Viscous Dissipation Heating Research Articles

Numerical simulation for the slip impacts on the radiative nanofluid flow over a stretched surface with nonuniform heat generation and viscous dissipation

Abstract The growing fascination with nanofluid flow is motivated by its potential applications in a variety of industries. Therefore, the objective of this research article is to conduct a numerical simulation of the Darcy porous medium flow of Newtonian nanofluids over a vertically permeable stretched surface, considering magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection. Various attributes, such as the impacts of slip, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and nonuniform heat sources, are integrated to explore the behavior of the flow. The utilization of the boundary layer theory helps to describe the physical problem as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). These derived PDEs are then converted to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the application of suitable conversions. The outcomes are obtained using the finite difference method, and the effects of parameters on nanofluid flow are compared and visualized through both tabular and graphical representations. The outcomes have been computed and subjected to a comparative analysis with previously published research, revealing a remarkable degree of agreement and consistency. Consequently, these innovative discoveries in heat transfer could prove beneficial in addressing energy storage challenges within the contemporary technological landscape. The noteworthy main findings indicate that when the porous parameter, magnetic number, velocity slip parameter, viscosity parameter, and Brownian motion parameter are assigned higher values, there is an observable expansion in the temperature field. Due to these discoveries, we can enhance the management of temperature in diverse settings by effectively modulating the heat flow.

Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic tri-hybrid nanofluid flow past a moving wedge with viscous dissipation and Joule heating

This study aims to boost thermal convection through careful selection and adjustment of nanomaterial volumes, focusing on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow past a moving wedge with viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating in a ternary nanofluid of alumina (Al2O3), copper oxide (CuO), and copper (Cu) in water. Employing mathematical modeling and numerical analysis via MATLAB's BVP4C, it explores how discharge concentration influences flow characteristics and identifies critical conditions for single or dual solutions. Key parameters such as motion and wedge parameters, Eckert number, magnetic strength, and nanoparticle volume ratios were scrutinized for their impact on fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Results show enhanced convective thermal transfer with increased nanoparticle hybridity and volume fraction, alongside suction/injection parameter (S), unsteadiness parameter (A), Eckert number (Ec), and magnetic parameter (M), albeit decreasing with wedge angle adjustments. Stability analysis revealed the stability of the initial solution vs the instability of the secondary. Introducing a novel time variable, τ=cAt(1−ct), this research demonstrates that at λ=−4.7(a leftward wedge) with a 0.04 nanoparticle volume fraction, ternary and hybrid nanofluids significantly outperform mono nanofluid, achieving thermal efficiency gains of 25.6% and 7.5%, respectively. This foundation underscores the potential of optimized nanofluid mixtures for advanced heat transfer applications.

Modeling slip flow of Bingham fluid induced by a porous revolving disk with viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects

Modeling slip flow of Bingham fluid induced by a porous revolving disk with viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects

Viscous dissipation and Joule heating in case of variable electrical conductivity Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid flow in a complex wavy asymmetric channel through porous media

This paper focuses on flow structures and thermal fields of the Carreau–Yasuda (CY) nanofluid model through a two-dimensional, wavy, complicated vertical asymmetrical conduit filled with porous elements. Formulations of the viscous dissipation in the case of CY nanofluids are derived and nonlinear radiation flux as well as joule heating are examined. Buongiorno’s nanofluid approach, which involves Brownian motion and thermophoresis aspects is considered. The electrical conductivity of the suspension is considered as a variable where it depends upon the ambient temperature and concentration distributions and the Joule heating impacts are not neglected. The approach of solving the problem is contingent upon converting the system to dimensionless form then the lubrication approach with low magnetic Reynold numbers is applied. Numerical solutions are found for the resultant system, and wide ranges are considered for Weissenberg number We, non-Newtonian parameter n and Darcy number [Formula: see text], namely, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The major results indicated that gradients of the pressure are higher in case of shear thickening [Formula: see text] comparing to in the instance of shear thinning [Formula: see text]. Also, the velocity is enhanced, close to the channel’s lowest portion, as the Weissenberg number is growing. The variable electrical conductivity gives a higher mass transfer rate compared to the constant property.

Melting phenomenon of thermally stratified MHD Powell–Eyring nanofluid with variable porosity past a stretching Riga plate

Abstract Recently, experts have become particularly interested in the treatment of disorders caused by magnesium shortage. Hypomagnesemia is produced by a magnesium deficit in the blood, which is an additional stimulation for different diseases such as vomiting, drowsiness, nausea, loss of appetite, and so on. To compensate for this shortage, magnesium is injected as a nanoparticle in the blood (base fluid). The properties of these magnesium nanoparticles specifically their size, dispersion, and surface characteristics are crucial for optimizing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced material characterization techniques ensure the stability and enhanced performance of these nanoparticles in the physiological environment. Based on these applications, the current research aims to address magnesium deficiency via Powell–Eyring nanofluid flow distorted by the linearly stretchable sheet in the region of the stagnation point. Linear thermal stratification, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating are used to reveal the heat transport features. The magnetic field is applied to the nanofluid at an angle α to further control the fluid dynamics and nanoparticle behavior. Transformations are used to create a set of dimensionless governing equations. Comparative graphs are used to explain the physical behaviors of temperature and velocity fields, demonstrating how material properties impact fluid dynamics. The well-known convergence method (homotopy analysis method) is used to solve the model by comparing graphs.

Thermal case study of magnetic radiative flow impacts on Newtonian nanofluid over a stretchable plate in absorbent: Box approach

Nanofluid technology represents a significant breakthrough in thermal engineering, with widespread applications spanning heat exchangers, cancer treatment, and heat storage systems. Despite its success in improving heat transfer rates in diverse devices, the challenge of enhancing thermal conductivity using nanoparticles looms large. This study aims to elucidate the 2D flow of nanofluid under suction/injection over a stretching wedge. It considers factors such as Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions, nonlinear heat generation, and thermal radiation. Additionally, it examines the effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Through the conversion of governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equations into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, numerical solutions are obtained via the Keller-box method. The analysis delves into the significant impacts of relevant parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism fields, presented graphically. Notably, the findings underscore the role of solid particles in enhancing the thermal efficiency of base fluids. These investigation outcomes are vital for controlling heat transferal rates and fluid velocities throughout a variation of manufacturing processes and industrial sectors, guaranteeing the required quality of the ending product. The perceptions garnered from this research hold capacity for a broad range of industrial purposes and carry consequences through countless engineering disciplines, mostly within the range of nanotechnology.

Heat transport analysis of nanoliquid in a microchannel with aggregation kinematics: a modified Buongiorno model approach

ABSTRACT Convective heat transmission of Ti O 2 − EG nanoliquid under slip and convective regime in a microchannel is examined using a modified Buongiorno model. The fractal-based approach is employed to describe the aggregation of nanoparticles. The impact of molecular dynamics, particularly on dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity due to the aggregation of nano-sized particles, is simulated with the help of two significant models: namely, the Krieger-Dougherty model and the Maxwell-Bruggeman model, respectively. The aspect of the interfacial layer enables us to get a realistic nanoliquid model. The solutions for the designed nondimensional mathematical model are obtained numerically. The variation in flow and thermal distribution for pertinent parameters are visualized graphically. The study reveals that the thermophysical characteristics sturdily depend on nanoparticle concentration and cluster formation. It is emphasized that the viscous dissipation and radiative heat transfer contribute towards magnifying the irreversibilities in a microchannel. The findings are useful in bioconvection and various heat transfer applications.

Thermal performance appraisal of hybrid and nanofluid flow between a cone and a disk with variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating

In many engineering systems, hybrid and nanofluids are influenced by their respective thermophysical characteristics. Lately, several models have been envisaged to foresee the hybrid and nanofluid attributes. The properties of hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) as potential heat transfer fluids are controlled by numerous aspects such as solid part size, volume fraction, and temperature. Considering the interesting facts of the hybrid and nanofluid flows, we in this exploration examined the thermal performance comparison of both types of fluid flows. The nanofluid and HNF are composed of molybdenum disulfide (MoS[Formula: see text]/kerosene oil and silicon dioxide–molybdenum disulfide (SiO2–MoS[Formula: see text]/kerosene oil, respectively. The flows are taken in a canonical gap between the cone and the disk. Both the cone and the disk may be rotating or stationary. The novelty of the computational model is enhanced by discussing the effects of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and the variable thermal conductivity with convective condition. The Tawari and Das model is designed to analyze the heat transfer performance of the assumed fluid flows. The assumed fluid model is transmuted into the set of differential equations that are dealt numerically with the bvp4c MATLAB approach. The results are displayed in tables and graphical forms. For elevating estimations of the Eckert number, the heat transmission rate is found to be more significant in the disk than cone. It is also learned that hybrid nanoliquid heat transfer performance outperforms nanoliquid. The fluid velocity increases by raising the nanoparticle volume fraction [Formula: see text], and is decreasing for a higher magnetic field parameter. With the elevating estimates of thermal conductivity, it is shown that the cone transmits heat more quickly whereas the disc transmits heat more slowly. The thermal conductivity parameter increases the probability of collision of the liquid particles, that ultimately upsurges fluid heat transmission rate.

Numerical insights of fractal–fractional modeling of magnetohydrodynamic Casson hybrid nanofluid with heat transfer enhancement

Fractional calculus expands the idea of differentiation to fractional/non‐integer orders of the derivatives. It includes the memory‐dependent and non‐local system's behaviors while fractal–fractional derivatives is the generalization of fractional‐order derivatives which refers to a combination of fractional calculus and fractal geometry. In this article, we have considered the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid through a vertical open channel with the effect of viscous dissipation and Newtonian heating. The problem is modeled in terms of non‐linear and coupled integer‐order PDEs which is further generalized through fractal–fractional derivative of power law kernel. Due to non‐linearity and complexities, we have adopted the numerical procedure as it is used when the analytical solutions of PDEs are frequently difficult or impossible for complicated situations. We have established the numerical algorithms for both the classical and fractal–fractional‐order model and compared the results. The existence and uniqueness of the model's solution has been shown theoretically. The effect of various embedded parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow has been simulated and presented through various figures while skin friction and Nusselt number are tabulated. The effect of fractional and fractal parameter is also shown. As the present model is taken for the hybrid nanofluid flow and for the heat transfer applications, we have considered mineral transformer oil as a base fluid while titania and cadmium telluride nanoparticles are dispersed in it. From the results, it is observed that hybrid nanofluid have a better heat transfer enhancement up to 19.71% while the unitary nanofluids are only capable to enhance the heat transfer up to 9%.

Viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects of Carreau nanofluid axisymmetric flow past unsteady radially stretching porous disk

In this piece of communication, a theoretical investigation of two dimensional boundary layer flow of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Carreau nanofluid axisymmetric flow past unsteady radially stretching porous disk is made. The investigation includes the effects of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, thermal radiation, suction/injection, Darcy–Forchheimer porosity model and binary chemical reaction with activation energy, etc. To examine the impacts of the aforementioned effects, the conservation laws are formulated with strongly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), which are then transformed into a system of initial value problems (IVPs) using appropriate similarity transformations and techniques. The 5th order Runge–Kutta with the shooting technique is used to find numerical solutions aided by Python programming with built in program “fsolve”. The method is validated with other published articles under common assumptions and it agrees nicely. The impacts of the pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficient and the rates of mass and heat transfers with in the flow regime are displayed using graphs and tables. The main outcomes include the motivation of local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for shear thickening (n=1.5) than shear thinning (n=0.5) cases of the Carreau nanofluid. The momentum boundary layer of the Carreau nanofluid gets thinner with an increase in Forchheimer number, unsteady and suction parameters. A dual nature is observed for concentration of the Carreau nanofluid with a rise in Eckert number, i.e increasing in concentration around the wall and decreasing far away from the wall. The rise in destructive and constructive chemical reaction parameters disperse and accumulate the concentration of the system, respectively.

Entropy generation due to MHD Falkner–Skan flow of Casson fluid over a wedge: A numerical study

AbstractThis study highlights the significance of entropy generation in the Falkner–Skan flow of Casson fluid past a wedge. To investigate the energy analysis, the governing equations include the heat transport equation in the presence of internal heat source, and the energy transport accounts for heat dissipation using viscous dissipation and Joule heating effect. The mathematical formulation of the problem leads to a set of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. To obtain a similarity solution, similarity variables are introduced. The resulting differential equations are solved numerically using the shooting technique in conjunction with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 45 (RKF‐45) method. Graphical representations are utilized to demonstrate the physical significance of the relevant parameters. The study analyzes the impact of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and entropy distributions for three wedge positions: stationary, forward‐moving, and backward‐moving. The results show that an increase in the wedge angle parameter and Casson parameter leads to an increase in fluid velocity, while fluid entropy increases rapidly with an increase in the Brinkmann number, power law Falkner–Skan parameter, and Reynolds number. Moreover, with an increment in the Prandtl and Eckert number, the Nusselt number coefficient decelerates for both static and moving wedge.

Significance of shape factor on magnetohydrodynamic buoyancy thin film flow of nanofluid over inclined sheet with slip condition: Irreversibility analysis

This work aims to examine the entropy production, heat transport, and dynamics of the unsteady thin film magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a nanofluid composed of alumina (Al2O3) and water. The fluid flow is seen to pass over an inclined sheet, taking into account the effects of buoyancy force, viscous dissipation, and joule heating. The system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is optimized under the boundary layer assumptions. Appropriate transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) and boundary conditions into dimensionless forms. Using MATLAB’s bvp4c code and a local non-similarity technique with up to second-degree truncation, we can obtain the findings of the enhanced model. The effect of multi-shape Al2O3 nanoparticles on flow, heat, and entropy-generating features is also investigated after the calculated results have been successfully aligned with published data. Mixed convection, nanoparticle volume percent, inclination angle, magnetic field intensity, mass suction, Eckert number, and Biot number are only a few of the governing parameters whose effects are graphically shown for selected values. As a result, the local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient may be calculated. The skin friction and Nusselt number profiles exhibit a decreasing trend as the values of nanoparticle volume fraction ([Formula: see text]) magnetic [Formula: see text] and unsteadiness (A) increase toward mixed convection ([Formula: see text]). On the other hand, Nusselt number profile increases with increasing values of mass suction parameter [Formula: see text] The profiles of entropy generation and Bejan number show an upsurge as the values of the magnetic parameter [Formula: see text] and Brinkman number (Br) increase. Conversely, the entropy generation reduces with an increase in the temperature difference parameter [Formula: see text] and Bejan number increases.

A finite difference study of radiative mixed convection MHD heat propagating Casson fluid past an accelerating porous plate including viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects

A finite difference numerical simulation scrutiny is executed to evaluate the combined impacts of heat generation, buoyancy forces, viscous dissipation and Joule heating in unsteady hydro-magnetic mixed convective chemically reactive and radiative Casson fluid flowing along an exponentially accelerating permeable vertical plate engrossed in a porous media by considering ramp surface concentration and temperature. The dimensionless non-linear coupled PDEs describing the flow model are dealt numerically by adopting the competent implicit Crank-Nicolson finite difference procedure. The variance of velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are exposed via graphical representations due to the dissimilarity of the flow restrained parameters. Computational outcomes of the skin-friction, Nusselt and the Sherwood numbers are portrayed in the tabular pattern. The final outcomes of the research exposed that the impacts of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and heat production parameters enlarges the temperature and velocity distributions. The fluid motion deflates for growing Casson parameter and magnetic field intensity. The rising chemical reaction parameter suppresses the concentration and velocity distributions. Very importantly it is distinguished that fluid momentum, temperature, and concentration are quicker in the instance of isothermal plate temperature than ramp wall temperature. This kind of research may find specific industrial and medical utilizations such as glass manufacturing, crude oil purification, lubrication, paper production, blood transport study in cardiovascular design, etc.

Effects of viscous dissipation, gravity modulation and Joule heating on MHD Casson fluid flow over a vertically moving plate with second-order slip velocity

The study of magnetohydrodynamic flow problems for non-Newtonian fluids is significant in many engineering problems. The current inquiry is concerned with a time-dependent, incompressible magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow in a vertically moving plate. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of viscous dissipation, gravity modulation, heat source and Joule heating with second-order slip velocity. Governing equations are converted to non-dimensional ones using appropriate similarity transformations. To solve the altered equations, the perturbation method is applied, together with MATLAB software. The important physical outcome of this research is that the gravity modulation parameter increases the temperature and velocity of fluid inside the boundary layer. The Eckert number enhances the fluid velocity, concentration boundary layer, skin friction and Nusselt number, whereas the temperature boundary layer reduces for heat sink parameter. The permeability of the porous parameter raises the fluid’s concentration. The work of Kodi et al. [2021. “Investigation of MHD Casson Fluid Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate Under the Influence of Thermal Diffusion and Chemical Reaction.” Heat Transfer 51 (1): 377–394] has been expanded in this study by adding the novel effects of gravity modulation, Joule heating and viscous dissipation. In addition, the boundary condition includes second-order slip velocity. The obtained results are compared with Kodi et al. [2021. “Investigation of MHD Casson Fluid Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate Under the Influence of Thermal Diffusion and Chemical Reaction.” Heat Transfer 51 (1): 377–394] and it shows an excellent agreement when added effects are neglected.

Viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects on the unsteady micropolar fluid flow past a horizontal surface of revolution

This study aims to investigate the Joule effect, thermal radiation, and Coriolis effects in unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) micropolar flow over a 3-D unstable sheet. A magnetic field is typically applied to the surface; additionally, it is assumed that the fluid is conducting electricity. Other micro-rotations are also considered. The physical issue is resolved with the help of the fundamental equations, and the issue's complexity is reduced with the use of similarity variables. In the present approach, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed. The heat, skin's friction factor, temperature, micro movements, and velocity associated with the emerging parameters and transfer rates are considered. The boundary layer thickness is increased as the parameter of vorticity increases. When the magnitude of the magnetic field increases, the skin friction coefficient decreases. The state variables are approximated up to six decimal places numerically. The numerical values of −f″(0) and −θ′(0) are computed to higher decimal places and compared with the available literature to validate the results. The outcomes obtained are compared with the available literature; the results here are corroborated, and the performance of the HAM is demonstrated.

Numerical investigation of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow with heat transfer subject to thermal radiation across two coaxial cylinders

Numerically the hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow comprised of aluminum alloys (AA7072 and AA7075) across to coaxial cylinders is reported in the current analysis. The fluid flow has been examined under the significances of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and exponential heat source/sink. The HNF is produced by the addition of AA7072 and AA7075 nanoparticles (NPs) in water. Aluminum alloys are mostly used for the electric module wrapping, electronic machinery, automotive body, solar and wind energy controlling, and energy generation. The flow has been modeled in the form of momentum, continuity, and energy equations. Numerical approach parametric continuation method (PCM) is used to solve the modeled equations. The consequences of flow and energy parameters on the temperature, velocity, skin friction, and Nusselt number have been revealed through figures. It has been noticed that the fluid velocity drops, whereas the energy curve develops with the escalating influence of magnetic field. Furthermore, the rising numbers of AA7072 and AA7075 NPs in the water diminish the fluid velocity and temperature profile. Energy curve accelerates with the growing values of Brinkman number. It can be observed that the energy transmission rate upsurges up to 13.17% by the addition of AA7072 and AA7075 NPs in the water.

Numerical investigations on the entropy generation and heat transfer of an unsteady micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching surface

Studies on stagnation point flow on inclined surfaces have gained momentum in recent times due to its application in a variety of fields. This study aims at the heat transfer properties of an incompressible unsteady stagnation point flow of a non-Newtonian micropolar hybrid nanofluid over an inclined stretching sheet with thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating. The governing equations of the problem are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by employing similarity variables. They are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta 4 th order method along with the shooting approach. Numerical solutions on velocity, microrotation, and temperature distribution along with entropy generation and Bejan number are consolidated graphically and those on heat transfer rate and skin friction coefficient are tabulated. The results indicate that the heat transfer rate is higher in hybrid nanofluid as compared to that of mononanofluid, the angle of inclination of the sheet is unfavorable for the velocity profile, and the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid escalates with a rise in viscous dissipation. Entropy generation rate is reduced when the Hartmann number is increased and the Bejan number diminishes with elevating viscous dissipation. The results were validated using existing studies and comparing heat transfer rate values between the present results and the results obtained from NDSolve.

Role of nanomaterial on irreversibility and heat transport due to stretching surface driven blood flow in the view of Buongiorno and Tiwari-Das models

Several strategies are used to increase the heat transmission capabilities of ordinary fluid. Using metallic nanomaterials thethermal conductivity is modified whichcan improve the energy transport mechanism. Our primary goal is to observe the dual diffusion and volumetric friction of injected nanoparticles in blood flow simultaneously. TheEyring–Powell fluid is speculated as blood on the basis of shear thinner behavior. The entropy formation in the region of stagnationin MHD Eyring–Powell nanofluid flow is scrutinized. The flow is produced by stretchable surface. The impacts of slip mechanism viscous dissipation and melting heating are included in the current analysis. The single and two phase model are used as coupled model to inquire the effects of nanomaterials. System of PDEs are achieved and reduced to ODEs using appropriate variables. The reduced ODEs are solved using RK-4 methodology. It is evident that blood flow is greatly influenced by Lorentz forces and fluid primary parameter. On the other hand, the secondary and increased volumetric rate encourage the flow of blood. The blood temperature is rising function of thermophoresis, Eckert and magnetic parameter. Similar trend for solutal profile was noted against Brownian and Lewis number. The system irreversibility are rising with Brinkman, magnetic and diffusion variable. The coefficient of energy transport rate and frictional drag are rising function of material parameters and volumetric concentration of injected nanomaterial. It is interesting to see that nearly all profile show comparable trend with higher concentration of nanomaterials.

Analytical simulation of Darcy–Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid through cone with nonlinear heat source and chemical reaction

This paper intends to discuss the hybrid nanofluid flow through a cone in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous media, containing base fluid Methanol (CH3OH), nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) and copper (Cu). We have examined the flow under the influences of mixed convection, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, and nonlinear heat source. In hybrid nanofluid flow, viscous dissipation and mixed convection play a crucial role in heat exchangers. By accounting for both mixed convection and viscous dissipation, the addition of nanoparticles into a base fluid improves the transfer of heat and optimizes the performance of the cooling system. Using the laws of conservation, governing equations have been constructed. The flow model is converted using the appropriate similarity transformations from partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. The homotopy analysis method is used to solve the updated system of equations. When Forchheimer inertial drag parameter is increased, the velocity profile decreases, but it rises when the Darcy number is increased. As the value of exponential heat source parameter rises, the temperature profile increases as well. The result exposes that with an increment in nanoparticle volume fraction, temperature profile also rises but velocity profile decreases.

Fluid–structure-interactive elasto- and thermo-hydrodynamics of electrokinetic binary fluid flows in compliant micro-confinements

We explore the intricate two-way fluid structure interaction arising due to the flow of a binary system of immiscible Newtonian fluids, composed of upper electrically conducting and lower electrically insulating fluids, flowing within a compliant microchannel, whose walls behave as linear elastic solids. The transport of the fluids along the domain occurs due to the collective impact of pressure gradient and applied electric field. We solve the closed-form system of equations and obtain semi-analytical expressions for the velocity fields and channel wall deformation from the coupled elasto-hydrodynamic problem. We then delineate the effect of four pivotal parameters: (a) Debye–Hückel parameter κ¯, (b) upper wall slip length, ls¯, (c) viscosity ratio, μr, and (d) elasticity ratio, Nr, on the morphological evolution of the wall deformation characteristics and the spatial distribution of the velocity profile of the fluids. Observations establish a positive co-relationship of wall deformation with fluid pressure, showcasing an increased collapsibility with augmented pressure gradients. Consequently, the channel walls show enhanced deformation with a decrease in κ¯, ls¯, μr and with an increase in Nr. We also demonstrate from our model that by properly tuning the applied pressure gradient and electric field, it is possible to achieve counterflow of the two fluids. We also consider the effect of heat generation in the fluids due to viscous dissipation and Joule heating, which dissipates to the surrounding by the mechanism of conjugate heat transfer. Accordingly, we provide semi-analytical expressions for the temperature profile distribution within the channel, and discuss their variation with three thermo-physical parameters: (a) Biot number of the top wall (Bi1), (b) Peclet number of the top fluid (Pe1), and (c) ratio of the thermal conductivities of the upper conducting fluid to that of the upper solid wall (kr2). We establish from our investigation that with the increase in Pe1 and with the decrease in Bi1 and kr2, the overall system temperature enhances. Finally, in order to design a thermally efficient system, we compute the global entropy generation rate in the system and evaluate optimum values of, Pe1, Bi1, and kr2 for which the system exhibits highest second law efficiency. We expect our findings to contribute toward the development of optimized microfluidic devices fabricated from deformable elastic materials.