Gingival Crevicular Fluid Visfatin Research Articles

Expression of visfatin in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissues in different periodontal conditions: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundStudies have shown that visfatin is an inflammatory factor closely related to periodontitis. We examined the levels of visfatin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissues under different periodontal conditions, in order to provide more theoretical basis for exploring the role of visfatin in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.MethodsWe enrolled 87 subjects, with 43 in the chronic periodontitis (CP) group, 21 in the chronic gingivitis (CG) group, and 23 in the periodontal health (PH) group. Periodontal indexes (PD, AL, PLI, and BI) were recorded. GCF samples were collected for visfatin quantification, and gingival tissues were assessed via immunohistochemical staining.ResultsVisfatin levels in GCF decreased sequentially from CP to CG and PH groups, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The CP group exhibited the highest visfatin levels, while the PH group had the lowest. Gingival tissues showed a similar trend, with significant differences between groups (P < 0.001). Periodontal indexes were positively correlated with visfatin levels in both GCF and gingival tissues (P < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between visfatin levels in GCF and gingival tissues (rs = 0.772, P < 0.001).ConclusionGreater periodontal destruction corresponded to higher visfatin levels in GCF and gingival tissues, indicating their potential collaboration in damaging periodontal tissues. Visfatin emerges as a promising biomarker for periodontitis and may play a role in its pathogenesis.

Periodontal disease and visfatin level: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Visfatin is considered an inflammatory biomarker in periodontal disease (PD). In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between Visfatin biomarker level with PD. In this study, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. We included studies that examined visfatin levels in samples from healthy people and periodontal disease until March 2023. The quality of the selected articles was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale. Depending on heterogeneity of studies, random-effects or fixed-effect models were used to pool results and report the standardized mean difference (SMD). After screening the retrieved papers, the related data were extracted. A total of 159 studies were identified, and 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In 9 studies, the SMD of visfatin level of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy individuals was 4.32 (p<0.001). In 6 studies, the SMD of salivary visfatin level in patients with CP and healthy individuals was 2.95 (p = 0.004). In addition, in five studies, the SMD of serum visfatin level in patients with CP and healthy individuals was 7.87 (p<0.001). Therefore, Visfatin levels in serum, saliva, and GCF of patients with CP were increased in comparison to healthy individuals. Comparison of visfatin levels in saliva of gingivitis patients and healthy individuals showed a significant increase of visfatin in gingivitis patients (SMD:0.57, P = 0.018), but no significant difference was observed in the mean GCF visfatin level of gingivitis patients and healthy individuals (SMD:2.60, P = 0.090). In addition, the results suggested that there is no difference between gingivitis cases compared to CP patients (SMD:3.59, P = 0.217). Visfatin levels in GCF, serum, and saliva have the potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker of periodontitis.

Comparison of the inflammatory states of serum and gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background/purpose:There is a two-way relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to compare the inflammatory states in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy subjects. Materials and methods20 subjects were systematic and periodontal healthy (H group), 40 subjects were with periodontitis (CP group), and other 40 were with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DC group). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c was tested. GCF and serum level of interleukin (IL) −17, visfatin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio were measured. ResultsThe GCF volume, total amount of IL-17, vastatin, RANKL/OPG ratio in GCF and their concentrations in serum were higher (P < 0.05) in CP and DC groups than in H group, which were also higher (P < 0.05) in DC group than in CP group except for visfatin in GCF and IL-17 in serum. At sample sites of PD ≤ 3 mm, GCF volume, IL-17, visfatin and RANKL/OPG ratio in DC and CP groups were higher (P < 0.05) than that in H group, which were also higher in DC group than in CP group either with PD ≤ 3 mm or PD > 3 mm. Inflammatory state in GCF was positively correlated to systemic inflammation, and both of them were positively correlated to FBG. ConclusionModerate and severe periodontitis aggravated systemic inflammation. T2DM together with periodontitis resulted in more severe systemic inflammation. The positive correlation between the periodontal and systemic inflammation and their association with FBG indicated an inflammatory link between periodontitis and T2DM.

IMPACT OF NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY ON VISFATIN LEVEL IN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS

ckground: Visfatin was reported to exert various pro-inflammatory function. The present study aims to evaluate the level of visfatin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and assess this relationship in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and periodontitis (P) before and following nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Patients and methods: Forty-five subjects were enrolled in this study and equally divided into three groups, group 1: healthy participants, group 2: patients with diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis and group 3: patients with periodontitis only. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and after NSPT at 1, 3 and 6 months, visfatin levels were also assessed at the same time intervals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: GCF visfatin level at baseline showed a significantly lower concentration in healthy participants than in patients with periodontitis and T2DM and those with periodontitis only. A significant reduction in GCF visfatin level was observed in groups 2 and 3 following NSPT at 1, 3 and 6 months. Conclusion: The non-surgical periodontal therapy can significantly reduce GCF visfatin levels in patients with T2DM and periodontitis and those with only periodontitis. Furthermore, visfatin may be suggested as an inflammatory marker for periodontitis.

Evaluation of association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and visfatin levels in chronic periodontitis patients.

Background:Periodontal disease is one of the most common prevailing diseases, where the destruction occurs due to the direct effect of microorganisms and indirectly by the stimulation of host cells. The diverse inflammatory action of visfatin made this adipokine a potential periodontal biomarker of choice along with the periopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.Aim:Our study was carried out to evaluate the visfatin levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and P. gingivalis levels in subgingival plaque in periodontal health and disease.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 participants were divided into two groups of thirty participants each as Group I – patients who have healthy periodontium and Group II – patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters assessed for the participants were plaque index, probing pocket depth, papillary bleeding index, and clinical attachment loss. The subgingival plaque samples were obtained to estimate P. gingivalis levels and GCF was collected to check visfatin levels.Results:The clinical parameters, P. gingivalis, and GCF visfatin levels between the two groups showed a notable significant difference. A significant positive correlation was noted on the correlation of GCF visfatin levels with clinical parameters.Conclusion:Our study outcomes propose that P. gingivalis can be the bonafide periopathogen which modulate the visfatin levels in individuals with periodontal disease and GCF visfatin can also be evaluated as a biomarker in periodontal disease.

Possible interaction between visfatin, periodontal infection, and other systemic diseases: A brief review of literature.

Gingivitis and periodontitis are common bacterial infections caused by a variety of microorganisms. Despite the microorganisms’ roles as etiologic agents, inflammation-induced substances also have crucial parts in the loss of connective tissue and the supporting alveolar bone. Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator, which acts as growth factor, cytokine, and pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor. A positive correlation was detected between the serum/plasma levels of visfatin and inflammatory disorders such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the visfatin level was higher in saliva and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects with periodontal disease. This review defined current, predictable patterns of possible interaction of visfatin with periodontal infection and other systemic diseases, using PubMed and Medline databases searching for articles written in English. Peer-reviewed articles were targeted using the following keywords: “visfatin,” “periodontal disease,” “inflammatory mediator,” and “biomarker.” Available full-text articles were read, and related articles were also scrutinized, while a hand search was also performed. Search was confined to human studies, and articles written in English and published between 1985 and 2016 were selected. It was concluded that periodontal infection and other systemic diseases could be related to the levels of visfatin in GCF, saliva, and serum as a biomarker of these diseases.

Porphyromonas gingivalis and Epstein-Barr Virus Are Associated With Increased Levels of Visfatin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid.

There is little clinical information on the relationship between periodontopathogens and visfatin. The purpose of this study is to determine visfatin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis and to investigate the possible relationship between this adipokine and the presence and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescense, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Eighteen healthy individuals and 27 patients with periodontitis were included in this study. GCF and plaque samples were obtained from all individuals. Visfatin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the bacterial numbers were evaluated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. In patients with periodontitis, the visfatin levels in the GCF (mean: 84.29 ng/mL; range: 63.8 to 108.9 ng/mL) were significantly higher compared with those of the healthy individuals (mean: 38.06 ng/mL; range: 13.8 to 89.02 ng/mL) (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between the visfatin levels and P. gingivalis (r = 0.266, P <0.05), whereas no correlation was found between visfatin levels and other microorganisms. In addition, the visfatin levels were found to be higher in individuals in whom P. gingivalis was detected than for those without P. gingivalis (P <0.01). The visfatin levels were also found to be higher in individuals in whom EBV was detected (P <0.05). To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first one to show the correlation of periodontopathogens and GCF visfatin levels. P. gingivalis colonization of the periodontal pockets may increase visfatin secretion. Furthermore, the presence of EBV in the plaque may be another factor that causes an increase in visfatin levels.

Association of Serum and Crevicular Visfatin Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Levels of visfatin in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were explored in patients with periodontal health, periodontal disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 DM) and were found to be elevated with periodontal disease, and were correlated with periodontal clinical parameters. DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) are associated with each other. Adipokines, specifically visfatin, are secreted from adipocytes and are thought to cause insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of visfatin in serum and GCF in t2 DM among individuals with CP and to find an association, if any. Thirty individuals (15 males and 15 females) were selected based on their clinical parameters into three groups: group 1 (10 healthy), group 2 (10 well-controlled t2 DM among individuals with CP), and group 3 (10 individuals with CP and without diabetes). Serum and GCF samples were collected to estimate the levels of visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mean visfatin concentration increased in both serum and GCF in individuals with t2 DM with CP. Also, it was observed that visfatin in both serum and GCF correlated positively with all the periodontal parameters. All the samples in each group tested positive for visfatin assay. Serum and GCF visfatin concentration in both t2 DM with CP and individuals with CP and without diabetes correlated positively with all the clinical parameters. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm positive correlations.

Effect of non surgical periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid and serum visfatin concentration in periodontal health and disease.

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Visfatin Concentration in Periodontal Health and Disease

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Visfatin Concentration: Their Relationship in Periodontal Health and Disease

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator that acts as growth factor, cytokine, and enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and was recently demonstrated to exert several proinflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of visfatin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples and to find out their association, if any. At the beginning of the study, 40 individuals (20 males and 20 females; age range: 23 to 53 years) were selected and divided into three groups based on the gingival index, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, and radiologic parameters (bone loss). Group 1 (10 patients with healthy periodontium; age range: 25-36 years), group 2 (15 patients with gingivitis; age range: 25-36 years), and group 3 (15 patients with chronic periodontitis; age range: 23-53 years) GCF (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum (by venipuncture) samples were collected to estimate levels of visfatin using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Mean visfatin concentrations increased in GCF and serum with the severity of disease from healthy to gingivitis to periodontitis groups and differed significantly (P <0.05). However, it was found that GCF values were higher than serum values. The highest to lowest visfatin concentrations were found in groups 3 through 1, respectively. Visfatin in GCF and serum correlated positively with periodontal parameters in the chronic periodontitis group. The results suggest that GCF and serum visfatin concentrations increase with the severity of periodontal disease. Hence, visfatin values were considered an inflammatory marker in periodontal disease in GCF and serum. Visfatin also deserves further consideration as a therapeutic target.