Violet Color Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Photo‐catalyst Ag2S/WO3 and its Application for Crystal Violet Degradation in the Aqueous Medium

AbstractIn this study, Ag2S/WO3 Nano‐composite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and identified by techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Brunaure, Emmett and Teller (BET), Field Emission‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet‐Visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) and Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (DRS). This Nano‐composite represents good efficiency to degrade the color of crystals violet (CV) in the aqueous medium owing to subsequent activation under visible light. The central composite design (CCD) was used to examine dependency of degradation to variables viz time, pH, amount of photo‐catalyst, and CV concentration. The modeling results show the applicability of the quadratic model to predict and estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables, while judgment were examined according to Correlation coefficients. The highest percentage of CV degradation was achieved under optimal conditions set as 45 minutes irradiation of 6 mg.L−1 of VC at pH of 7 using 1.25 g of Ag2S/Wo3 which lead to decompositions of around 98 % which has good agreement with the laboratory results (97.65 %). The regeneration of Ag2S/WO3 nano‐composite reveals decreases in its applicability to conduct similar experiments and close results till 4 replicates. Also, the kinetic of analysis of the CV decomposition follows the quasi‐first‐order model.

Evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of violacein, a natural pigment of bacterial origin, in urinary bladder cancer cell lines.

Violacein is a natural pigment, a pyrrolidone, and a bisindole derived from the condensation of two tryptophan molecules, which gives a blue violet color to several gram-negative violacein-producing bacteria. Violacein production provides a competitive advantage against antagonistic species or predators. In addition, the compound has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Several studies on colon, breast, and head and neck cancer lines have already demonstrated the anti-proliferative potential of violacein. Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in urology. The therapeutic approach is mainly based on surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of violacein against the human bladder cancer cell lines, HTB4 (T24) and HTB9 (5637), using low-grade and high-grade transitional cell carcinoma models, respectively, which has never been assayed before. For this purpose, the potential violacein anti-proliferative effect on T24 and 5637 cells was evaluated by studying the cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and caspase-3 activation. The results showed that violacein had anti-proliferative activity in the two cell lines, which was greater for the second-stage bladder cancer cell line (5637), and a different mode of action against the two cell lines.

Response surface methodology optimization of blended fruit nectar: cashew apple and açai

ABSTRACT There is a growing market for beverages made with mixed fruits, mainly tropical ones. The objective of this work was to develop blended nectars based on açai and cashew apple pulps and to evaluate them by using sensory consumer tests according to a response surface methodology. Nine formulations were prepared by using different total pulp concentrations and açai-to-cashew apple pulp ratios. The formulation with 30.0% of total pulp and an açai-to-cashew apple pulp ratio of 0.84 (that is to say, 13.7% of açai pulp and 16.3% of cashew apple pulp) was the most accepted by consumers (lowest pulp assayed). This mixed nectar showed high vitamin C and anthocyanin contents, and exhibited an attractive dark violet color, suggesting potential commercial success. The data obtained in this study can be used for large-scale production of new mixed fruit nectars, which suggests that they may represent an exciting option for consumers.

Determination of Antioxidants by DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ficus religiosa.

The use of F. religiosa might be beneficial in inflammatory illnesses and can be used for a variety of health conditions. In this article, we studied the identification of antioxidants using (DPPH) 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging activity in Ficus religiosa, as F. religiosa is an important herbal plant, and every part of it has various medicinal properties such as antibacterial properties that can be used by the researchers in the development and design of various new drugs. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is a popular, quick, easy, and affordable approach for the measurement of antioxidant properties that includes the use of the free radicals used for assessing the potential of substances to serve as hydrogen providers or free-radical scavengers (FRS). The technique of DPPH testing is associated with the elimination of DPPH, which would be a stabilized free radical. The free-radical DPPH interacts with an odd electron to yield a strong absorbance at 517 nm, i.e., a purple hue. An FRS antioxidant, for example, reacts to DPPH to form DPPHH, which has a lower absorbance than DPPH because of the lower amount of hydrogen. It is radical in comparison to the DPPH-H form, because it causes decolorization, or a yellow hue, as the number of electrons absorbed increases. Decolorization affects the lowering capacity significantly. As soon as the DPPH solutions are combined with the hydrogen atom source, the lower state of diphenylpicrylhydrazine is formed, shedding its violet color. To explain the processes behind the DPPH tests, as well as their applicability to Ficus religiosa (F. religiosa) in the manufacture of metal oxide nanoparticles, in particular MgO, and their influence on antioxidants, a specimen from the test was chosen for further study. According to our findings, F. religiosa has antioxidant qualities and may be useful in the treatment of disorders caused by free radicals.

Genetic engineering of novel yellow color african violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) produced by accumulation of Aureusidin 6-O-glucoside

BackgroundFlower color is one of the main characteristics of ornamental plants. Aurones are light yellow flavonoids produced in the petals of a limited number of plant species including snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus). As a commercially-recognized species, African violet can be found in various colors except yellow. This research, aiming at changing the petals’ color of African violet from white to yellow, was conducted using the simultaneous expressions of chalcone 4’-O-glucosyltransferase (4’CGT) and aureusidin synthase (AS1) genes without the need for silencing anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes via both transient and stable transfer methods.ResultsThe transient gene transfer among transgenic plants led to a clear change of petals’ color from white to light yellow. This occurs while no change was observed in non-transgenic (Wild type) petals. In total, 15 positive transgenic plants, produced via stable gene transfer, were detected. Moreover, since their flower color was yellow, both genes were present. Meanwhile, the corresponding transformation yield was determined 20-30%. The transformation, expression and integration of genes among T0 transgenic plants were verified using the PCR, qRT-PCR and Southern blotting techniques, respectively. Furthermore, the probable color change of petals’ cross-section and existence of Aureusidin 6-O-glucoside (AOG) compound were determined using a light microscope and HPLC-DAD-MSn analysis, correspondingly.ConclusionsGenerally, the creation of aurones biosynthesis pathway is only viable through the simultaneous expression of genes which leads to color change of African violet’s petal from white to yellow. This conclusion can lead to an effective strategy to produce yellow color in ornamental plant species.

New species and combinations of Inocybe with lilac or violet colours in Europe

New species and combinations of Inocybe with lilac or violet colours in Europe

Impact of Visual Imagery of Coloured Rose Flower on Heart Rate Variability.

Viewing of visual imagery of forest or nature is known for producing physiological and psychological relaxation of mind and body. Nature surroundings are colourful and vary from green of plants, blue of water and red, orange, yellow and violet of flowers. These coloured imageries also known to affect our emotion; may lead to joy, sorrow, happiness grief etc. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indexes through vagal activity the autonomic responses and thereby affects our emotions and behavioural outcome. This study is planned to assess the colour effects of visual imagery of coloured rose flowers on HRV in males and females for red, blue, green, indigo, yellow, orange and violet colours. The Heart Rate Variability analysis was conducted on Power Lab AD Instruments, Australia in thirty healthy individuals (15 males and 15 females), aged between 20 to 40 years. We observed variation in autonomic response to different colours in males and females on Heart Rate Variability assessment. There was augmentation of sympathetic drive on viewing of red, orange and violet colour roses in males and that of blue and violet colours in females. The visual imagery of blue-, green-, indigo- and yellow-coloured roses in males and red, green, indigo, yellow and orange coloured in females produced a parasympathetic influence on Heart Rate Variability. Colours affects HRV and thereby can influence our emotional and behavioural responses in our daily life. Adapting to coloured surrounding of choice at workplace and at home may influence our work output and productivity as well produce physical and mental wellbeing.

Effect of stain brand and shade on color stability of stains applied on a CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stain brand and color on color stability of stains on a CAD-CAM ceramic after aging. Specimens (15 × 8 × 1.5mm) were fabricated from A2-shade ceramic blocks (Mark II; Vita Zahnfabrik) (N = 120). Specimens were divided into two groups (n = 10) to be stained with six different stains (yellow, orange, blue, gray, violet, and brown) from two manufacturers (GC initial spectrum (GC) and IPS e.max Ceram (IPS)). Aging was performed for 5h at 134°C. Color coordinates before and after aging were measured to calculate color differences (ΔE00). Kubelka-Munk absorption (K) and scattering coefficients (S) of stains were compared with those of A2 shade tab. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the ΔE00 values and Tamhane T2 was used to analyze the K and S coefficients (alpha = 0.05). A significant interaction was found between stain color and brand (p < 0.001). Color changes with IPS stains were higher than those with GC stains except for brown. The highest color difference was with orange stain of IPS (p < 0.001). Absorption and scattering coefficients of different stains on CAD-CAM ceramic were different from those of A2 shade tab except for brown stain (p < 0.001). Tested stains on CAD-CAM ceramic had varying color changes after aging. Color of gray, violet and brown of both stains was stable. Yellow, orange, and blue GC stains were more color stable compared with IPS. Absorption and scattering coefficients of stains in different colors varied.

Modifying the optical properties of 0.7PVA/0.3PEG blend through doping with CdS/TM (TM: Fe, Mg, Mn)

Doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) (70: 30%) blended polymer with nanofillers (CdS, doped CdS with TM = Fe, Mg and Mn (Cd0.95M0.05S) were formed using thermolysis and casting process. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses together with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to investigate the structure and microstructure of the phases formed in the different nanofillers and the formed blends. Also, the possibility of the formation of PVA/PEG blend was examined using XRD technique. The variations of the optical absorbance, transmittance, extinction coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant parameters, optical conductivity, linear and nonlinear parameters with the wavelength range and the type of the nanofillers were investigated in detail. In the visible region, the refractive index of the doped blend with CdS/Mn > CdS > CdS/Fe > CdS/Mg > undoped PVA:PEG (70: 30%) blend. As the blends doped with the different nanofillers the optical band gap was reduced reached its lowest value as the blend doped with nano CdS. The fluorescence (FL) intensity of the doped blend samples is less than the undoped blend. All samples exhibited (violet, blue and red) colors or (blue and orange) colors depended on the excitation wavelength.

A brief study on thunbergia erecta: A review

In the Ayurveda medicinal plants play an important role, it is the Indian traditional system of medicine that focuses on the medical potential of plants. Thunbergia is one of the genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. Thunbergia species included up to 100 species of annuals, perennials, and shrubs. Thunbergia erecta (Syn- Meyenia erecta, Bush Clockvine) is species of thunbergia plants that have been identified to have many reported significant medicinal value. It is a vigorous, woody shrub from Tropical Africa that grows to about 6-feet-tall and wide, which consists of purple flowers that have a yellow throat. This purple colour flower contains anthocyanin compounds which able to synthesize blue, purple, violet, magenta, and yellow colour in the flower, fruit, and leaves of the plant. The Phytoconstituent are present in the leaves of the T. erecta plant are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannin, saponins, and triterpenoids. The aim of this review article is a brief study on thunbergia erecta other species of thunbergia and summarized Scientific classification, Morphology, Geographical Distribution, and Pharmacological activity.

Qualitative Detection of Triterpenes and Quantification of Betulinic Acid from Hexane Extract of Simarouba glauca Leaves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

The present study focuses on the efficiency of high-performance thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in qualitative and quantitative analysis of triterpenoid from the terpene fraction of hexane extract of Simarouba glauca leaves. The total terpenoid content of the hexane extract was assessed which shows that 73.69 % of the extract content is terpenoid. The terpene fraction extracted in petroleum ether from the hexane extract of Simarouba glauca leaves was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis results indicated seventeen compounds out of which only one was triterpene (Squalene an important bioactive triterpenoid). In high-performance thin layer chromatography the separation was achieved by using hexane:ethyl acetate in a 5:5 proportion as mobile phase and anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent was used for derivatization which imparted violet color to the triterpenoid containing bands. Detection and quantification of betulinic acid and other triterpenes was done by densitometric scanning at 525 nm. Betulinic acid produced compact spots at Rf 0.66. Linear range of betulinic acid was prepared using concentrations 1-7 μg/spot with a correlation coefficient R2 and standard deviation of 0.96004 %±19.68 % respectively. The results indicated the presence of 10 triterpenoids showing different Rf values including betulinic acid. This study confirmed the presence of betulinic acid in the terpene fraction of the hexane extract of Simarouba glauca leaves.

Removal of Arsenic Through the Process of Biosorption

Increase in human population and its need for its lifestyle improvisation leads to nature at risk. One of the natural source on which all live forms depends is water. Water pollution due to non- essential heavy metals is very common. Non- essential heavy metals are very toxic and are threats to human life and other life forms also. Arsenic is one of the non-essential heavy metal which is toxic as well as carcinogenic. Problem due to arsenic pollution is continuously increasing in Asian countries. Arsenic pollution in drinking water along with in paddy fields is global problem all around the world. In almost all regions of West Bengal, India concentration of arsenic in rice continuously increases. Arsenic toxicity is very serious for humans and causes various diseases. Hence, it is necessary to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions to protect human life from its toxic effect. This paper focuses on removal of arsenic using low cost adsorbents through process of biosorption. For removal of arsenic in this study a mixed biosorbent is prepared by mixing roots of Shatavari and Erandmool, leaves of Sadabahar, fruit of Nimbu and panchang of Brahmi. For removal of arsenic ultraviolet spectroscopy method is used here based on the principle of that arsenic when treated with acidified potassium iodate to liberate iodine. The Liberated iodine bleaches the violet colour of azure B which is measured at 644 nm. Results obtained show that maximum percentage of arsenic removal was obtained at 0.5 and 1.0 g of adsorbent dose at 3 mg/l and 5 mg/l of initial arsenic concentration in 3 hour contact time, pH of solution 7 and 8 and 40 rpm agitation speed. Maximum percentage removal obtained at pH 7 by 0.5 g adsorbent dose at 5 mg/l arsenic solution was 82 %. Adsorption isotherm model which supports arsenic removal was Freundlich model whose r2 value obtained was 0.99 and value of n is 1.78 and Kf is 2.53.

Metode Maserasi Berbantu Gelombang Ultrasonik untuk Ekstraksi Pigmen Merah-Ungu dari Enam Varietas Bayam Merah

Natural dyes have been widely used for coloring food. Red spinach is an alternative resource of red violet color as it is abundant in nature. Despite its simplicity of extraction technique, the maceration method still needs enhancement because it is time-consuming. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to shorten the extraction time. In this study, the red-violet pigment extraction has been carried out by the maceration method for six red spinach varieties. The spinach leaves' ratio to a mixture of ethanol 96% and citric acid 10% were 1:7, 1:9, 1:11, and 1:13. The highest absorbance for Delima, Abbang, Baret Merah, and Mira extracts were obtained from the ratio of 1:7, whereas Red and Clara extracts were 1:9. The optimum solvent/mass ratio for each variety was then used in the UAE. Extractions assisted by ultrasound in 5, 10, and 15 minutes have been conducted. UAE time yields the highest red-violet extract absorbance in 15 minutes for Red, Abbang, Baret Merah, Mira, and Clara while Delima was in 5 minutes. The results suggested that the UAE is more effective than 24-hours maceration for red-violet pigment extraction from red spinach.

Hair Design with Natural Motifs Using Pantone Colors

In this study, natural motifs were extracted based on the trend colors selected by Pantone in 2018-2021, and the image was shaped to produce hair design works that reflected the trend colors. In Artwork I, the ultra violet color has a wisteria motif, and the hair color is expressed using the ombré technique. Artwork II Living Coral color has a coral reef in the sea as a motif, and the hair color is expressed in a two-tone technique. Artwork III Classic blue color has a blue zebra-patterned seashell as a motif, and hair color is expressed using weaving and balayage techniques. Artwork IV Illuminating and Ultimate Gray color are inspired by autumn birch trees, and hair color is expressed using weaving and two-tone techniques. In this way, it was confirmed that creative and diverse design expressions are possible by completing trendy hairstyles with various techniques by incorporating each Pantone color into nature.

Sedimentological and paleontological analysis of the Lower Jurassic part of the Zatrnik Formation on the Pokljuka plateau, Slovenia

The uppermost Ladinian to Lower Jurassic Zatrnik Formation is the lithostratigraphic unit of the Mesozoic deeper marine Bled Basin. The uppermost part of the Zatrnik Formation and the transition into the overlying Ribnica Breccia was logged at the Zajamniki mountain pasture on the Pokljuka mountain plateau in the Julian Alps. The lowermost part the section belongs to the “classical” Zatrnik Formation and is dominated by beige micritic limestone and fine-grained calcarenite. Foraminifers Siphovalvulina, ?Everticyclammina, ?Mesoendothyra and ?Pseudopfenderina are present, indicating Early Jurassic age. The beige limestone is followed by light pink limestone of the uppermost Zatrnik Formation. Slumps are common in this interval, and crinoids are abundant. Alongside some species already present in beds lower in the succession, Meandrovoluta asiagoensis Fugagnoli &amp; Rettori, Trocholina sp., Valvulinidae, small Textulariidae, Lagenida, and small ?Ophthalmidium also occur in this interval. Resedimented limestone predominates through the studied part of the Zatrnik Formation, indicating deposition on the slope or at the foot of the slope of the basin. The switch to crinoid-rich facies within the slumped interval of the Zatrnik Formation may reflect accelerated subsidence of the margins of the Julian Carbonate Platform in the Pliensbachian. The Zatrnik Formation is followed by the formation of the Pliensbachian (?) Ribnica Breccia. Impregnations of ferromanganese oxides, violet colour, and an increase in clay content are characteristic. The foraminiferal assemblage consists of Lenticulina, small elongated Lagenida, and epistominids. Individual beds of the Ribnica Breccia were deposited via debris flows. Enrichments in ferromanganese oxides point to slower sedimentation.

Exploration of structural, optical, and photoluminescent properties of (1 – x)NiCo2O4/xPbS nanocomposites for optoelectronic applications

The (1 – x)NiCo2O4/xPbS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) nanocomposite samples are synthesized using the hydrothermal and thermolysis procedures. The different phases developed in the obtained nanocomposite samples are accurately determined using the x-ray diffraction technique equipped with a line-detector. The percentage of the formed phases (NiCo2O4 (NCO), PbS, PbSO4), structural and microstructure parameters are determined using Rietveld quantitative phase analysis. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and Rietveld analysis reveal almost isotropic particle size in the nano range with a very narrow size distribution. The obtained phase percentage of PbS and PbSO4 are smaller than nominated values (x) suggesting dissolving of some Pb and S ions into NCO which is then confirmed by the analysis of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of nanocomposite samples. The absorption spectra are modified upon doping NCO with PbS. The optical band gaps of the nanocomposites increase as the amount of PbS augments. The effect of alloying on extinction coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, the intensity, and emitted color from the photoluminescence of the nanocomposite samples are also studied. The refractive index value of NCO and NCO–PbS nanocomposite samples exhibit normal dispersions. The photoluminescent measurements reveal that the NCO–PbS nanocomposites can emit a violet color. The improvement in the values of the nonlinear optical (NLO) parameters of pristine NCO at high frequencies or the nanocomposite samples at low frequencies, are made them used in NLO photonic devices.

Floral biology in the endemic Iranian Salvia majdae - implications for taxonomy, character evolution and conservation

Salvia (Lamiaceae), one of the largest plant genera, was not monophyletic as originally circumscribed. To recognize Salvia as a monophyletic genus, five small genera have been placed within Salvia s.l. including the monotypic genus Zhumeria. Little is known about the floral biology of Salvia majdae (syn. Z. majdae), an aromatic medicinal shrub species endemic to dry montane areas in the Hormozgan Province in southern Iran. Floral and ecological features of the species are provided as a basis for more detailed discussion about its taxonomic treatment and conservation. S. majdae produces flowers in the axils of the uppermost leaves as racemes. Unlike most Salvia species, flowers are weakly monosymmetric and lack the typical upper lip that usually hides the pollen-sacs. Each flower has four protruding stamens, the abaxial pair is always fertile, and the adaxial one is mostly sterile. Anthers are bithecate and immobile, the connective is slightly widened but not separating the thecae from each other as in most Salvia species. A staminal lever mechanism is lacking and, contrary to most Salvia flowers, pollen is ventrally transferred. Floral longevity is about three days. Flowers are protandrous on the first day and present both pollen and receptive stigmas on the second day. Controlled pollination experiments confirm self-compatibility of the species. Butterflies, bees and flies visited flowers and were likely attracted by scent and the conspicuous, dark violet color of the flowers. Medium-sized bees (Anthophora spp.) are probably the main pollinators, but pollen transfer by bee flies and occasionally by butterflies cannot be excluded. A moderate pollen/ovule ratio (∼2600:1), high pollen viability (∼90%), relatively high fruit set (75%), and moderate seed set (51%) indicate that the species successfully reproduces sexually. Herbivores strongly contributed to reduced seed set as they destroyed parts of the reproductive organs. The presence of only few seedlings and young plants in the field suggests that environmental pressures are acting on the species demography. To protect the species, we recommend harvest reduction by local people, propagating the plant in nurseries for medicinal purposes, and restocking their natural habitat with young plants. Flower morphology of S. majdae differs considerably from those of its closest Salvia relatives. The species represents a number of plesiomorphic characters which may either represent the ancestral stage or a reversal evolved from a more derived Salvia flower. We discuss these alternatives pointing to the problems linked with the present taxonomic treatment of Salvia s.l.

MIXED-LIGAND HETEROMETALLIC COMPLEXES OF Ge(IV)-M2+ (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) WITH 1,3-DIAMINO-2-HYDROXYPROPANE N,N,N',N'-TETRAACETIC ACID

There have been developed a novel synthetic method that allowed to obtain raw of mixed-ligand heterometallic binuclear complexes of Ge(IV)-M2+ (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) with 1,3-diamino‑2-hydroxypropane N, N, N’, N’-tetraacetic acid (H5hpdta). Compounds have been characterized by the set of methods: elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, IR‑spectroscopy, spectrum of diffuse reflection, magnetic suspensibility. According to the elemental analysis, the molar ratio Ge: M: H5hpdta: bipy= 1:1:1:1 in the obtained compounds 1‑5 corresponds to the formula [(H2O)(OH)Ge(m-hpdta)M(bipy)]·nН2О (M=Mn n=3 (1), Fe n=2 (2), Co n=4 (3), Ni n=4 (4), Zn n=3 (5). Complexes have yellow (1), red (2), orange (3), violet (4) and pink (5) colors and are stable on air. Compounds 1‑5 exist in the form of crystal hydrates, that contain certain amount of water molecules, that are eliminated into the gas phase while heating in the wide range of temperatures (t=80‑250 °C), which is accompanied with the low-temperature endothermic effect. This indicates the presence of a system of stable hydrogen bonds in their crystal structure. Analysis of the IR‑spectra 1‑5 revealed that form and coordination of ligands is similar. Deprotonation of all carboxylic groups in the ligands (H5hpdta) and their bonding to germanium and d-metal is confirmed with the absence in the IR‑spectra 1‑5 absorption bands characteristic for the free СООН H5hpdta (1716 сm‑1) and nas(СОО-) і ns(СОО-) bands. Disappearance of the ν(С-OН)-1210 сm‑1 and appearance of the ν(С-O)alk., νas(Ge-O-M), νs(Ge-O- M) absorption band indicates that OH‑group of H5hpdta is deprotonated and performs bridging function. 2,2`-bipyridine bidentatly coordinates to the d-metal, binds to the O, N‑atoms of hpdta5- ligand and reaches coordination number 6. The last ligand plays the bringing role between Ge-dmetal, shows itself as ditopic, octadentate in total. According to the magnetic moments of 3, 4 and their diffuse reflection spectra, polyhedrons of Co (II), Ni (II) are octahedrons, which are realized due to the bidentate coordination of bipyridine and four bonds with nitrogen and oxygen of hpdta5-. Structure of heterometallic binuclear complexes 1‑5 is similar. Ligand hpdta5- shows itself as octadentate ditopic, all carboxylate groups monodentatly coordinate to metals, oxygen atom of the deprotonated OH‑group performs the bridging function.

Celebration of the Hyperreal Nostalgia: Categorization and Analysis of Visual Vaporwave Artefacts

Summary Vaporwave grabs the attention of internet voyager with harsh collages glued together in a technically primitive manner. It’s a cultural phenomenon which both originated and is active solely on the internet. In the context of general internet culture Vaporwave is exclusive in its aesthetics due to the domination of violet and pink colors, technically primitive quality of texts, fetishization of 8th and 9th decade mainstream commodities and acute nostalgic undertones. Vaporwave has been mostly explored as a music genre or sociological phenomenon, while its visual aspect has mostly remained unattended. This article seeks to analyze the conceptual aspects embodied within Vaporwave visuals, to briefly compare them with music, and to unpack the mechanism of nostalgia as an affective entry point to the movement. The interpretation is mainly lead by Jean Baudrillard’s theory of hyperreality, and interpretational principles of hermeneutics. Five Tumblr blogs were analyzed. Hermeneutic inquiry into the texts yielded seven distinct symbol categories differentiated by the affect they generate: nostalgic commodities, idyllic classics, melancholic landscapes, harsh distortions, gentle geometry, depressive texts, and ecstatic brands. Each of these categories here are elaborated in detail finally summarizing the multilayered symbolism of the movement. It can be described as nostalgically challenging visual conventions through harsh technical quality and opposing codes of behavior through open expressions of depression and melancholy, thus exposing the doubts of individual imprisoned in postmodern society. ’80s and ’90s here become hyperreal fantasy lands of the past where a nostalgic individual can find refuge. In comparison to music, the visual aspect of Vaporwave highlights the technology as central artefacts of nostalgia, introduces new ways to analyze late capitalist consumer culture, and brings an intimate dialogue with hyperreality to the front. The article suggests that Vaporwave is a post-ironic art movement which both celebrates and criticizes capitalism, finally remaining vague whether there are ways to escape the system, and whether these ways should even be looked for.

Optimization of a Sustainable Protocol for the Extraction of Anthocyanins as Textile Dyes from Plant Materials.

Anthocyanins are the largest group of polyphenolic pigments in the plant kingdom. These non-toxic, water-soluble compounds are responsible for the pink, red, purple, violet, and blue colors of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Anthocyanins are widely used in the production of food, cosmetic and textile products, in the latter case to replace synthetic dyes with natural and sustainable alternatives. Here, we describe an environmentally benign method for the extraction of anthocyanins from red chicory and their characterization by HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS. The protocol does not require hazardous solvents or chemicals and relies on a simple and scalable procedure that can be applied to red chicory waste streams for anthocyanin extraction. The extracted anthocyanins were characterized for stability over time and for their textile dyeing properties, achieving good values for washing fastness and, as expected, a pink-to-green color change that is reversible and can therefore be exploited in the fashion industry.