Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Visfatin Concentration in Periodontal Health and Disease

N.M Raghavendra,Rahul Kathariya,Savitha B Naik,Nishanth S Rao,Anuj Sharma,A.R Pradeep

doi:10.1155/2012/828049

Abstract

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Highlights

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease fundamentally initiated by chronic bacterial infection [1,2]
Subjects were categorized into two groups based on the gingival index (GI) [31], probing depth (PD), periodontal attachment level (PAL), and radiographic evidence of bone loss
Our present study comprised of three groups to explore the role of scaling and root planing (SRP) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum Visfatin concentration, in addition to our recent study [30] where the Visfatin levels in GCF and serum in periodontal health and disease was estimated and results suggested that Visfatin levels increased progressively in GCF and serum as periodontal disease progressed

Summary

Introduction

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease fundamentally initiated by chronic bacterial infection [1,2]. The microbial challenge consisting of antigens, lipopolysaccharides, and other virulence factors stimulates host responses Host reactions to these infecting agents result in the release of inflammatory mediators (cells like neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages, T cells, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts etc.) including proinflammatory cytokines [Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6,Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] and prostaglandins (PGE2), which can promote extracellular matrix destruction (by matrix metalloproteinase; MMPs) in the periodontium and stimulate bone resorption [3]. These immune and inflammatory host reactions are essential for host defense against bacterial inflammation, excessive and. Raghavendra et al / GCF and serum visfatin after periodontal therapy prolonged reaction is harmful for the functional periodontal tissue

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