Visible Irradiation Research Articles

Facile synthesis of silver doped manganese oxide nanocomposite with superior photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity under visible spectrum

Water pollution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have become two global threats; 80% of diseases and 50% of child deaths are due to poor water quality. In this study, hydrothermal processing was employed to manufacture manganese oxide nanorods. Silver dopant was deposited on the surface of manganese oxide. XRD diffractogram confirmed the facile synthesis of Ag/Mn2O3 nanocomposite. XPS survey analysis demonstrated silver content of 9.43 atom %. Photocatalytic measurements demonstrated the outstanding efficiency of the Ag-Mn2O3 compared to virgin oxide particles under visible radiation. Degradation efficiencies Mn2O3 and Ag/Mn2O3 on methyl orange (MO) dye was found to be 53% and 85% under visible spectrum. Silver dopant was found to decrease the binding energy of valence electrons; this action could support electron–hole pair generation under visible spectrum and could promote catalytic performance. Ag/Mn2O3 NPs demonstrated most effective performance (95% removal efficiency) at pH 3; this could be ascribed to the electrostatic attraction between positively charged catalyst and the negatively charged MO. Ag/Mn2O3 demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (19 mm ZOI), and Gram-negative Escherichiacoli (E. coli) (22 mm ZOI) respectively; the developed nanocomposite demonstrated advanced anti-film activity with inhibition percentage of 95.5% against E. coli followed by 89.5% against S. aureus.

GO/Bi2O2CO3/NiWO4 with Z-scheme heterojunction: Efficiently enhanced degradation of organic pollutants under visible light and DFT studies

A ternary composite of GO/Bi2O2CO3/NiWO4 (GBCNWO) was prepared via an in-situ of Bi2O2CO3 onto the surface of NiWO4 and Bi2O2CO3/ NiWO4 being warped by GO, which was thereafter untilled as catalyst in photodegradation of organic pollutants. The microstructure, and optical properties of all the prepared samples were characterized using various techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, TG-DTG, XPS, UV-Vis, ESR, and N2-adsorption. Amongst the studied samples, GBCNWO possessed the largest specific surface area, which would efficiently afford much more spaces for the exposing of active sites. Results of UV–vis and XPS suggested that GBCNWO was more efficient for the adsorption and conversion of visible light, and photocurrent conduction through graphite carbon ring could lessen the recombination rate of photoelectrons and holes. Also, the minor arc radius of GBCNWO unveiled its lowest photoresistors among the composites, indicating that the GBCNWO structured with GO, Bi2O2CO3 and NiWO4 has synergistic catalysis in the photodegradation. Importantly, 95.15 % of degradation rate was observed under the optimized conditions (pH=7, catalyst weight of 30 mg, 40 mg/L of MB, 25 °C). Additionally, the degradation rate of various substrates followed the order: MB (99.34 %) > ciprofloxacin (97.28 %) > RHB (97.01 %) > indole (27.47 %) > phenol (9.47 %). The quenching experiment and ESR test suggested that three kinds of active species (•OH, •O2− and h+) can be photogenerated during visible light radiation. Among them, •O2− was confirmed as the key species during the photocatalytic process, which could be adduced that the existence of oxygen vacancies made the receiving photoelectrons to reduce O2, forming the superoxide radical. Finally, a Z-scheme mechanism about the production of active radicals was proposed, which was also validated by DFT calculations.

Exploration of lead-free novel double perovskite halides Na2TlBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for flexible memory devices: Using DFT approach

Flexible resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) devices have drawn significant attention due to their low power consumption, high speed and simple structure. Halide perovskites with excellent optoelectronic properties such as high charge carrier mobility and tunable bandgap emerge as the best material for flexible RRAM devices. In this study, for the first time, the structural, mechanical, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of Na2TlBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) were explored using the Wien2k package for flexible RRAM devices. Elastic parameters show that studied perovskites display mechanical stability, ductile nature and anisotropic behaviour with lower values of the bulk modulus. In comparison, Na2TlBiI6 has a smaller bulk modulus which makes it a suitable material for flexible RRAM devices. Furthermore, the large machinability index of Na2TlBiI6 among the studied perovskites highlights its feasibility for industrial applications. The semiconductor nature of Na2TlBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) is confirmed from band structure, total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) calculation. The optical study shows that Na2TlBiI6 can absorb a wide range of ultraviolet and visible electromagnetic incident radiations making it an excellent material for flexible RRAM devices. Lastly, in terms of transport properties at room temperature, Na2TlBiI6 reveals a larger figure of merit (ZT) than other studied perovskites making it a suitable candidate for thermoelectric applications. The outcome of this study suggests that Na2TlBiI6 is the perfect candidate for flexible RRAM devices at room temperature.

Green synthesis of gadolinium-doped bismuth oxide nanoparticles: Exploring their biological and photocatalytic activities

Coldeniaprocumbens leaf extract assisted green synthesis of gadolinium-doped bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Gd-Bi2O3NPs) was demonstrated. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that the Gd-Bi2O3 has nanoflake-like shape with a narrow size distribution of 20–30 nm. FT-IR and XRD analysis confirmed the doping of Gd-ions into Bi2O3 crystal structure. The UV–vis spectral investigation was carried to know the characteristic absorbance peaks and the band gap of Gd-Bi2O3 samples. The antibacterial activity of Gd-Bi2O3 samples was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. The larvicidal activity of Gd-Bi2O3 samples was also evaluated against the mosquito larvae of Aedesaegypti and Aedesalbopictus. Furthermore, the photocatalytic potential of Gd-Bi2O3 samples has been evaluated using malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) dyes under visible light radiation. The green Gd-Bi2O3 samples displayed potent antibacterial, larvicidal, and photocatalytic activities, making them a promising candidate for environmental remediation applications.

Improvement of optical and structural properties of ZIF-8 by producing multifunctional Zn/Co bimetallic ZIFs for wastewater treatment from copper ions and dye

In the paper, high specific surface area (SSA) mono and bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) based on zinc and cobalt metals are successfully synthesized at room temperature using different ratios of Zn to Co salts as precursors and ammonium as a solvent to tailor the properties of the produced ZIF and optimize the efficiency of the particles in water treatment from dye and copper ions, simultaneously. The results declare that monometallic and bimetallic ZIF microparticles are formed using ammonium and the tuning of pore sizes and also increasing the SSA by inserting the Co ions in Zn-ZIF particles is accessible. It leads to a significant increase in the thermal stability of bimetallic Zn/Co-ZIF and the appearance of an absorption band in the visible region due to the existence of Co in the bimetallic structures. The bandgap energies of bimetallic ZIFs are close to that of the monometallic Co-ZIF-8, indicating controlling the bandgap by Co ZIF. Furthermore, the ZIFs samples are applied for water treatment from copper ions (10 and 184 ppm) and methylene blue (10 ppm) under visible irradiation and the optimized multifunctional bimetallic Zn/Co ZIF is introduced as an admirable candidate for water treatment even in acidic conditions.

Mechanical milling assisted synthesis of FePc-gCN nanocomposite photocatalyst: Dye degradation, mechanism and DFT insights

We present here a mechanochemical method for facile synthesis of Iron phthalocyanine (FePc)- graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) composite with varying weight ratio (1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5) of FePc and gCN. The photocatalytic efficiency of FePc-gCN composite for the elimination of various synthetic dyes, viz, Methylene Blue (MB), Congo Red (CR) and Eosin B (EB) in aqueous media were investigated under visible radiation. The sample with FePc:gCN weight ratio of 1:5 resulted in a removal efficiency of 90 % for MB and 75 % for EB, much higher than their individual counterparts. The synergistic interaction, less charge recombination, and smaller charge transfer resistance in FePc-gCN composite contributed to the superior catalytic performances as confirmed from the impedance spectroscopy and the photoluminescence spectroscopy. Moreover, first principle based DFT calculations on the O2 adsorbed FePc-gCN heterostructure predicted a net transfer of |0.11e| charges from Fe to O atom, favoring the generation of super oxide (O2•−) radicals which contributes actively towards degradation of dye pollutants.

Effective Photogeneration of Singlet Oxygen and High Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Porous Mn-Doped ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites

Disperse porous Mn-doped ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites were prepared using the facile polymer-salt method. The effect of Mn content on the crystal structure, composite morphologies, their ability to photogenate the singlet oxygen, luminescence properties, and bactericidal activities were studied. The crystal structure and morphology of these materials were investigated using XRD and SEM analysis. It was found that obtained nanocomposites consist of small (~9 nm) hexagonal ZnO and fine ZrO<sub>2</sub> crystals and the embedding of Mn ions expands the crystal cells of ZnO crystals. Photoluminescence spectra indicate the presence of different structural defects (interstitial Zn ions and oxygen vacancies in ZnO and oxygen vacancies in ZrO<sub>2</sub> crystals). Mn-doped ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites can photogenerate singlet oxygen under visible (λ = 405 nm) irradiation. The increased power density of the exciting blue (λ = 405 nm) light significantly enhances the singlet oxygen photogeneration by prepared composites. The dependence of the intensity of singlet oxygen photogeneration by composites on the power density of exciting radiation (at its variation in the range 0.8 ÷ 1.6 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) is close to linear. Mn-doped ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> composites demonstrate superior antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 209P</em>. It was found that highly dispersed porous Mn-doped ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites are promising for practical environmental and medical applications.

Irradiation of PMMA intraocular lenses by a 365 nm UV lamp

Abstract Intraocular lens (IOL) made on Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been irradiated by a UV lamp at different exposure times, in air and at room temperature. The macromolecular modifications induced in the lens have been investigated using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) coupled to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Optical spectroscopy. Particular attention was devoted to the study of chemical modifications by UV irradiation, which induced chain scissions in the superficial PMMA layers. Results demonstrated that the lens transmission to the visible radiation is not particularly reduced by a long exposition to UV radiation at a fluence of 200 mJ/cm2, up to 19 h.

Photo-assisted selective oxidation of monoterpenes by a covalently supported dioxo-molybdenum complex on TiO2: Effect of electron donor ligands

High-valent dioxo-Mo species have demonstrated the ability to catalyze industrially interesting alkene-to-epoxide transformations via oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions. The impact of electron donor ligands of dioxo-molybdenum complexes [MoO2Ln] covalently supported on TiO2 nanotubes (MoO2Ln/TiO2NT) on OAT to α-pinene, β-pinene, (R)-limonene and camphene has been investigated through the use of UV–vis radiation and molecular oxygen. Molybdenum complexes with electron donor ligands, such as bipyridine, bispyrazole, and terpyridine, exhibited high conversion and selectivity towards epoxide formation. This suggests that electron donation enhances the efficiency of photostimulated OAT. The photonic efficiency (ξ) demonstrates a linear correlation between the ligand structure and the OAT activity, indicating that the electron donation of the ligands enhances electron mobility towards the Mo=O bond. This correlation is evident in the position of the IR and Raman νsym(O=Mo=O) and vasym(O=Mo=O) vibrations of the complex Mo.

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoplate decorated by Co particles immobilized on porous Polycalix[4]resorcinarene for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of drug acetaminophen by light Emitting Diode

The sustainability and feasibility of using visible irradiation in photocatalysis is a promising approach for water purification. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, acetaminophen (ACM), with metal-loaded an efficient photocatalyst (TiO2NPs-Co/Polycalix (Christen et al., 2010) [4]resorcinarene (TCP)) was inv estigated using visible light. photocatalyst structural, surface, and morphological features were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDX, PL, and DRS analyses. Considering various sites of Polycalix (Christen et al., 2010) [4]resorcinarene in the TCP, studied by trapping experiments. A novel charge transfer bridge for electron-hole recombination is made possible by using Co and TiO2 as electron transfer mediators with electronic conductivity. This results in efficient process and energy optimization, which makes it easier for ACM to degrade throughout the absorption process. The ACM (15 and 40 mg/L) achieved complete degradation under visible light irradiation with 0.6 g/L of TCP at pH = 5.0 during 120 min reaction because of the good synergetic effect of the catalyst systems. Additionally, the intermediates generated by photo electrocatalytic activities were identified, and two potential paths for degradation were suggested. Some of these organic products were identified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Oxygen vacancy-suppression strengthened the internal electric field in ZnIn2S4/BiVO4 S-scheme heterojunction to boost photocatalytic removal of aqueous pollutants

The impact of internal electric field intensity (IEF) within step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions is profound on photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the presence of oxygen vacancies in the photocatalysts has a significant influence on their photocatalytic characteristics. Thus, a ZnIn2S4/BiVO4 S-scheme heterojunction was strategically engineered for photocatalytic degradation. The modulation of oxygen vacancy levels in the oxidation photocatalyst (OP) was utilized to adjust the IEF within the S-scheme heterojunctions. BiVO4 with controlled oxygen vacancies was synthesized using a simple approach, and the impact of oxygen vacancies on the charge transfer across the heterojunction was thoroughly examined. Subsequently, various characterization results, verified that the IEF in the heterojunction with suppressed oxygen vacancy levels (10 %BV-600) was stronger, while those with elevated vacancy levels (10 %BV-400) showed weaker IEFs. Comprehensive results confirmed that the S-scheme heterojunction is formed between ZnIn2S4 and BiVO4. Under visible irradiation, the 10 %BV-600 sample demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity, achieving a 96.4 % degradation of methyl orange within 60 min. Intriguingly, the rate constants for methyl orange removal for the 10 %BV-600 sample were approximately 3 and 27 times greater than those of the individual ZnIn2S4 and BiVO4, respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the 10 %BV-400 sample, which had a lower IEF, was inferior to that of the 10 %BV-600 sample. These results underscore the superior photocatalytic capabilities of heterojunctions with a strengthened IEF due to suppressing oxygen vacancy. This work provides insights into the role of oxygen vacancy in regulating IEF intensity in heterojunctions.

Investigation on Deterioration of Allura Red Dye Under Visible Radiation by TiO2 Based Nanocomposite

This current study is to prepare and characterise a Cu-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Cu-doped Titanium dioxide with Tungsten (WO3) nanocomposite and its application for the deterioration of Allura Red (AR) Dye. After preparing the Cu- doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with WO3 and Cu-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites using wet chemical Sol-gel method over various soaking times, the XRD, BET, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were used to determine the properties of the synthesized Copper-doped Titanium dioxide and Copper-doped Titanium dioxide with Tungsten nanocomposites. When Tungsten was added to Cu-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2), the X-Ray Diffraction showed that all of the composites' peaks shifted slightly in the direction of a higher diffraction angle. To evaluate surface area BET curve was used. The Copper-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2)/Tungsten (WO3) nanocomposite gives a significant photocatalytic activity because of its increased surface area. High surface area (BET) and anatase phase development (XRD), which are the main contributors to effective photocatalytic activity, were identified by the work's results. XRD revealed that the synthesised materials were in the anatase phase. Compared to CDT, CTW-15, CTW-30, and CTW-60 nanocomposites, the surface area (BET) of the CTW-45 nanocomposite is larger at 128.79 m2/g. By examining the kinetics of reaction parameters such as dopant concentrations, pH, catalyst dose, and dye concentration, the catalysts were able to determine the ideal conditions for improved photocatalytic degradation of Allura Red dye. At pH 4, dye concentrations of 5 mg/L, and CTW-45 concentrations of 100 mg/L, the percentage of AR dye degradation was greater. The findings of this study can be used to develop efficient nanocomposites that remove Allura Red dye from wastewater.

Synthesis of Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 photocatalyst for the degradation of eosin-Y and methylene blue dye

The importance of the removal of dye from industrial wastewater is increasing day by day, as they contain substances that are carcinogenic and lethal to human beings. Due to their distinctive chemical and physical properties, nanomaterials have received substantial consideration. This study intended to prepare citrate-modified magnetic nanoparticles coated by titania hydrothermally to increase the photocatalytic activity. To characterize the Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles various instrumental techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used. The calculated average particle size of Cit-Fe3O4 was 13.4 nm while after titania covering particle size was changed to 15.8 nm due to the coating TiO2 shell over Fe3O4 which also has been via TEM analysis. The prepared Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles were used to degrade eosin Y (EY) under UV–visible lamp irradiation. The experimental outcomes reveal that the 96 % removal efficiency for EY dye in 70 min and 82 % of MB in 90 min. Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles can be considered reliable photocatalyst as there is a linear relation between the slope of the curve and irradiation time that corresponds to the pseudo-first-order kinetics for both dyes. Furthermore, to eliminate repetitious filtering procedures, Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles were utilized as an excellent photocatalyst for the degradation of textile dyes.

Improving the Water Resistance of Bi‐Based Perovskite‐Inspired Materials for Vapor‐Phase Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting

Lead halide perovskites are well known for their exceptional photophysical and electronic properties, which have placed them at the forefront of challenging optoelectronic applications and solar‐to‐fuel conversion. However, their air/water instability, combined with their toxicity, is still a critical problem that has slowed down their commercialization. In this sense, bismuth‐based halide derivatives attract much interest as a potentially safer, air‐stable alternative. Herein, a novel Bi‐based perovskite‐inspired material, IEF‐19 (IEF stands for IMDEA Energy Framework), which contains a bulky aromatic cation (1,5‐diammonium naphthalene), is prepared. Additionally, an N‐alkylation strategy is successfully employed to achieve four water‐stable perovskite‐inspired materials, which contains diammonium naphthalene cations that are tetra‐alkylated by methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl groups. Moreover, computational studies are performed to gain a deeper understanding of the intrinsic structural stability and affinity of water molecules for Bi‐based perovskite‐inspired materials. Importantly, the air‐ and water‐stable IEF‐19‐Et (i.e., stable at least 12 months under ambient conditions and 3 weeks in contact with water) is found to be an active photocatalyst for vapor‐phase overall water splitting in the absence of any sacrificial agent under both ultraviolet–visible or simulated sunlight irradiation. This material exhibits an estimated apparent quantum yield of 0.08% at 400 nm, partially explained by its adequate energy band level diagram.

Updates on the Molecular Basis of Photoaging in All Skin Types.

Photoaging is a complex, ongoing process that clinically manifests as cutaneous rhytides, atrophy, laxity, dyspigmentation, telangiectasias, roughness, and mottled appearance of the skin. There is an abundance of research establishing the mechanism of ultraviolet (UV) - induced photodamage as it is a significant source of photoaging and skin cancers. While UV damage is known to induce photoaging, it is important to understand how other forms of light radiation also contribute to this process. UV only constitutes 5 to 10% of solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface. The remaining nearly 90% is evenly split between infrared and visible light radiation. Early research shows that varied skin types may elicit different photobiologic responses to light. This article presents the mechanisms and biomarkers of photodamage induced by light from across the spectrum, including UV, visible light, and infrared to better prevent and reverse the damage of photoaging in all skin types.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):504-509.  doi:10.36849/JDD.7438.

An innovative Zn3In2S6/ZnIn2S4 homojunction photocatalyst with enhanced interfacial charge transfer for the highly efficient degradation of tetracycline under visible radiation

The interfacial charge transfer ability is a decisive factor influencing the photocatalytic performance of composite photocatalysts. Compared with heterojunctions that combine two or more semiconductors with different properties, homojunctions that combine two semiconductors with similar properties can accelerate the interfacial charge shift and achieve higher photocatalyticability. In this study, a Zn3In2S6/ZnIn2S4 homojunction photocatalyst (ZIS-5) with a Zn3In2S6 to ZnIn2S4 molar ratio of 5:1 was synthesized by selecting Zn3In2S6 nano-microspheres as the substrate material and growing ZnIn2S4 flocs on the nano-microspheres. The photocatalytic performance of the ZIS-5 homojunction was assessed by using tetracycline (TC) as a typical pollutant. The photocatalytic performance and mineralization rate of the ZIS-5 homojunction were significantly improved compared with those of Zn3In2S6 and ZnIn2S4, and its photocatalytic performance was increased by 10.2% and 20.9%, compared with Zn3In2S6 and ZnIn2S4, respectively, while the mineralization rate was enhanced by 22.78% and 43.28%, respectively. The results of the comparison experiment revealed that the interfacial electron transfer ability of the ZIS-5 homojunction is 1.6 times that of the g-C3N4/ZnIn2S4-5 heterojunction. The density functional theory (DFT) computation and Mott–Schottky plots verified the formation of an internal electric field. The toxicity analysis showed that the ZIS-5 homojunction system effectively reduced the toxicity of TC. This work supplies a valuable route for inventing catalysts with efficient photocatalytic performances.

Sustainable photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics using Ag–CoFe2O4@TiO2 heteronanostructures for eco-friendly wastewater remediation

Developing high-performance and durable catalysts presents a significant challenge for oxidizing toxic inorganic and pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater. Recently, there has been a surge in the development of new heterogeneous catalysts for degrading pharmaceutical compounds, driven by advancements in electrocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts. In this study, a plasmonic Ag nanoparticles decorated CoFe2O4@TiO2 heteronanostructures have been successfully designed to fabricate a high-performing photoelectrode for the oxidation of pharmaceutical compounds. The developed Ag–CoFe2O4@TiO2 possessed a higher electrochemical stability and effectively harvested the UV to visible and NIR radiation in sunlight which generates the enormous photochemical reactive species that involved in the oxidation of ibuprofen in wastewater. Under direct sunlight irradiation, Ag–CoFe2O4@TiO2 achieved complete oxidation of ibuprofen in wastewater at 0.8 V vs RHE. This indicates that metallic Ag nanoparticles are involved in the charge separation and transport of charge carriers from the photoactive sites of CoFe2O4@TiO2, promoting the generation of abundant hydroxy, oxy, and superoxide radicals that actively break the bonds of ibuprofen. Additionally, oxidation agents such as urea and H2O2 were utilized to enhance the formation of superoxide ions and hydroxyl radicals, which rapidly participate in the oxidation of ibuprofen. Significantly, testing for recyclability confirmed the stability of the Ag–CoFe2O4@TiO2 photoanode, ensuring its suitability for prolonged use in photoelectrochemical advanced oxidation processes. Integrating Ag–CoFe2O4@TiO2 photoanodes into water purification systems could enhance economic feasibility, reduce energy consumption, and improve efficiency.

Green synthesis of bismuth vanadate nanostructures for efficient photocatalytic and biological studies

In the current investigation, BiVO4 nanoparticles were prepared via a simple combustion approach followed by annealing at 400°C using rain tree pod extract. The physicochemical and morphological features were examined through spectroscopic techniques. Optical studies were carried out using a UV–visible spectrophotometer, revealing a bandgap of 2.4 eV. Photocatalytic efficiency was assessed through degradation studies using methylene blue (MB) dye under visible photon irradiation, demonstrating an impressive 94 % degradation rate. Consequently, this synthesized bismuth vanadate serves as an outstanding photocatalyst under visible irradiation. Furthermore, these nanoparticles exhibited favorable responses in antifungal, antibacterial, and molecular docking studies. Bismuth vanadate nanoparticles had substantial antifungal efficacy, with the Bi2 version successfully suppressing Aspergillus Niger at a 50 % concentration. At 100 mg/ml, Bi2 showed a 6 mm zone of inhibition against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and a 5 mm zone against Gram-negative Escherichia coli for antibacterial evaluation. The protein 7BLY and Bismuth vanadate had four hydrogen bond interactions and a strong binding affinity, as shown by molecular docking, of −5.0 Kcal/mol. Therefore, bismuth vanadate nanoparticles synthesized through green methods show promise in combating fungal and bacterial infections, as well as potential applications in various fields.

Photocatalytic performance of water-soluble nucleobase-functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite against methyl blue dye

This report indicates the applicability of an ecofriendly and low cost modified MoS2 nanocomposite as photocatalytic degradation of organic dye from wastewater. The synthesized MoS2 nanocomposite, specifically the Cy-80 % and E-MoS2, demonstrated a high photodegradation efficiency of methyl blue dye in wastewater under UV light irradiation. The incorporation of a nucleobase-containing polymer within the MoS2 structure led to enhanced photocatalytic performance by creating separate wide surface areas and abundant active sites for efficient electron-hole pair separation. The obtained nanocomposite showed superior degradation efficiency compared to aqueous phase exfoliated MoS2 alone (75.6 %), with a photodegradation efficiency of up to 98.7 % within 60 min of UV light irradiation. Furthermore, the Cy-PPG modified MoS2 nanocomposite exhibited significant degradation efficiency over multiple cycles, making it a promising material for the degradation of dye-containing wastewater using visible irradiation sources.

Structural and Optical Characterization of Porous NiV2O6 Films Synthesized by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis for Photodetector Applications.

NiV2O6 thin films were grown on glass slides with varying thicknesses using nebulizer spray pyrolysis. The impact of thickness on the thin films' optical, structural, morphological, and electrical characteristics was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman analysis confirmed the formation of the triclinic NiV2O6 system. Surface morphology and roughness variations in the as-deposited NiV2O6 films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer. Optical properties, including optical band gap (Eg), extinction coefficient (k), absorption coefficient (α), and refractive index (n), were determined through optical reflectance and transmittance measurements. The optical energy gap of the as-deposited NiV2O6 films decreased from 2.02 eV to 1.58 eV with increased layer thickness. Furthermore, the photo-detectivity of the films demonstrated an enhancement corresponding to the prolonged spray time. The sensitivity values obtained for visible irradiation were 328, 511, and 433 for samples S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The obtained results can be imputed to the specific porous microstructure.