in snow of the sanitary protection zones of waste disposal facilities, with the exception of Ca, which prevails in snow cover of Novy Urengoy (up to 10% of dry matter). The urbanized area is characterized by the highest values of dust load (up to 111 mg/m2 a day). The local contamination with Ba within the waste landfills in Novy Urengoy is associated with the sites of barite and drilling waste processing. We applied the factor analysis to identify the main metal associations characteristic of solid aerosols from different functional zones: Ca-Co-V-Mn (city), Ba-Sr-K-Na and Cd-Cu-Pb (waste disposal sites), Cu-Ni-Cd (the entire studied area). Based on the study of the content of dissolved forms in snow water, a high mobility of metals in the northern landscapes and its decrease in urban environment were revealed. The mineralogical and geochemical analysis of snow suggests the influence of the Norilsk industrial region on the eastern part of the Nadym-Pur interfluve, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and the mineral pyrite being the indicators. The risks of environmental pollution under the aerotechnogenic transport are associated with high content of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Ba in solid aero-sols. The calculation of the Toxicity Probability Index (MERMQ) showed that some aerosol samples from the landfill sites have a high probability of biological effects. Using data on the chemical composition of soils and soil water, no visible effect of snow pollution on the growth of metal concentrations in soil and soil water was revealed, with the exception of local contamination with Ba, which led to a twofold increase in the content of the metal in the upper soil horizon.

Does digitalisation affect the adoption of electric vehicles? New regional-level evidence from Google Trends data

ABSTRACT Digitalisation is an important dimension that contributes to fostering the adoption of electric mobility. We investigate this unexplored topic by focusing on the regional level of analysis, and presenting new data and evidence for a large number of regions in Europe, Canada and the United States. The empirical analysis makes use of Google Trends data. It constructs new indicators of digitalisation and the adoption of electric vehicles, as measured by Google search queries. The new dataset contains indicators for 182 regions in 15 countries for the period 2010–23. We use this dataset to carry out a time-series analysis (vector error correction (VEC) model) of the relations between digitalisation and electric vehicles in each region. The results show that digitalisation is an important factor that has fostered the adoption of electric vehicles in the last decade. The analysis, though, also points out that there is considerable heterogeneity in the time-series results among regions in our sample. Digitalisation has a more visible effect on electric mobility for regions that have higher gross domestic product per capita, better internet infrastructures, a young and well-educated workforce, and higher population density.

Understanding the Hidden Costs and Benefits of Living With Grizzly Bears in Montana

Wildlife sometimes impose unmitigated costs and provide unevenly distributed benefits that exacerbate conflict among people or between wildlife and groups of people. Although previous research has primarily focused on the visible effects of wildlife, reducing conflict will require a broader understanding of wildlife effects on human well-being. Using a “noticing, collecting, thinking” analysis of 25 interviews with people living near grizzly bears in Montana, USA, we provide a nuanced profile of their perceived costs and benefits, including hidden and nonmaterial effects. Interviewees described the interconnected nature of grizzly bear effects on people, where visible effects on livelihoods, health, social relations, personal security, and freedom led to negative hidden effects such as threats to cultural identity and diminished perceptions of livelihood sustainability. Positive effects included enhanced mental, spiritual, and cultural well-being, such as enhanced feelings of connection to wild places. We discuss how this broader understanding of wildlife costs and benefits helps provide a more thorough understanding of the effects of living with grizzly bears.

Pengaruh Cangkang Pomacea canaliculata L Terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Air Sungai Cisadane

The Cisadane River is a very important ecosystem for the people of the city of Tangerang. Its utilization has the potential to produce waste that can damage aquatic life so that it becomes one of the sources of the problem of decreasing water quality both physically and chemically. One of the efforts made to overcome the problem of Cisadane river water is to use water purifiers derived from natural materials so that they do not endanger health and can bind heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding snail shells to the water quality of the Cisadane river in industrial areas, urban areas and slums in terms pH value, TDS value and Pb heavy metal. The experimental procedures in this study were snail shell preparation, Cisadane river water sampling, sample analysis before application, snail shell powder application, and sample analysis after application. The results of analys show that the clarity level of Cisadane river water ranges from 19 NTU to 59 NTU, the pH value ranges from 7.2 to 7.9, the TDS value ranges from 60 mg/l to 170 mg/l and the heavy metal content is 0.0047 mg /l. The conclusion of this research is that there is an increase in the level of clarity with the addition of snail shells by 45%, there is not visible effect of the snail shells addition’s on the pH value and content of Pb heavy metal. And there is an increase in the TDS value after adding snail shells.