Virtual Graphics Research Articles

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ НА ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЗА ВИРТУАЛНА И ДОБАВЕНА РЕАЛНОСТ С ИЗКУСТВЕН ИНТЕЛЕКТ В ПРОЕКТНАТА ДЕЙНОСТ В УЧИЛИЩЕ

Virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) technologies can be extremely useful in the school environment, especially when combined with artificial intelligence (AI). The implementation of educational projects, through the integration of AI/artificial intelligence/ with virtual and augmented reality /VR, AR/ helps to:increase students’ interest in the learning material; formation of new competencies; increasing students’ motivation for independent educational and cognitive activity; activation of educational activity; formation of positive motivation for personal and professional growth; creating conditions for the development of personal qualities (crea vity, teamwork, etc.). AR is a technology that makes it possible to generate virtual environments that overlap a real environment in a direct or indirect way, allowing the interaction of reality with the visualization of virtual graphics. While virtual reality offers a simulation of a completely computer-generated perception, augmented reality is the integration of digital information with the user’s environment. Unlike virtual reality, which creates a completely artificial environment, augmented reality uses the existing environment and overlays new information on it.

AUGUMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN EDUCATION

Virtual reality is defined as the person who using the VR feels the imaginary world created by computer technology as a real world. VR games mostly used all over the world. Augmented reality person sees the real world by adding some extra virtual graphics, sound, images that are created by computer technology, social media filters. The AR application development in educational setting in the past twenty-five year passed and the tool I three-dimensional anatomy. In the year (1995 – 2009) 80 AR studies in education published that are reported by web of science (WOS). Educational institutions trying to develop VR in few years, to teach with virtual environment by visualize in physical classroom. Virtual laboratories, medical scenarios holographic optical elements (HOEs) and lithography-enabled devices are introduced in AR and VR. And some basic structure of AR and VR headsets. In current years, several researchers have concerned with implementing AR and VR technologies in the(lit) plan management domain, where these technologies have displayed a major contribution to the development of the interpretation plan management aspects in countless areas. The use of immersive netnography is crucial for conducting thorough service experience studies regarding AR, VR and metaverse from a phenomenological perspective KEYWORDS Augmented reality, virtual reality, education, holographic optical element, lithography enabled devices, headsets, virtual environment, construction project management immersive netnography, covid-19 on virtual guitar

Exploring the use of data compression for accelerating machine learning in the edge with remote virtual graphics processing units

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) devices are usually low performance nodes connected by low bandwidth networks. To improve performance in such scenarios, some computations could be done at the edge of the network. However, edge devices may not have enough computing power to accelerate applications such as the popular machine learning ones. Using remote virtual graphics processing units (GPUs) can address this concern by accelerating applications leveraging a GPU installed in a remote device. However, this requires exchanging data with the remote GPU across the slow network. To address the problem with the slow network, the data to be exchanged with the remote GPU could be compressed. In this article, we explore the suitability of using data compression in the context of remote GPU virtualization frameworks in edge scenarios executing machine learning applications. We use popular machine learning applications to carry out such exploration. After characterizing the GPU data transfers of these applications, we analyze the usage of existing compression libraries for compressing those data transfers to/from the remote GPU. Our exploration shows that transferring compressed data becomes more beneficial as networks get slower, reducing transfer time by up to 10 times. Our analysis also reveals that efficient integration of compression into remote GPU virtualization frameworks is strongly required.

Comparing computer-assisted learning activities for learning clinical neuroscience: a randomized control trial

BackgroundComputer-assisted learning has been suggested to improve enjoyment and learning efficacy in medical education and more specifically, in neuroscience. These range from text-based websites to interactive electronic modules (eModules). It remains uncertain how these can best be implemented. To assess the effects of interactivity on learning perceptions and efficacy, we compared the utility of an eModule using virtual clinical cases and graphics against a Wikipedia-like page of matching content to teach clinical neuroscience: fundamentals of stroke and cerebrovascular anatomy.MethodsA randomized control trial of using an interactive eModule versus a Wikipedia-like page without interactivity was performed. Participants remotely accessed their allocated learning activity once, for approximately 30 min. The primary outcome was the difference in perceptions on enjoyability, engagement and usefulness. The secondary outcome was the difference in learning efficacy between the two learning activities. These were assessed using a Likert-scale survey and two knowledge quizzes: one immediately after the learning activity and one repeated eight weeks later. Assessments were analysed using Mann–Whitney U and T-tests respectively.ResultsThirty-two medical students participated: allocated evenly between the two groups through randomisation. The eModule was perceived as significantly more engaging (p = 0.0005), useful (p = 0.01) and enjoyable (p = 0.001) by students, with the main contributing factors being interactivity and clinical cases. After both learning activities, there was a significant decrease between the first and second quiz scores for both the eModule group (-16%, p = 0.001) and Wikipedia group (-17%, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in quiz scores between the eModule and Wikipedia groups immediately afterwards (86% vs 85%, p = 0.8) or after eight weeks (71% vs 68%, p = 0.7).ConclusionOur study shows that increased student satisfaction associated with interactive computer-assisted learning in the form of an eModule does not translate into increased learning efficacy as compared to using a Wikipedia-like webpage. This suggests the matched content of the passive webpage provides a similar learning efficacy. Still, eModules can help motivate self-directed learners and overcome the perceived difficulty associated with neuroscience. As computer assisted learning continues to rapidly expand among medical schools, we suggest educators critically evaluate the usage and cost–benefit of eModules.

Emphasis on Material Appearance by A Combination of Dehazing and Local Visual Contrast

Material appearance is a perceptual phenomenon that the brain interprets from the retinal image. Though, it is not easy to analyze what features of optical images are effectively related to the stimulus inside the visual cortex. For this reason, an intuitive or heuristic approach has been taken to simulate the material appearance. The simulation results are expected to drive innovation for not only traditional craft or plastic arts industry but also more realistic picture displays on 4K/8K HDTV and Virtual Reality or Computer Graphics. Optical surface property of material is modeled by BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function). Specular S and Diffusion D components are responsible for the "glossiness" and "texture" and are used to emphasize the material appearance by simply adjusting the mixing ratio. This study introduces the following two key models to emphasize the material appearance of a given image without using such measuring means as BRDF and discusses how they work individually and cooperatively. (1) α-based Dehazing model to emphasize clarity, wetness, gloss. (2) β-based Contrast model to emphasize texture, roughness.

The introduction of immersive technologies reduces the likelihood of accidents in the industry

The causes of industrial accidents are most often based on the human factor. Industrial companies today strive for zero injuries, so they try to improve the quality of employee training. To achieve these goals, many of them implement solutions based on immersive technologies in the production process. For example, simulators for training employees to work with equipment based on virtual reality (VR) or three-dimensional graphics (3-dimensional, 3D). Such technologies replace the practice of working on real equipment and allow you to develop skills more deeply in a safe environment. In addition, with the help of virtual reality, you can simulate any emergency situations that are unacceptable to create on real objects. All this subsequently helps to reduce the negative impact of the human factor in production, which means that it reduces the likelihood of injuries, accidents or even deaths at enterprises.

인터랙티브 미디어 기반 체험형 콘텐츠의 제작기법

오늘날 예술과 기술이 융합된 사회로 거듭나며 ICT 기술들이 예술 작품에 활용되고 있고, 그 중 이용자와의 상호작용으로 완성되는 인터랙티브 아트가 각광받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터랙티브 미디어와 활용된 제작 기법인 증강현실에 대해 다루며, 역할갈등을 주제로 한 전시 "WAI project"를 중심으로 인터랙티브 미디어에 기반한 체험형 콘텐츠를 제안한다. 그리고 기술을 활용한 체험형 콘텐츠 제작 기법과 이용자와의 상호작용을 검증하고자 하였으며, 이용된 제작 기법은 실제 환경에 가상의 그래픽이 융합된 증강현실과 실시간 비디오합성으로 각각 유니티와 vvvv를 활용해 제작한다. 마지막으로 이용자와의 상호작용을 확인하기 위해 설문조사를 실시했으며 도출한 결과를 토대로 체험형 콘텐츠의 향후 보완점과 적합성을 분석한다. Through convergenced on Art and technology, ICT is being used in art works. Interactive art that is completed through interaction with users is in the spotlight. In addition, we deal with interactive media and augmented reality, which are production technologies. And Focusing on the exhibition "WAI Project" on the theme of role conflict, we propose experience-based content based on interactive media. The production technique used is augmented reality and real-time video synthesis in which virtual graphics are fused to the real environment, and is produced using Unity and vvvv, respectively. Finally, a survey was conducted to confirm the interaction with users, and based on the results derived, the future complementary points and suitability of the experience-based content were analyzed.

Mobile augmented reality technology for design and implementation of library document push system

Through mobile augmented reality interaction, the library can keep abreast of the user’s current information orientation and lay the foundation for the further establishment of a personal information database. At the same time, on the basis of network interaction, it plays a good guiding role for the construction of library document resources, ensuring the effective use of document resources. This paper analyzes the key technologies of the mobile augmented reality system, including virtual graphics rendering technology, camera tracking and positioning technology, display technology and so on. To solve the problem of human error caused by design deviation in the current mobile augmented reality library document push, a new data visualization and interactive design process is proposed. On the basis of analyzing user needs and comparing augmented reality library document push with traditional library document push, the demand is transformed into tasks. We use a combination of overview and detail to lay out the visual elements. The progressive interactive method is used to organize discrete data views and generate interactive interfaces. The system test results show that the library document pushing system designed in this paper can effectively reduce the memory consumption of the system, improve the refresh frame rate of the view and improve the user’s interactive fluency.

Differences in Three Vection Indices (Latency, Duration, and Magnitude) Induced by "Camera-Moving" and "Object-Moving" in a Virtual Computer Graphics World, Despite Similarity in the Retinal Images.

To create a self-motion (vection) situation in three-dimensional computer graphics (CG), there are mainly two ways: moving a camera toward an object (“camera moving”) or by moving the object and its surrounding environment toward the camera (“object moving”). As both methods vary considerably in the amount of computer calculations involved in generating CG, knowing how each method affects self-motion perception should be important to CG-creators and psychologists. Here, we simulated self-motion in a virtual three-dimensional CG-world, without stereoscopic disparity, which correctly reflected the lighting and glare. Self-motion was induced by “camera moving” or by “object moving,” which in the present experiments was done by moving a tunnel surrounding the camera toward the camera. This produced two retinal images that were virtually identical in Experiment 1 and very similar in Experiments 2 and 3. The stimuli were presented on a large plasma display to 15 naive participants and induced substantial vection. Three experiments comparing vection strength between the two methods found weak but significant differences. The results suggest that when creating CG visual experiences, “camera-moving” induces stronger vection.

3D Mapping and 6D Pose Computation for Real Time Augmented Reality on Cylindrical Objects

Visual Augmented Reality (AR) typically overlays virtual computer graphics or other virtual contents on the real world videos, attracting much interest from both academic and industrial communities. Although AR techniques on planes are well studied, cylindrical objects are seldom used for augmented reality. In this paper, we propose a new method for 3D reconstruction and 6D pose computation for augmented reality on a cylindrical object. The 6D pose is the relative pose between the camera and the cylindrical object, which is very convenient to make augmented reality. First, we capture some images with a cylindrical object and then reconstruct its 3D model with textures offline by using projective invariance and image contours. Second, according to the 3D model, we track the 6D relative pose between the camera and the cylindrical object online, where we propose a linear P3P RANSAC to remove outliers. Finally, the virtual images are exactly aligned with the cylindrical object in the real world. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state of the arts in terms of 3D mapping and 6D pose computation on cylindrical objects.

Manipulatives in nursing education: A concept analysis

Use of manipulatives is an active learning strategy that relies on student interaction with objects to help them understand abstract concepts. Manipulatives are frequently used in elementary and middle schools but literature demonstrates that they are also effective tools for adult learners. The aim of this concept analysis is to evaluate the use of manipulatives in education and its applicability to nursing education. Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis process was used for this evaluation. Google Scholar, EPSCO, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched using the terms manipulative and manipulatives, college or higher education, and teaching strategies. Three defining attributes emerged from the analysis: manipulatives must be positively engaging to students, learners must interact with objects or virtual graphics, and objects or graphics must be used to facilitate learning. Based on these defining attributes an operational definition is proposed. The model case provides an example of the use of manipulatives in nursing education, whereas additional cases support the defining attributes and the operational definition. Empirical referents describe uses of manipulatives in nursing education, both in academic and clinical settings. The concept of manipulatives and their defining attributes can be used by nurse educators to plan, organize, and evaluate education programs.

Augmented Reality Interface Design Approaches for Goal-directed and Stimulus-driven Driving Tasks.

The automotive industry is rapidly developing new in-vehicle technologies that can provide drivers with information to aid awareness and promote quicker response times. Particularly, vehicles with augmented reality (AR) graphics delivered via head-up displays (HUDs) are nearing mainstream commercial feasibility and will be widely implemented over the next decade. Though AR graphics have been shown to provide tangible benefits to drivers in scenarios like forward collision warnings and navigation, they also create many new perceptual and sensory issues for drivers. For some time now, designers have focused on increasing the realism and quality of virtual graphics delivered via HUDs, and recently have begun testing more advanced 3D HUD systems that deliver volumetric spatial information to drivers. However, the realization of volumetric graphics adds further complexity to the design and delivery of AR cues, and moreover, parameters in this new design space must be clearly and operationally defined and explored. In this work, we present two user studies that examine how driver performance and visual attention are affected when using fixed and animated AR HUD interface design approaches in driving scenarios that require top-down and bottom-up cognitive processing. Results demonstrate that animated design approaches can produce some driving gains (e.g., in goal-directed navigation tasks) but often come at the cost of response time and distance. Our discussion yields AR HUD design recommendations and challenges some of the existing assumptions of world-fixed conformal graphic approaches to design.

Scalable GPU Virtualization with Dynamic Sharing of Graphics Memory Space

With increasing GPU-intensive workloads deployed on cloud, cloud service providers are seeking for practical and efficient GPU virtualization solutions. However, the cutting-edge GPU virtualization techniques such as gVirt still suffer from the restriction of scalability, which constrains the number of guest virtual GPU instances. This paper presents gScale, a scalable and practical open source GPU virtualization solution based on gVirt. gScale presents a sharing mechanism which combines partition and sharing together to break the hardware limitation of global graphics memory space. Particularly, we propose two approaches for gScale: (1) the private shadow graphics translation table (GTT) , which enables global graphics memory space sharing among virtual GPUs, (2) ladder mapping and fence memory space pool, which allows CPU access host physical memory space (serving the graphics memory) to bypass global graphics memory space. Furthermore, to mitigate the performance degradation caused by switching private shadow GTT when the number of vGPUs scales up, four other mechanisms are proposed: (1) slot sharing, which improves the performance of vGPU by dividing the high global graphics memory into multiple slots, (2) fine-grained slotting, which provides a flexible virtual graphics memory configuration, (3) predictive GTT copy mechanism, which reduces the performance loss by switching private shadow GTT before context switch, (4) predictive-copy aware scheduling, which maximizes the improvement of predictive GTT copy mechanism in cloud environment. Evaluation shows that gScale scales up to 15 guest virtual GPU instances in Linux or 12 guest virtual GPU instances in Windows, which is 5x and 4x, respectively, that of gVirt. At the same time, gScale incurs a slight but acceptable runtime overhead when hosting multiple virtual GPU instances.

Sugar

Modern personal computers have embraced increasingly powerful Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Recently, GPU-based graphics acceleration in web apps (i.e., applications running inside a web browser) has become popular. WebGL is the main effort to provide OpenGL-like graphics for web apps and it is currently used in 53% of the top-100 websites. Unfortunately, WebGL has posed serious security concerns as several attack vectors have been demonstrated through WebGL. Web browsers» solutions to these attacks have been reactive: discovered vulnerabilities have been patched and new runtime security checks have been added. Unfortunately, this approach leaves the system vulnerable to zero-day vulnerability exploits, especially given the large size of the Trusted Computing Base of the graphics plane. We present Sugar, a novel operating system solution that enhances the security of GPU acceleration for web apps by design. The key idea behind Sugar is using a dedicated virtual graphics plane for a web app by leveraging modern GPU virtualization solutions. A virtual graphics plane consists of a dedicated virtual GPU (or vGPU) as well as all the software graphics stack (including the device driver). Sugar enhances the system security since a virtual graphics plane is fully isolated from the rest of the system. Despite GPU virtualization overhead, we show that Sugar achieves high performance. Moreover, unlike current systems, Sugar is able to use two underlying physical GPUs, when available, to co-render the User Interface (UI): one GPU is used to provide virtual graphics planes for web apps and the other to provide the primary graphics plane for the rest of the system. Such a design not only provides strong security guarantees, it also provides enhanced performance isolation.

A Virtualization Desktop Application Platform of the Virtualized Graphics Processing Unit Technology on FlexPod Architecture

Intelligent equipment and network application based on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Internet of Things and other emerging technologies are becoming one of the most important efforts in the construction of experimental and training information infrastructure in Colleges and Universities. Aiming at the problem that the application environment of teaching experiment and training in Colleges and Universities of Art and Design requires higher performance ability of virtual desktop and graphics processing, the specific characteristics on training room of art and design, and the design ideas and principles of virtualization desktop technology, are analysed on the unique perspective of specific projects of Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts. A virtualization desktop application platform of the Virtualized Graphics Processing Unit Technology on FlexPod Architecture is put forward. With the application of this platform, the performance of the desktop is improving, and the complexity of IT management is reducing, and the model for the application of the virtual desktop technology for colleges and universities of art and design is provided.

Application of Augmented Reality and Robotic Technology in Broadcasting: A Survey

As an innovation technique, Augmented Reality (AR) has been gradually deployed in the broadcast, videography and cinematography industries. Virtual graphics generated by AR are dynamic and overlap on the surface of the environment so that the original appearance can be greatly enhanced in comparison with traditional broadcasting. In addition, AR enables broadcasters to interact with augmented virtual 3D models on a broadcasting scene in order to enhance the performance of broadcasting. Recently, advanced robotic technologies have been deployed in a camera shooting system to create a robotic cameraman so that the performance of AR broadcasting could be further improved, which is highlighted in the paper.

Mechanism for Adaptive Virtual Reality Feedback1

This work presents development and testing of two haptic mechanisms to simulate epidural needle insertion procedure. To configure the force feedback accuracy, we measured 20 insertions from patients in-vivo during a clinical trial. The graphics and forces adapt to the BMI of individual patients. Two haptic mechanisms were constructed: An electromagnetic haptic device (Fig. 1) and a motor driven haptic device (Fig. 2.). The resulting closed-loop system comprises manikin using four sensors and three force feedback components which can connect to our developed virtual reality epidural simulator 3D computer graphics [1]. Our literature review identified that thirty one epidural simulators have been implemented for clinical practice over the last thirty years either commercially or for research [2]. The purpose of this mechanism is to: i) connect the manikin device to computer based virtual reality graphics, ii) model insertions on various BMIs, iii) use measured data driven approach, iv) track needle orientation and depth using sensors, v) model accurate loss-of-resistance (LOR) feeling, vi) saline should escape at loss of resistance, vii) different feeling for each tissue layer, viii) mimic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak on dural puncture.

Using Mobile Devices for Mixed-Reality Interactionswith Educational Laboratory Test-Beds

This paper explores a novel human–machine interaction (HMI) paradigm that utilizes the sensing, storage, computation, and communication (SSCC) power capabilities of mobile devices to provide intuitive interactions with dynamic systems. The HMI paradigm addresses the fundamental challenges by integrating computer vision, 3D virtual graphics, and touchscreen sensing to develop mobile apps that provide interactive augmented reality (AR) visualizations. While prior approaches used laboratory-grade hardware, e.g., personal computer (PC), vision system, etc., for streaming video to remote users, the approach exploits the inherent mobility of mobile devices to provide users with mixed-reality (MR) environments in which the laboratory test-bed and augmented visualizations coexist and interact in real-time to promote immersive learning experiences that don’t yet exist in engineering laboratories. By pointing the rear-facing cameras of the mobile devices at the system from an arbitrary perspective, computer vision techniques retrieve physical measurements to render interactive AR content or perform feedback control. Future work is expected to examine the potential of our approach in teaching fundamentals of dynamic systems, automatic control, robotics, etc. through inquiry-based activities with students.

Application of Image Processing Techniques for TV Broadcasting of Sporting Events

In this paper, we describe a system solution thanks to which virtual graphics, the projection of advertising images, logos, match scores and the distance measurements of players on the field may be overlaid on the plan of the different types of sports fields of real tested images. This solution relies on a study of the artificial vision and the Augmented Reality applied to TV broadcasting of sporting events where we have as input the original image to be processed, the image to be projected and the coordinates of the overlay position of the objects on the plan of the field. As an output, we have the overlaid objects in the processed image at the selected position in a more realistic way and in the background.

Three-Dimensional CAD Graphics and Virtual Reality File Conversion

Using VRML virtual reality modeling language standard steel structure CAD graphics switch into a text file. Making the complex 3D graphics information expressed in VRML environment. Make CAD graphics and VRML file according to the respective standards can use inverse. Drawings transformed into each other to create a practical and effective method.