3D Virtual Reconstruction Research Articles

Retracted: Public Art and Space Environment Design Using Genetic Algorithm-Guided 3D Virtual Reconstruction.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/2193950.].

Ancient theatre acoustical qualities reconstruction dilemma for modern use and the international charters

PurposeThe general attitude of the ancient theatre conservation strategies and policies is still concerned primarily with their architectural physical appearance without considering their authentic scientific acoustical qualities. The paper attempts to illustrate and discuss how to enhance their acoustic heritage to arouse the audience's interest and needs. Thus, supporting their reconstruction based on recent acoustical research and community needs-related concerns and opportunities for ancient theatre's modern use.Design/methodology/approachIt is based on reviewing the main issues related to reconstruction in the international charters and conventions and how to infuse ancient theatres with their full role. It discusses the dilemma and debates regarding the theatre stage wall, colonnade (portico) restoration and anastylosis. Is it sufficient enough to recover the theatre sound volume? Or to rethink for full physical reconstructions of these missing related acoustical theatre architectural elements to their original level and layout as in ancient times in parallel to their virtual reconstruction?FindingsThe cultural significance of the authentic theatre's acoustical qualities needs to reform the conservation strategies and policies for a more flexible and resilient approach. It should be postulated, re-examined and advocated parallel to their 3D virtual reconstruction in the related international charters and conventions.Practical implicationsThe paper's implications are not immediate; it is far-reaching. It suggests the importance of acoustics in analysing historic theatre performance venues and reforming conservation strategies and approaches. This issue is especially critical for architects, conservators, the heritage community and the public audience.Originality/valueRecommendations are made for potential bold reconstruction actions that may be taken to achieve further sustainability, comfort, and permeability in modern theatre-use performances. Their physical reconstruction for improving the performance of contemporary theatre use regarding retaining the acoustic cultural significance should be more flexible and resilient in the charters.

Individual tree volume estimation with terrestrial laser scanning: Evaluating reconstructive and allometric approaches

Accurate estimates of above-ground tree biomass within forest inventories are essential for calibration and validation of biomass mapping products based on Earth observation data. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) enables detailed and non-destructive volume estimation of individual trees, which can be converted to biomass with wood basic density. Existing TLS-based approaches range from simple geometrical features to virtual 3D reconstruction of entire trees. Validating such approaches with weight measurements is a key step before the integration of TLS or other close-range technologies into operational applications such as forest inventories. In this study, we firstly evaluate individual tree volume estimation approaches based on 3D reconstruction through quantitative structure models (QSM) against destructive reference data of 60 trees and compare them to operational allometric scaling models (ASM). Secondly, we determine the explanatory power of TLS-derived geometric parameters regarding total wood, stem, coarse wood and fine branch volume. We observe similar accuracy in merchantable (¿7 cm) wood compartments for ASMs (NRMSE = 25 %) and QSMs (NRMSE = 29 %), with QSMs showing better results for broadleaves than conifers and generally overestimating fine branch volume. Feature selection shows that a combination of stem diameters and volume of convex hulls around tree crowns has the most potential to model the entire tree volume including branches, especially for conifers. In cases where the quality of available point clouds is insufficient for QSMs, 3D information can thus still be utilised by deriving geometric parameters. The integration of crown dimension parameters into new allometric models could substantially improve the estimation of branch wood volume.

Virtual Reconstruction of Lost Cultural Heritage – The Case of the Historical Church of Pammegist Taxiarch Archangel Michael in Medieval City of Corfu. A holistic Interdisciplinary approach, in Challenging Times enhancing Sustainable Urban Development

The present work is about the application of digital record of Lost Cultural Heritage monument in Corfu island - the case of the Church of Pammegistos Taxiarch Michael situated in the heart of the oldest medieval district of ‘Campiello’ in the Old Town of Corfu, built at the 14th century. Today the building has been demolished and a homonymous square has been created in its place. The "Taxiarch square" is a free space formed randomly, violently and as a remnant after the bombings of the 2nd World War. Considering an essential step in understanding and conserving the values of the memory of the glorious past, creating a as close as possible digital record of the most important monument in the area for the future, providing a means to communicating the knowledge and value of the tangible monument to the society. Our effort aims to efficiently open new orisons to the locals, in upgrading the living standard, while through culture and dialogue we might provide the necessary transformative dimension that ensures the sustainability of development processes. In our Challenging Times the data coming to light from in-situ research, the archives, bibliography etc., applied to the following modelling features the role of 3D virtual reconstruction of the important monument of cultural heritage in Corfu Old Town – a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Greece acquires even greater importance, supporting archaeological and architecture research and art history, used as well as a vehicle for the cultural and evocative involvement of the people.

Improved image processing for 3D virtual object construction from serial sections reveals tissue patterns in root tips of Zea mays.

Previously we described methods for generating three-dimensional (3D) virtual reconstructions of plant tissues from transverse thin sections. Here, we report the applicability of longitudinal sections and improved image-processing steps that are simpler to perform and utilize free applications. In order to obtain improved digital images and a virtual 3D object (cuboid), GIMP 2.10 and ImageJ 2.3.0 running on a laptop computer were used. Sectional views of the cuboid and 3D visualization were realized with use of the plug-ins "Volume Viewer" and "3D Viewer" in ImageJ. A 3D object was constructed and sectional views along several cutting planes were generated. The 3D object consisted of selected tissues inside the cuboid that were extracted and visualized from the original section data, and an animated video of the 3D construct was also produced. Virtual cuboids can be constructed by stacking longitudinal images along the transverse depth direction or stacking transverse images vertically along the organ axis, with both generating similar 3D objects. Which to use depends on the purpose of the investigation: if the vertical cell structures need close examination, the former method may be better, but for more general spatial evaluations or for evaluation of organs over longer tissue distances than can be accommodated with longitudinal sectioning, the latter method should be chosen.

Preoperative 3D model guidance for robotic-partial nephrecto- my: a case report of intraoperative vascular injury and its man- agement

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is increasingly used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and is now considered the “gold standard” treatment for T1 lesions. However, it is still considered a challenging procedure. Several imaging modalities have been tested to improve PN outcomes. One of the most intriguing is 3D reconstruction, which can be used for both preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making. In the following case, we describe an intraoperative vascular injury that occurred during robot-assisted PN (RAPN), despite accurate preoperative 3D-guided planning, and its management. The patient undergoing PN was 57 years old and had an incidental diagnosis of a 17 mm left-sided renal lesion located on the posterior surface of the kidney at the lower pole. Based on the CT scan, a virtual 3D reconstruction was obtained, which highlighted the presence of a saccular dilatation of the main artery. Selective clamping of a segmental artery feeding the posterior surface of the lower pole of the kidney was planned. The RENAL nephrometry and PADUA score were calculated with a value of 4p and 6, respectively. Despite a thorough preoperative planning, a lesion of the dilatation of the main artery was identified with a large bleeding which was managed by global clamping of the kidney followed by selective suturing. In conclusion, PN remains a challenging procedure even for experienced and skilled surgeons. The occurrence of intraoperative complications is not anecdotal. The introduction of the robotic console and new intraoperative tools such as 3D models have reduced the risk of adverse events, but their complete elimination is still utopian due to the extreme complexity of the procedure.

Both-Column Acetabular Fractures: Does Surgical Approach Vary Based on Using Virtual 3D Reconstructions?

Displacement of the anterior and posterior column complicates decision making for both-column acetabular fractures. We questioned whether pelvic surgeons agree on treatment strategy, and whether the use of virtual 3D reconstructions changes the treatment strategy of choice. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was performed in all pelvic trauma centers in the Netherlands. Twenty surgeons assessed 15 both-column fractures in 2D as well as 3D. Based on conventional imaging, surgical treatment was recommended in 89% of cases, and by adding 3D reconstructions this was 93% (p = 0.09). Surgical approach was recommended as anterior (65%), posterior (8%) or combined (27%) (poor level of agreement, κ = 0.05) based on conventional imaging. The approach changed in 37% (p = 0.006), with most changes between a combined and anterior approach (still poor level of agreement, κ = 0.13) by adding 3D reconstructions. Additionally, surgeons' level of confidence increased from good in 38% to good in 50% of cases. In conclusion, surgeons do not agree on the treatment strategy for both-column acetabular fractures. Additional information given by 3D reconstructions may change the chosen surgical approach and increase surgeons' confidence about their treatment decision. Therefore, virtual 3D reconstructions are helpful for assessing both-column fracture patterns and aid in the choice of treatment strategy.

The Potential of Aerial Reconnaissance in the Detection, Mapping and 3D Reconstruction Modelling of Crop-Marked Military Components of Bohemia’s Postmedieval and Early Industrial Landscape

From the 17th to the 19th century, a score of military events, campaigns and battles took place in the Czech lands, leaving numerous traces and distinctly changing the appearance of the cultural landscape in some regions. The results of long-term aerial-archeological surveys in the Czech lands have demonstrated that this detection method is advantageous in identifying buried sites built in the past in the context of military conflicts. Experience hitherto has made it possible to label archeological remote sensing as a collection of the potentially most effective methods for uncovering sites of field fortifications dated to the modern period and the beginning of the industrial era. This includes finds of both solitary sites and segments of strategically built fortification lines. This paper is an attempt to critically evaluate these hitherto recorded landmarks which have been discovered and documented via aerial prospection from the 1990s to the present. At the same time, this study reflects on the possibilities offered by the modern methods of remote sensing which have played a significant role in the discovery, mapping, documentation, digital terrain modelling, and the 3D virtual reconstructions of these sites.

MP58-07 THE IMPACT OF 3D MODELS ON SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF RAPN: IS CT SCAN BECOMING OBSOLETE?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP58-07 THE IMPACT OF 3D MODELS ON SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF RAPN: IS CT SCAN BECOMING OBSOLETE? Luigi Nocera, Carlo Bravi, Angelo Mottaran, Adele Piro, Luca Sarchi, Marco Paciotti, Maria Peraire Lores, Eleonora Balestrazzi, Federico Piramide, Rui Farinha, Pieter De Backer, Ruben De Groote, and Alexandre Mottrie Luigi NoceraLuigi Nocera More articles by this author , Carlo BraviCarlo Bravi More articles by this author , Angelo MottaranAngelo Mottaran More articles by this author , Adele PiroAdele Piro More articles by this author , Luca SarchiLuca Sarchi More articles by this author , Marco PaciottiMarco Paciotti More articles by this author , Maria Peraire LoresMaria Peraire Lores More articles by this author , Eleonora BalestrazziEleonora Balestrazzi More articles by this author , Federico PiramideFederico Piramide More articles by this author , Rui FarinhaRui Farinha More articles by this author , Pieter De BackerPieter De Backer More articles by this author , Ruben De GrooteRuben De Groote More articles by this author , and Alexandre MottrieAlexandre Mottrie More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003311.07AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Since their inception 3D virtual models have helped clinician in surgical indication and preoperative planning, as well as in intraoperative guidance. The added value of 3D models was particularly true in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) given the wide spectrum of possible tumor locations and anatomical variants. We aimed to examine the impact of 3D virtual models on surgical outcomes in a tertiary referral center. METHODS: We relied on 474 patients in our prospectively maintained renal cancer database treated with RAPN between 2009 and 2021. Patients harbouring multiple masses were excluded. The endpoints of the analyses were: 1) presence of positive surgical margins (PSM); 2) warm ischemia time (WIT) and 3) length of stay (LOS). Multivariable regressions examined the impact of the use of 3D virtual model on PSM, WIT and LOS. For all models, the adjustment for casemix included: age, sex, tumor size, tumor side, clinical T stage, PADUA score and estimated blood loss (EBL). RESULTS: Overall, median age was 64 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 55, 73). Median (IQR) tumor size and PADUA score were 3.1 (2.1, 4.5) cm and 8 (7, 10), whereas tumor side was more frequently right (54%). Median WIT was 13 minutes (IQR: 6, 19). OR console time and blood loss were 120 minutes (IQR: 90, 150) and 200 ml (IQR: 100-300), respectively. Median LOS was 3 days (IQR: 3, 5) and 7% of patients had PSM on final pathology. A 3D model was reconstructed for 84 (18%) patients. Patients with reconstructed 3D virtual models had more complex tumors (median PADUA score 9 vs. 8, p<0.05). No other statistically significant differences were recorded, although patients with available 3D models were older (66 vs. 64 years), less frequently male (63% vs. 71%), and exhibited longer WIT (14 vs. 13 minutes), shorter LOS (3 vs. 4 days) and lower PSM rate (3.6% vs 7.4%) (all p>0.05). On multivariable logistic regression models, 3D virtual model usage was an independent predictor of lower PSM rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; p<0.05). Similarly, on multivariable Poisson regressions, 3D virtual model usage was an independent predictor of shorter WIT (OR 0.78; p<0.05) and shorter LOS (OR: 0.82; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a potentially crucial role of 3D virtual reconstructions for candidates to RAPN for both surgical planning and intraoperative guidance. Indeed, the use of 3D virtual models led to an improvement of potentially both oncological (reduction in PSM) and functional outcomes (reduction in WIT). Further studies are required to confirm these findings at long-term follow-up. Source of Funding: none © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e798 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Luigi Nocera More articles by this author Carlo Bravi More articles by this author Angelo Mottaran More articles by this author Adele Piro More articles by this author Luca Sarchi More articles by this author Marco Paciotti More articles by this author Maria Peraire Lores More articles by this author Eleonora Balestrazzi More articles by this author Federico Piramide More articles by this author Rui Farinha More articles by this author Pieter De Backer More articles by this author Ruben De Groote More articles by this author Alexandre Mottrie More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Neuroanatomical study of the podocnemidid turtle Neochelys arenarum (Pleurodira), from the early Eocene of France.

Neochelys is an exclusively European Eocene podocnemidid genus belonging to a linage that reached this continent at the early Eocene. The so far available anatomical information about it is relatively abundant, especially considering that of its shell, at least partially preserved for the eight valid species currently considered. By contrast, the skull of very few representatives of the taxon has been identified. Neochelys arenarum is one of the species for which the cranial anatomy is known. It corresponds to the oldest species of this genus, coming from the MP7 zone of the Ypresian (early Eocene) of Southern France. The 3D virtual cranial reconstruction and the detailed neuroanatomical study of a representative of Neochelys are carried out here for the first time based on that species, this being also the first study of this nature performed for a European podocnemidid. In addition, the comparison of the neuroanatomical structures (i.e., the endocranial and labyrinthic cavities, and the nervous and circulatory canals) of N. arenarum with those of other representatives of Podocnemidoidae has been achieved.

3D Virtual reconstruction of asphalt mixture microstructure based on rigid body dynamic simulation

ABSTRACT This paper presents a virtual generation method for the heterogeneous microstructure of asphalt mixtures. The coarse aggregates used in the digital asphalt mixture were derived from real aggregates captured by a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner. Then, a rigid-body dynamic simulation framework was proposed to generate a stable skeletal structure composed of coarse aggregates similar to those formed by compaction. Furthermore, FAM and air voids were generated based on the generated aggregate skeleton and the assumption of equal thickness of FAM film. To prove the reliability of the model, the air voids of the digital asphalt mixture samples were verified by comparison with real specimens. The generated digital specimens were also applied to finite element method (FEM) simulations to predict the dynamic modulus of the asphalt mixture and the simulated results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The method can be applied to study the spatial distribution of asphalt mixture components, the movement pattern of aggregate particles during compaction and numerical simulations at the microscopic scale.

Comparison of 3D printing model to 3D virtual reconstruction and 2D imaging for the clinical education of interns in hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled study.

The clinical education of interns on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is both crucial and difficult in China, even if the education reform has advanced constantly over the years. The value of specific 3D printing model (3DPM) in clinical education of HCC is uncertain, and relevant literatures are very few. This study aimed to explore the effects of a patient-specific 3D printing liver model on the clinical education of HCC. Three laparoscopic hepatectomies were collected. For each case, a 3D virtual reconstruction (3DVR) and 3DPM were created using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) data, respectively. A total of 62 interns were randomly assigned to each group (3DPM, 3DVR, and MDCT groups) through a table of random numbers for random grouping. Following lecture-based HCC education, interns in each group selected a corresponding model of HCC. All interns were tested on the hepatic tumor locations, the vessels adjacent to them, surgical planning, and test time using the centesimal system score within 90 min. A questionnaire investigation on the degree of satisfaction, interest, and helpfulness for improving the comprehension ability of liver anatomy and 3D spatial structures was also recorded. The 3DPM group were compared with both 3DVR and MDCT group by theoretical examination scores and questionnaire survey satisfaction to evaluate the effects of 3DPM on the interns' clinical education in HCC. All the interns completed the test and questionnaire. The 3DPM group gained significantly higher scores on the following test contents: indicating the correct tumor location (3DPM vs. 3DVR, MDCT: 36.7±4.8 vs. 33.2±5.8, 26.8±10.0, P=0.03, P<0.01, respectively), accurately identifying the relationship between the tumor and vessels (3DPM vs. 3DVR, MDCT: 37.1±4.6 vs. 31.6±3.7, 30.0±5.8, P<0.01, P<0.01, respectively), and designing appropriate surgical plans (3DPM vs. 3DVR, MDCT: 8±2.7 vs. 4.9±2.7, 5.9±3.8, P<0.01, P=0.04, respectively). The 3DPM group showed a higher degree of satisfaction (86.2%), interest (92.1%), and helpfulness (80.5%) for improving the comprehension ability of liver anatomy and 3D spatial structures. The clinical teaching by utilizing 3DPM can significantly improve the professional theoretical level, strengthen clinical thinking and comprehensive ability, and improve the teaching effects of HCC for medical interns.

Three-dimensional printing and virtual reconstruction in surgical planning of double-outlet right ventricle repair.

For more than a decade, 3-dimensional (3D) printing has been identified as an innovative tool for the surgical planning of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV). Nevertheless, lack of evidence concerning its benefits encourages us to identify valuable criteria for future prospective trials. We conducted a retrospective study involving 10 patients with DORV operated between 2015 and 2019 in our center. During a preoperative multidisciplinary heart team meeting, we harvested surgical decisions following a 3-increment step process: (1) multimodal imaging; (2) 3D virtual valvular reconstruction (3DVVR); and (3) 3D-printed heart model (3DPHM). The primary outcome was the proportion of predicted surgical strategy following each of the 3 steps, compared with the institutional retrospective surgical strategy. The secondary outcome was the change of surgical strategy through 3D modalities compared with multimodal imaging. The incremental benefit of the 3DVVR and 3DPHM over multimodal imaging was then assessed. The operative strategy was predicted in 5 cases after multimodal imaging, in 9 cases after 3DVVR, and the 10 cases after 3DPHM. Compared with multimodal imaging, 3DVVR modified the strategy for 4 cases. One case was correctly predicted only after 3DPHM inspection. 3DVVR and 3DPHM improved multimodal imaging in the surgical planning of patients with DORV. 3DVVR allowed a better appreciation of the relationships between great vessels, valves, and ventricular septal defects. 3DPHM offers a realistic preoperative view at patient scale and enhances the evaluation of outflow tract obstruction. Our retrospective study demonstrates benefits of preoperative 3D modalities and supports future prospective trials to assess their impact on postoperative outcomes.

Virtual reconstruction of the main house of the Sennitsy estate situated in Moscow region: sources and research methods

The problem of historical and cultural heritage preservation is very relevant these days. Increasing number of monuments is being destroyed every day; however, our compatriots are continuously becoming more interested in landmarks Russia. There has been a marked increase in the number of tourist routes in Moscow region. Numerous noble estates represent an important part of the region’s cultural assets. In Moscow region, there are lots of former estates of prominent families of the Russian Empire: today many of these properties are in ruins. Manor Sennitsy situated in Ozyory district of Moscow region is one of such gradually decaying cultural monuments with a rich history. This study analyzes a set of sources, on the basis of which the author creates a virtual 3D-reconstruction of manor Sennitsy in the period of late 19th – early 20th century when it was owned by the family of Count F.E. Keller. The source base for the study is very diverse: plans, drawings, cartographic materials, photographs, inventories of property, construction cost estimates. The author describes gradual process of 3D-modelling, in the framework of which softwares SketchUp and Twinmotion were used. Reconstruction of buildings of the Sennitsy manor complex allows to visualize an image of the destroyed monument of culture, as well as to demonstrate high potential of using 3D-modelling methods in history. This study is carried out within the framework of the Project of reconstruction of appearance of the noble estates of the Moscow region, supported by the Department of Historical Information Science of the Faculty of History of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Abandoned rural pre-industrial heritage: study of the Riamonte mil complex (Galicia, Spain)

Highlights: Graphic tools and virtual reconstruction applied to watermills contribute to their overall understanding as an anthropogenic landscape. Virtual reconstruction of the milling mechanisms allows us to understand the mill operation beyond the mere construction preservation. The Riamonte mills are an example of a group of canal mills linked to a single dam and with a social typology of inheriting turns to grind. Abstract: Each concello (municipality) in Galicia is home to a large number of pre-industrial rural heritage assets integrated into the landscape. Among them are the water mills, usually made up of small constructions that are difficult to reuse in their original function. They are not easily compatible with other uses either. Their current state of abandonment requires their cataloguing and correct valorization as pre-industrial archaeological heritage. These constructions must be conceived as interrelated constructive groupings, in their original physical and social context. A good example of this is the unpublished sample of the Riamonte milling complex. Its study, digitalization and virtual recreation by means of computer-assisted graphics have great potential for dissemination to the public and better integration into the nature trail near the riverbed. Graphically presenting archaeological heritage through virtual media helps to promote social understanding in order to raise awareness of the importance of its protection and irreplaceable nature, especially in case of those vestiges lacking sufficient security to survive. Due to the large amount of vegetation around the wall remains, a rigorous planimetric survey of the entire complex was carried out, followed by three-dimensional (3D) modelling of representative elements. In addition, applying a rigorous principle of transparency, a chromatic differentiation is made in the 2D and 3D virtual reconstructions between already existing and newly added elements. Regarding the 3D model, a historical-archaeological evidence scale is used, allowing a graphic identification of the authenticity degree required to provide reliability in the reconstruction of lost or altered parts. This facilitates virtual recreation interpretation among future researchers from different disciplines. The Riamonte mill complex is part of a typology typical of the region, in which the use of virtual models makes it possible to reach the scales of the territory, the building and the machinery, facilitating the correct understanding of this cultural heritage.

Research of 3D Virtual Characters Reconstructions Based on NeRF

Research of 3D Virtual Characters Reconstructions Based on NeRF

Virtual Reconstruction of Buildings of the Sennitsy Estate near Moscow: Sources and Research Methods

The problem of historical and cultural heritage preservation is very relevant these days. Increasing number of monuments is being destroyed every day; however, our compatriots are continuously becoming more interested in landmarks Russia. There has been a marked increase in the number of tourist routes in Moscow region. Numerous noble estates represent an important part of the region’s cultural assets. In Moscow region, there are lots of former estates of prominent families of the Russian Empire: today many of these properties are in ruins. Manor Sennitsy situated in Ozyory district of Moscow region is one of such gradually decaying cultural monuments with a rich history. This study analyzes a set of sources, on the basis of which the author creates a virtual 3D-reconstruction of manor Sennitsy in the period of late 19th – early 20th century when it was owned by the family of Count F.E. Keller. The source base for the study is very diverse: plans, drawings, cartographic materials, photographs, inventories of property, construction cost estimates. The author describes gradual process of 3D-modelling, in the framework of which softwares SketchUp and Twinmotion were used. The article pays attention to the history of Sennitsy’s construction and its owners. Reconstruction of buildings of the Sennitsy manor complex allows to visualize an image of the destroyed monument of culture, as well as to demonstrate high potential of using 3D-modelling methods in history. This study is carried out within the framework of the Project of reconstruction of appearance of the noble estates of the Moscow region, supported by the Department of Historical Information Science of the Faculty of History of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Systematic Review of Comparative Studies of 3D Models for Preoperative Planning in Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy

BACKGROUND: The employment of 3-dimensional (3D) virtual models of the organs and tumors, obtained from conventional 2-dimensional (2D) imaging (i.e. computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging) have already demonstrated an outstanding potential in urology, especially in renal surgery. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review is to provide an updated focus on the results obtained from the preoperative employment of 3D virtual imaging reconstructions in nephron sparing oncological surgery. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in April 2022 using Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy used PICO criteria and article selection was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias and the quality of the articles included were assessed. A dedicated data extraction form was used to collect the data of interest. RESULTS: The initial electronic search identified 471 papers, of which 13 ultimately met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. 11 studies reported outcomes of virtual models, 2 studies focused on printed 3D models. In these studies, the application of 3D models for preoperative planning has been reported to increase the selective clamping rate and reducing the opening of collecting system, blood loss and loss of renal function. CONCLUSIONS: 3D virtual models seem to provide some surgical benefits for preoperative planning especially for complex renal masses. In the future the continuous evolution of this technology may further increase its field of application and its potential clinical benefit.

Virtual anthropology: Forensic applications to cranial skeletal remains from the Spanish Civil War

Biological and forensic anthropologists face limitations while studying skeletal remains altered by taphonomic alterations and perimortem trauma, such as in remains from the Spanish Civil War. However, virtual anthropology techniques can optimize the information inferred from fragmented and deformed remains by generating and restoring three-dimensional bone models. We applied a low-cost 3D modelling methodology based on photogrammetry to develop novel forensic applications of virtual 3D skull reconstruction, assembly, restoration and ancestry estimation. Crania and mandible fragments from five Spanish Civil War victims were reconstructed with high accuracy, and only one cranium could not be assembled due to extensive bone loss. Virtual mirroring successfully restored reconstructed crania, producing 3D models with reduced deformation and perimortem trauma. High correlation between traditional and virtual craniofacial measurements confirmed that 3D models are suitable for forensic applications. Craniometric databases of world-wide and Spanish populations were used to assess the potential of discriminant analysis to estimate population ancestry. Our protocol correctly estimated the continental origin of 86.7 % of 15 crania of known origin, and despite low morphological differentiation within European populations, correctly identified 54.5 % as Spanish and 27.3 % of them with high posterior probabilities. Two restored crania from the Civil War were estimated as Spanish, and one as a non-Spanish European. Results were not conclusive for one cranium and did not confirm previous archeological hypotheses. Overall, our research shows the potential to assess the presence of foreign volunteers in the Spanish Civil War and highlights the added value of 3D-virtual techniques in forensic anthropology.

Comparative morphology and postnatal ontogeny of the bony labyrinth in Pantherinae (Felidae, Carnivora) with special emphasis on the lion

The bony labyrinth (inner ear) of mammals reveals systematic as well as morphofunctional information. However, detailed knowledge of bony labyrinth morphology and ontogeny in Pantherinae, that comprise some of the most iconic mammals, is still pending. Hence, we present the first comparative description of the bony labyrinth in all extant species of Panthera and Neofelis some of which are represented by several postnatal stages; particular focus is set on Panthera leo. Our study is based on µCT scans and virtual 3D reconstructions and accompanied by selected morphometric measurements. Even though quite similar in morphology, both genera as well as their species can be distinguished by several features, e.g., shape and relative size of the semicircular canals and presence or absence of an osseous secondary crus commune. In case of the latter, P. pardus shows some intraspecific variation. We also traced the reduction of the fossa subarcuata during ontogeny in P. leo which conforms with previous studies. Negative allometry of the bony labyrinth in relation to skull basal length can be observed during ontogeny as demonstrated by P. leo as well as between different sized species. Although not correlated with the length of the cochlear canal, the number of cochlear turns is higher in captive non-adult P. leo and P. tigris, but lower in adult captive P. pardus. If these intraspecific differences are related to captivity or represent an ontogenetic pattern, needs to be evaluated in future studies based on larger samples.