Virudhunagar District Research Articles

Groundwater Characterization and Quality Assessment by using GIS and Geo Statistics from Pandalgudi Region, Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu, India

Groundwater Characterization and Quality Assessment by using GIS and Geo Statistics from Pandalgudi Region, Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu, India

Comparative Growth Performance of Vembur Sheep in Its Breeding Tract

Growth performance of Vembur sheep breed under farm (Instructional Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu) and farmers ’flocks in its home tract (Thoothukudi and Virudhunagar districts) was studied. The birth weights of lambs maintained in the Instructional farm were 2.80±0.03 and 2.67±0.03 kg, respectively for males and females. The corresponding values in the farmers ’flocks were 2.72±0.06 and 2.57±0.03 kg, respectively. The overall average daily gains during 0–12 months of age at Instructional farm and farmers ’holdings were 53.50±1.12 and 50.05±2.39 g, respectively for male lambs and 50.10±0.84 and 45.97±1.07 g respectively for female lambs. Provision of better nutrition, health care and strict adoption of scientific practices is essential for higher average daily t gain under field conditions.

<i>Aedes</i> Indices and Their Significance on the Evaluation of the Dengue Control Activities in Rajapalayam Municipality of Tamil Nadu, India

This study was proposed to understand the significance of Aedes indices, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI) for the evaluation of dengue control in Rajapalayam municipality of Tamil Nadu, India.Rajapalayam Municipality is situated in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu, India (Latitude 9 ° 45’N; Longitude 77 ° 55’E). The basic epidemiological stratification was made in wards based on deaths and number of Ig-M positive cases of dengue. To collect data on Aedes indices, door to door cross sectional entomological surveillance was carried out in houses and their peri-domestic areas up to 200 meters. It is expressed in terms of percent HI, CI and BI (absolute number). These data were taken to evaluate the impact of the strategy implemented in Rajapalayam municipality. Necessary statistical analysis was made by the SPSS IBM Company, Chicago-3, and USA. The following results have been arrived from the study were: 1 stratification or delimitation is the foremost step to prioritize like high, moderate and low magnitude based on criteria prevailed in a place of outbreak to implement appropriate interventions. 2 The incubation of dengue serovars in human (3-14 days) is related to determine the days required for halting the outbreak. 3 Times taken to control measures exceeded 14 ± 1 days shown lacunae in our intervention. 4 Degrees of involvement among workers and supervisors in dengue control lead to halting the outbreak in time. 5 And also learnt that the thresholds of Aedes indices have been taken in part to stop the dengue outbreak. Stratification or delimitation is the prime tool to understand the magnitude of the problem in an outbreak. Aedes indices and their threshold are still effective evaluating tools along with their attributes.

A Study of Investment Behavior of Households in Virudhunagar District

Investment of hard earned money is a crucial activity of every human being. Investment is the commitment of funds which have been saved from current consumption with the hope that some benefits will be received in future. Thus, it is a reward for waiting for money. Savings of the people are invested in assets depending on their risk and return demands, safety of money, liquidity, the available avenues for investment, various financial institutions, etc. On the other hand, the savings provide capital to industry, economic development to the country. In developing country like India, household savings is the major source of capital for economic activities. The study helps to understand the knowledge and behavior of households, the major provider of funds to economic activities of the country. Hence, a study of investment behavior of households has made with the objective of understanding the level of knowledge of households about investment.

Evaluation of Weather based Crop Insurance Products for <i>Kharif</i> Rice

Background/Objectives: WBCIS products proposed by three insurance providers were evaluated using historical weather data for kharif rice in Dharmapuri, Theni, Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar districts of Tamil Nadu. Rice is sensitive to moisture stress at reproductive stage as it consumes large amount of water during the major part of reproductive phase. Results/ Findings: Evaluation of the strike events revealed that all the study districts are highly vulnerable to deficit rainfall risk. The soil factor and the intensity of rainfall during critical stages of the crops must be considered for excess rainfall. Water holding capacity of the soil and the daily ET must be taken into account for consecutive dry days. Conclusion/Application: Hypothetical analysis showed that the product designed by AIC for Virudhunagar was reliable both in terms of threshold values and compensation rate per mm of rainfall under different phases of crop growing period. This could be supported through higher monetary returns benefited by the farmer at Virudhunagar district.

A Study of E-CRM Services of Commercial Banks in Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu

Internet is an excellent example of a worldwide cooperative movement that is quickly spanning across countries. A few years ago Electronic Customers Relationship Management (E-CRM) was only for establishing relationship between enterprise and its customers. Today it is an integral part of the information technology strategy for banking industry. Most of the E-CRM developments are taking place in the E-Commerce domain whether B2B (Business to Business) or B2C (Business to Commerce). So now banks identify this internet banking as their thrust area. Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) enables to store customer information in computers and they can be retrieved at the click of a button. These arrangements are becoming popular among private, public and foreign banks. This is what makes E-CRM in banking a challenging proposition. For example, bankers can make up queries on the fly, searching for the information that lasts them identify which customers to target with a new product or to find out which bank branches have high loan default rates. Users can just as easily save their search queries and use them as templates to gene rate additional query reports from the save data metrics. At the back end, the system provides analysis that can be tied to geographic, product, channel and customer dimensions. Bankers might need to address customers’ queries at a more personal level to convince them of the benefits and enable them to use the services to their fullest extent. This paper deals with customer’s opinion about E-CRM services of commercial banks in virudhunagar district

Empowerment of Self Help Group Members of Virudhunagar District Through Vocational Trainings on Mushroom Production

Mushroom production can play a significant role to eradicate malnutrition, alleviate poverty and create employment opportunity for unemployed farm women in rural area. Vocational Training programme is generally conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras with a goal that the trainee becomes an entrepreneur based on the acquired knowledge and skill. The vocational training programmes were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Virudhunagar district to empower income generating ability of Self Help Groups (SHGs). Out of twelve SHGs trained, twenty five women from eight different SHGs were randomly selected for the present study. Findings of the study revealed that most of the trainees were in the age group of 21–35 yrs of age. Majority of them (36%) were having education up to middle followed by matriculation (28%). Four respondents (16%) were landless, more than half (64%) of these mushroom producers were small and marginal farm women and five (20%) were medium farm women. Total cost for mushroom production per unit was Rs. 44,823/- and gross income was Rs. 1,35,000/-. Hence each respondent may get Rs. 90,000/- as net income from their own unit every year. The mode of marketing was mainly direct sale in the unit itself, door delivery and local sale etc.

Assessing the Performance of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL) in District Virudhunagar of Tamilnadu

This study was designed in order to evaluate the yield performance and market preference of three French bean varieties namely Arka Komal, Arka Suvidha and Arka Anoop in Virudhunagar district. The green pod yield was more or less similar in Arka Anoop (185q/ha) and Arka Suvidha (180q/ha) due to their yield contributing traits namely number of primary branches per plant, 4.06 and 4.18; number of green pods per plant, 16.60 and 19.08 and green pod length, 15.32 and 17.00 in Arka Anoop and Arka Suvidha, respectively as compared to farmer's choice of variety. Even though the green pod yield was recorded more in Arka Anoop, the net return and

The hydro - chemical and microbial analysis of ground water samples in two different districts of Madurai and Virudhunagar Districts, Tamil Nadu, India

The hydro - chemical and microbial analysis of ground water samples in two different districts of Madurai and Virudhunagar Districts, Tamil Nadu, India

A Study on Customerss Attitude Towards Credit Card Services of Banks in Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India

Banks have recently introduced the credit card system. Credit cards are issued to good customers, having current or savings accounts, for free of charges. The credit card enables a customer to purchase goods or services from certain retail or service establishments up to a certain limit with out making immediate payment. The establishments could be paid by the bank for operating the transaction. The bank assumes the risk and responsibility of collecting the dues from the customers. Hence, the present study identifies the credit card services of banks, brings out the main purposes of using credit card and provides a clear insight on the attitude of the credit card users.

Use of ICT Based Resources and Services Among the Users of Arts and Science Colleges in Virudhunagar District: A Study

The present paper explains about the ICT resources and their use by the faculty members, research scholars and students in the Arts and Science colleges of Virudhunagar District. Developments in ICT have made significant impact on all spheres of human life. The data is collected through a questionnaire to study the information needs of the faculty members, research scholars and various students in Arts and Science colleges of Virudhunagar District. This paper describes the use of ICT based resources and services by the faculty members, research scholars and students. The paper also discusses the awareness adequacy, purpose, usefulness, and satisfaction level of using ICT based resources among the users of arts and science colleges in Virudhunagar District. ICT has introduced new methods of teaching and conducting research in education facilities for online learning, teaching and research collaboration. This paper has revealed that the ICTs available in Arts and Science Colleges in Virudhunagar District are more helpful in fulfilling their information needs. There is a need to train the faculty members, research scholars and students in use the ICT.

The Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Socio-Economic Status of Employees in Private Sector Commercial Banks in Virudhunagar District

The role of banking sector continuous to grow in a developing economy like India. The productivity of banking industry is associated with the efficiency of the employees. Quality of work life is one of the newer concepts experimenting how to make effective utilization of human resources. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of quality work life of employees in private sector commercial banks in virudhunagar district, and to investigate the relationship between quality of work life and some socio-economic status among them.

Problems and Prospects of Self Help Groups Products Marketing in Virudhunagar District

Today Self Help Groups (SHGs) are involved in multifarious economic activities with substantial success and face many marketing problems. With a view to analyse the marketing problems of Self Help Groups products and marketing strategy adopted by Self Help Groups, the researcher has made an attempt to study this area. For the purpose of this study, primary data collected with the help of the questionnaire, the relevant secondary data collected form various sources like Books, Publications, Journals , Periodicals, Reports, Newspaper and Internet. Based on relevant primary and secondary data Percentage Analysis, Hypotheses, Garret ranking and Weighted Arithmetic Mean used to findout socio-economic characteristics of women SHGs members in Virudhunagar district and examine reasons for selecting marketing and the factors influencing the marketing problems of SHGs products. The study found reasons and factors influencing marketing problems. These findings may be of use to SHGs to know the need of update knowledge and marketing strategy and providing suggestions and recommendations for improvement. The study conclude that the government must take necessary measure to improve their conditions through proper training and contribute for their development and for the progress of the district, state and nation and also the SHGs members should be able to withstand all risks for becoming efficient marketers.

Diversity of Rotifers of Rajapalayam Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India

A study on the diversity of rotifers was carried out in seasonal and perennial ponds of Rajapalayam taluk, Virudhunagar district, for a period of 8 months from July 2007 to February 2008. During the study, 45 species of rotifers belonging to 10 families were documented. Among the 45 species, 11 are new records for the state and the recording of Brachionus donneri after its first description from the state is noteworthy.

Occupational Stress among Pandyan Grama Bank Employees in Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India.

The study aimed to investigate the occupational stress among pandyan grama bank employees in Virudhunager District. The sample for the study consisted of 165 of the respondents. While 10 fell under senior manager III grade, 35 came under senior manager II grade, 90 were of officer I grade and the remaining 30 fell under the clerical grade. The study objectives are to measure the level of stress among the employees of Pandyan Grama Bank in Virudhunager District, to analyze the causal factors of stress among the employees, to study the consequences of stress of employees. The following statistical tools are used for the analysis of research data. Percentage analysis, Chi-square test, Rank order rating scale, Garett Ranking Method, Mean Score Analysis-Likert 5 point scale and ANOVA. The research design chosen is descriptive as the study reveals the existing facts. Descriptive research is the study which describes the characteristics of a particular individual or a group. The present study reveals that stress in work setting stems from different sources such as individuals, group, organizational, and environmental. Though the precise impact of stress is difficult to predict, it adversely affects the physiological, psychological and behavioural aspects of employees experiencing to it. Effects of stress vary from employee to employee depending on their resilience capacity, perception of stimuli, prior experience to it, and complexity of task to be performed. The study suggests that stress can be managed at both the individual level and the organizational level. Individual approaches to manage stress include exercise, behavioral control, proper diet, meditation, relaxation and the like.

Management and physical features of migratory Pulikulam cattle of Tamil Nadu

The Pulikulam cattle are maintained as migratory herds in Madurai, Sivagangai and Virudhunagar districts of Tamil Nadu. This cattle population is famous for a local game Jellicut. The population has not been included in the list of recognized cattle breeds of India, though documented by the state government in its gazettes for the last 100 years. The population of Pulikulam cattle in the breeding tract was expected to be more than 50,000. The Pulikulam cattle are strong and active with compact body and short legs. The cows are generally grey/white in coat colour; the bulls are dark grey. Biometry included 9 different body measurements in different age and sex groups. The average age at first calving was 4 to 4.5 years with a calving interval of 1.5 to 2 years. On an average the bulls start mating at the age of 3.0 to 3.5 years and used for breeding up to 10 years of the age. The life span of the animals was around 20 years with life time number of calving of 8–10. Milking was done only in 10–15% lactating cows in a herd to meet out the requirement of herdsmen and their families. It was observed that the average daily milk yield of Pulikulam cow was ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 kg. Animals of this breed are playing a significant role in the rural livelihood of communities rearing them for draught and organic agricultural production especially of spices. This cattle population should be registered and included in the recognized list of cattle breeds.

Tank Yield Estimation using Flow Routing and GIS Techniques

The surface water storage structure, small in capacity known as tank in South Asian Countries, is one of the main hydrologic units. It stores water due to rainfall on its catchment and is released for fulfilling various needs. The estimation of tank catchment yield will be more essential for southern parts of Indian peninsula since several tanks exist over wide area. In this study, estimation of tank catchment yield is carried by time–area method of flow routing using geographical information system (GIS). Time–area method utilizes a convolution of the effective rainfall hyetograph with the service of time–area diagram. Duraiswamipuram tank at Sindapalli Uppodai sub basin of Vaippar Basin, situated in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu, India is selected for the study. It receives water from free catchment alone. The catchment area, water spread area and drainage pattern of the Duraiswamipuram tank are calculated with the capabilities of GIS. Capacity survey of the tank is conducted using Global Positioning System (GPS) and utilized to develop stage against capacity curve. The tank water level at the end of each storm event is observed and converted into volume of water reaching the tank with the help of stage-capacity curve. The validation of the model is carried out by comparing the estimated storage and the observed storage obtained from the capacity curve and measured water levels in the tank.

EFFECT OF HERBAL EXTRACTS ON THE MICROBIAL PATHOGENS CAUSING FLACHERIE AND MUSCARDINE DISEASES IN THE MULBERRY SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI L.

ABSTRACT A preliminary survey on the incidence of silkworm diseases in ten selected sericulture farms near Srivilliputhur, a hub of sericulture activity in the Virudhunagar district of Tamilnadu, India showed that the incidence of the bacterial diseases, flacherie is quiet common in this region followed by the fungal diseases, muscardine and the viral diseases, Grassarie. Biochemical characterization of the microbes in the haemolymph of diseased silkworm collected during the survey indicated the presence of Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the culture. The nature of fungal species however, could not be ascertained due to several handicaps including the difficulties encountered during their culture. Studies were carried out in vitro to assess the efficacy of some herbal extracts for the containment of these microbes through turbidimetry analysis and zone of inhibition test. The observations made during this study revealed that the aqueous and alcoholic crude extracts of three herbs such as, Acalypha indica, Ocimum sanctum and Tridax procumbens are effective against these microbes causing flacherie and muscardine diseases in silkworm. The comparison of their effects indicated that alcoholic extracts were generally more effective than aqueous extracts and that the extracts of Tridax procumbens are very effective against these microbial pathogens followed by the extracts from Ocimum sanctum and Acalypha indica. Extensive studies using these extracts on the growth and cocoon production of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. are likely to throw much light on the possibility of using such extracts as a prophylactic measure during silkworm rearing to improve silk production.

Information Seeking Behaviour of Social Science Researchers in Madurai Kamaraj University and its Affiliated Colleges in Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu: A Study

This paper attempts to study the information seeking behavior of Social science researchers in Madurai Kamaraj University and its affiliated colleges in Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu. Information has the power only when it is transferred and communicated. This study analyse the time spent by the users on accessing the resources, identify the types of information used by the users and to identify the users’ opinion on collection of library resources in the institutions under study. The study showed that opinion about the library services are good and the introduction of ICT and maintenance of changes in the application of ICT in library management is quite required to get the information with high bandwidth.

Documentation and quantitative analysis of the local knowledge on medicinal plants among traditional Siddha healers in Virudhunagar district of Tamil Nadu, India

India has a population with high degree of medical pluralism. Siddha system of Indian traditional medicine is practiced dominantly by the people in Tamil Nadu. The traditionally trained Siddha healers still play an important role in the rural health care. Their knowledge is comparatively more vulnerable than the documented traditional knowledge. Thus, the present study was aimed to document and quantitatively analyze the local knowledge of the traditional Siddha healers in Virudhunagar district of Tamil Nadu, India. The results presented in this paper are the outcome of series of interviews conducted between January and August, 2010 consisting of 196 field days. After getting prior informed consent, interviews were conducted and successive free-listing was used in the interviews in order to make informants cite the medicinal plants that they have used. By this way 96 healers were interviewed and their data were quantitatively analyzed using various indices such as Informant Consensus Factor (F(ic)), Fidelity Level (FL), Informant Agreement on Remedies (IAR) and Cultural Importance Index (CII). This study recorded the ethno-medicinal usage of 227 species which were used to prepare 611 formulations for the treatment of 36 illness categories. The knowledge holders had the experience of minimum 20 years. There was unevenness in male-female ratio. Regarding the medicinal plants, easily available plants were holding significantly high number of citations, IAR and CII values. Nine illness categories had a high F(ic) value, compared to others. Species with high citations in these groups were Moringa oleifera (aphrodisiacs), Acalypha indica (dermatological ailments), Dodonaea viscosa (musculo-skeletal disorders), Solanum trilobatum (pulmonary ailments), Phyllanthus amarus (jaundice), Piper nigrum (adjuvant) Allium cepa (hemorrhoids), Azadirachta indica (antiseptic) and Tribulus terrestris (urinary ailments). Quantitative analysis of the data had revealed that the easily available species hold a high consensus and cultural importance. Future biomedical studies using the medicinal plants enumerated in this study, particularly those with high number of citations and high F(ic) values might yield some novel prototypes. Such studies will also be useful to assess the efficacy and safety of these herbal treatments to take decisions on the health care of rural India.