Effects Of Violence Research Articles

Understanding the Experience of Workplace Violence in Hospitals as Documented by Nursing Staff: Using the READ Approach.

Background: Workplace violence has a significant impact on patients, families, and staff safety. Workplace violence can produce traumatic results for those involved; the importance of preventive measures needs to be paramount in health service policy and process. Health care staff are required to document their experiences of violent incidents after every occasion, usually via an incident reporting system, which allows for a free text description of the event. There is a lack of understanding of how health care staff document reports of violence and how they explain the events. Methods: This study aims to determine the circumstances surrounding workplace violent events as documented by health care staff. The four-step Review, Extract, Analyze, and Document (READ) approach to document analysis was used to examine workplace violence incident reports over 12 months (September 2021-September 2022) in a tertiary referral hospital. Findings: Six categories of workplace violence were found: (a) "Escalation Dynamics"-patterns and progression of how violence incidents intensify; (b) "Warning Behaviors"-verbal or non-verbal signals that may foreshadow physical violence if not addressed; (c) "Authoritative Institutional Interventions"-how aggression correlates to protocols involving security personnel or law enforcement; (d) "Care Delivery Methods"-how certain treatment procedures and approaches might inadvertently elicit violence; (e) "Situational Stressors"-external circumstances or changes that act as triggers for violence; and (f) "Unprovoked triggers"-sudden and seemingly unprovoked violent outbursts. Conclusions and application to practice: Workplace violence in health care is a multifaceted interplay of events with the nurse involved in all aspects of the process. These findings can be used by occupational health nurses in education and policy development. The findings can be used to focus education on how violent incidents may escalate and provide more opportunities for de-escalation by health care staff.

Analysis of deformation evolution characteristics of the northern Lajishan fault before the Jishishan MS6.2 earthquake based on GNSS observations

A MS6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan Country in Gansu Province on 18 December 2023. The earthquake occurred on the eastern branch of the Northern Lajishan fault (NLJSF) which has never experienced such a violent seismic event in recorded history. In this study, multiple periods of GNSS campaign observation data and continuous observation data are collected to reveal the crustal deformation evolution characteristics of the eastern branch of the NLJSF before the earthquake, focusing on the dynamic behavior of the causative fault, regional strain parameter features, and the variation of GNSS baselines across the NLJSF. Velocity field data show that the differential movement on both sides of the fault zone before the earthquake accumulated energy for the occurrence of the earthquake. Cross-fault profile analyses indicate a noticeable weakening of horizontal shortening on both fault flanks, suggesting a nearing fault lockup. The baseline time series and strain parameter time series results both show that the study area is mainly NEE-trending compression deformation. In addition, before the earthquake, multiple baseline results and strain parameter time series deviated from the linear trend and gradually flattened, indicating a strain accumulation in the study area. The overall crustal deformation evolution shows a relatively high earthquake risk before the Lajishan earthquake.

Social ruination and alternative materialities in a dissonant landscape of modernity: The case of GAP in Halfeti, Turkey

I examine in this article state-led infrastructural projects as embodiments of modernity and the way their divergent material transformations “play out on the ground.” I argue that such projects, through the way they transform material surroundings, provide a commentary on these modernization processes and surpass the intention of their creators. I focus on Halfeti, a town impacted by the southeast Anatolian project (GAP), a state-led damming project in southeast Turkey. GAP drastically transformed the social and material fabric of the town with the aim of developing the region by becoming modern. GAP involved forced relocation, the construction of uninhabitable zones, the redistribution of habitable territory, and the imposition of living standards on individuals, and can thus be held accountable for ruination. I focus on the way GAP has reused and strategically appropriated ruins for political purposes, simultaneously I take the processual part of ruination, into account. Meaning an outcome of a situation in which one is left behind with material leftovers after destruction, including personal feelings and emotions that continue to play a role in the aftermath of a such a violent event. I explain how renovated houses in Old-Halfeti, as well as newly built structures in New-Halfeti evoke social ruination. Subsequently, through alternative materialities, as expression givers to complex stratifications of histories which are ignored in dominant state-led infrastructure projects, the impact and importance of neglected and submerged infrastructures are understood. Alternative materialities give way to the agency of the material, and the way it brings about affect, shapes longing or nostalgia and expresses different histories. By considering the intertwined dynamics of social ruination, political appropriation of spaces, and the unveiling of alternative materialities, a more nuanced understanding of this landscape emerges and demonstrates the dissonance of modernity.

The Church and Violence During Multiparty Elections in Kenya from 1992 to 2017

Violence fastened with the passion of religion predominantly continues cloaking the world at an alarming rate because violence does not only belong to everyone but it is also at the heart of the consecrated. It is no surprise therefore that violence in Kenya recurs virtually during every election resulting into polarization and tensions along religious and ethnic affiliations or both. The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between the Church and violence during multiparty politics in Kenya. This paper analyzed the role the church played in specific violent events during multiparty politics since 1992 up to 2017 in Kenya. In this regard the study responded to the question; what was the role of the church in the violent events during elections in multiparty politics since 1992 in Kenya? To answer this question the study investigated the role of the church in the specific violence which occurred during elections in 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2013 and 2017 election years in Kenya inferring that their roles influenced the occurrence of violence from time to time. The study was conducted through qualitative research method using historical research designs. The study established that the churches in Kenya played various roles in the violence; some of the churches kept quiet as violence flourished in their areas of jurisdiction because they conceived it as punitive and ungodly and in that way, they were in coordinated efforts; while some other churches condoned and extenuated circumstances that led to violent acts because they had a passive attitude towards the government authority having been part and parcel of it in calling for social changes; whereas some churches were not only complicit but endorsed and exhorted violence particularly by blessing youth warriors before going to fight in ethnic violence, believing that it was their religious duty to extirpate injustices and subdue evil in the sinful world using strategic acts of violence as necessary means of deterring large acts of violence and that they had the divine authority to legitimize violence so as to uproot the political evils bedeviling Kenya. In view of all these, the study concluded that the churches were metaphysically, morally, politically and criminally culpable for the violence during multiparty politics in Kenya. Consequently the study maintains that the church in Kenya, like it is with religion in general, is intrinsically violent in the version of a raging cosmic battle between “order” and “disorder” akin to the cosmic war theory as advanced by Mark Juergensmeyer. Often it is the boundary between ‘this world’ and the ‘other world’ that is blurred by church during electioneering period so that the supposedly cosmic battle becomes a real war when people shed real blood and die. The study recommends that it is important to understand the dynamics of the roles played in violence by other religious organization in multi religious nations like Kenya. The degree to which other faiths influence political views in Kenya with regard to election violence is critical. The issue of how the church can mitigate against the cyclic political violence in Kenya kept on evocating in the study. It is important to understand the remedies that the church can put in place to alleviate violence during elections in Kenya.

An Efficient Deep Learning Framework for Optimized Event Forecasting

There have been several catastrophic events that have impacted multiple economies and resulted in thousands of fatalities, and violence has generated a severe political and financial crisis. Multiple studies have been centered around the artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches that are most widely used in practice to detect or forecast violent activities. However, machine learning algorithms become less accurate in identifying and forecasting violent activity as data volume and complexity increase. For the prediction of future events, we propose a hybrid deep learning (DL)-based model that is composed of a convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and an attention layer to learn temporal features from the benchmark the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD is an internationally recognized database that includes around 190,000 violent events and occurrences worldwide from 1970 to 2020. We took into account two factors for this experimental work: the type of event and the type of object used. The LSTM model takes these complex feature extractions from the CNN first to determine the chronological link between data points, whereas the attention model is used for the time series prediction of an event. The results show that the proposed model achieved good accuracies for both cases—type of event and type of object—compared to benchmark studies using the same dataset (98.1% and 97.6%, respectively).

Actions That Build Peace from the Voices of Teachers Affected by the Armed Conflict in Colombia

For decades, the armed conflict in Colombia has profoundly impacted across various domains, causing psychosocial, economic, environmental, political, and moral damages throughout the country. One of the most affected sectors has been education, which involves all stakeholders within the educational system, particularly teachers who have directly or indirectly experienced this violence. This article, stemming from research on the resignification of armed conflict and peacebuilding, focuses on how teachers have transformed these impacts into educational actions that contribute to peacebuilding. We analysed the experiences and reflections of 412 participating teachers on-site in five conflict-affected zones in Colombia. Four main categories emerged: (1) psychosocial actions, (2) responsible teaching practices, (3) pedagogical actions, and (4) discussion and reflection spaces. These findings reveal insights not only about the actions that foster peace through school activities but also those within homes and, importantly, the work on oneself. While these actions may not be adopted by all teachers and do not guarantee immunity against future violent events, we believe this analysis could greatly benefit humanity. It prepares us to prevent and confront various forms of aggression, while also assisting in reframing everyday events that could nurture a vulnerable society suffering in silence.

THE NEXUS BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND RESOURCE THEFT: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY IN RESOURCE-RICH NATIONS

The nexus between crude oil theft, corruption, and national security in Nigeria is complex and multifaceted. Oil theft directly impacts the nation's economy by reducing government revenue, which in turn limits the resources available for critical public services, including security and law enforcement. Corruption, by weakening governance and fostering impunity, compounds these security threats, allowing criminal networks to thrive This study investigates the intricate relationship between crude oil theft, corruption, and national security in Nigeria. The study utilised a longitudinal research design, examining secondary data from 2013 to 2023, including metrics such as oil theft, political corruption, violent events, and fatalities. Data from sources like the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA), and the World Bank's political corruption index were analysed using Poisson regression to assess the effects of oil theft and corruption on national security. Findings revealed that crude oil theft has a statistically significant positive relationship with violent events, while political corruption, represented by the political corruption index, shows a strong negative relationship with security, with an estimate of - 26.475. This could imply that corruption may sometimes act as a stabilising force whereby, in corrupt systems, those in power might suppress violence to maintain order and avoid public attention that could threaten their positions. However, political corruption has a substantial positive effect on fatalities, with an estimate of 19.589. This highlights that as corruption increases, fatalities rise significantly, pointing to the detrimental impact of corruption on state institutions and the rule of law. These findings also suggest that while crude oil theft directly contributes to insecurity, political corruption may reduce overt violence by maintaining fragile stability. Therefore, addressing these issues requires a nuanced approach. Policymakers must recognise that combating corruption and oil theft alone will not be sufficient to ensure national security; instead, strategies should tackle both issues simultaneously, understanding that reducing visible violence does not always eliminate the underlying causes of insecurity.

THE TREND IN CORRUPTION, CRUDE OIL THEFT, AND NATIONAL SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA

Over the past decade, Nigeria has faced a complex set of challenges, with corruption, crude oil theft, and national security issues being at the forefront. These problems have created a vicious cycle, where each issue exacerbates the other, leading to significant economic, political, and social repercussions. This study employs a longitudinal research design to investigate the relationship between national security, crude oil theft, and political corruption in Nigeria from 2013 to 2023. Nigeria, a leading global oil producer, has long grappled with security challenges, particularly in the Niger Delta region, where crude oil theft, violent events, and corruption have been pervasive. Using secondary data sourced from repositories, the study examines trends in crude oil theft, violent fatalities, and political corruption. Data were cleaned and analysed using R. The analysis reveals fluctuating trends in crude oil theft and corruption over the decade, with periods of peak activity aligning with political and security instability. The highest levels of crude oil theft were recorded in 2013 and 2023, while the political corruption index saw a significant decline from 2015 onwards, suggesting the partial success of anti-corruption measures. The findings highlight a complex interplay between corruption and oil theft, with spikes in violence and fatalities corresponding to key years of political unrest. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions to address the cyclical nature of corruption, theft, and insecurity in Nigeria’s oil sector.

Beyond inhalation protection: Assessing cloth mask effectiveness as source control devices

This study investigates the effectiveness of cloth masks as source control devices during violent respiratory events such as coughing and sneezing. Utilizing a novel experimental platform integrating a mechanical cough simulator and high-speed laser visualization, we quantitatively assess the filtration efficiency of various cloth mask materials. Our results reveal significant variability in the cumulative escaped droplet volume across different fabrics, challenging the assumption that fabrics with similar porosity yield comparable performance. We introduce the concept of active porosity, highlighting its critical role in mask performance for source control, and demonstrate that masks with lower active porosity more effectively mitigate droplet transmission. Furthermore, our findings suggest that a mask's performance in inhalation protection does not directly correlate with its efficacy in source control, emphasizing the need for tailored testing standards. The study also explores the impact of water content on mask performance, revealing that moisture accumulation can significantly alter the filtration efficiency and pressure dynamics of the mask, potentially compromising its protective seal. These insights provide a foundation for improving cloth mask design and standards to better address the challenges of airborne transmission during pandemics.

LGBTQ Visibility Measured Consistently and Persistently in US Twitter Bios from 2012 through 2023

LGBTQ visibility is an often discussed but rarely quantified concept. Here we operationalize visibility as the prevalence of active social media accounts with an LGBTQ signifier in the profile bio and measure the prevalence of such accounts consistently and persistently at daily resolution over twelve years in the United States. We found that prevalence for the signifiers lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer increased. The term ‘gay’ grew most rapidly. Accounts with LGBTQ signifiers were especially visible on days corresponding to political or violent events. The rainbow flag emoji also increased in prevalence, including a notable ratchet each June (Pride Month). This work is a case study in ipseology – i.e. the study of human identity using large datasets and computational methods. Social scientists should embrace ipseology as a new opportunity to observe how people describe their selves to a public audience.

Monitoring violence in healthcare. A lesson from the pandemic

Abstract Introduction Violence against healthcare workers is a serious, underreported, and underestimated problem. Only a few healthcare companies have efficient violence monitoring systems and risk assessment is often entrusted to non-validated algorithms. The monitoring system implemented in 2005 in a public health company allowed for an accurate analysis of the phenomenon. Methods For the entire observation period (2005-2023), the one-year prevalence of violent incidents (physical assaults, threats, and harassment) has been reported by all during the periodic medical examination in the workplace. Furthermore, after each periodical inspection of workplaces, the occupational doctor requested a detailed description of violent events that occurred in the department, using the Violent Incident Form distributed online anonymously. Results In 2005/6 the one-year prevalence of physical assaults was 8.2%. Prevention efforts led to a moderate reduction in the rate (7.8% in 2011/12). A collapse in rates was observed in 2021 (3.2%). In 2022, physical violence rose again to 5.6%. Harassment affected 19.6% of workers in 2005/6, falling to 7.2% in 2021 and rising again to 21.6% in 2022. Physical violence perpetrated by patients was more frequent in psychiatric services (OR 25.7, CI95% 11.1; 59.6) and violence perpetrated by visitors in emergency and urgence services (OR 8.8, CI95% 3.8; 20.5) than in general services. Workers attributed the drop in attacks primarily to the filtering of access to work areas, which limited the presence of visitors and relatives. The lower demand for services had also resulted in an optimal ratio between staff and patients, improving the quality of care. Furthermore, in the very first pandemic phase, health workers enjoyed a very favorable consideration from the population, which had further reduced the causes of conflict. Conclusions The pandemic has shown that better relationships between patients/visitors and staff are effective in reducing violence. Key messages • Monitoring of violence against healthcare workers shows that it has decreased during the pandemic. • HCWs believe that (i) limiting visitor access (ii) better balancing demand for services and (iii) better opinion towards HCWs were the causes of the reduced rate of violence.

Decolonization is liberation: Operationalization of decolonial model of counseling using liberation psychology principles with the Latine population(s)

AbstractThe need for culturally affirming mental health interventions for Latine communities has been documented in the literature. Most of this literature centers around best practices, barriers to care, and Latine cultural values. Although much of this literature calls for providing services that acknowledge the specific needs of these communities and value ancestral knowledge, there is a void in the literature when exploring liberatory mental health interventions. Therefore, the present manuscript aims to offer readers a five‐stage counseling model centered on the decolonization process. The model integrates the principles of liberation psychology as interventions and outcomes, beginning with the stages of decolonization presented by Enriquez and further developed by Laenui. Furthermore, the model unpacks the principles of liberation psychology, such as deideologization, and provides bases to challenge the dominant social forces that shape realities. In addition, liberation psychology approaches imply Native counseling approaches, indicating that counselors must be familiar with precolonial cultures. The manuscript ends with recommendations for practitioners and implications for the counseling field, including the need to acknowledge trauma, given that colonization was a violent event.

Filicide: The most tragic family violence event

Filicide: The most tragic family violence event Thea Brown, Professor Emeritus AM from Monash University, Caulfield in Australia, guides us through filicide, the most tragic family violence event. Filicide, the killing of a child or children by a parent, stepparent or equivalent guardian, is a tragic international problem, provoking shock and horror in the child’s family and the wider community. Often thought of as rare, incidence studies show it is not (Brown, Lyneham, Bryant, Tomison, Tyson, Fernandez Arias, Bricknell, 2019; Dawson, 2019; Buiten, 2022). Moreover, incidence has been shown to be alarmingly high in some more affluent nations, like the United States, Australia, and New Zealand (Pritchard, Davey, and Williams, 2013).

Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool for Hospitalised Patients in Non-Psychiatric Inpatient Units.

To refine and validate an electronic version of the Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool (ABRAT) and determine the sensitivity and specificity for identifying potentially violent patients in non-psychiatric inpatient units. A prospective cohort study design was used. All patients admitted or transferred to three inpatient units of an acute care hospital in Nebraska, USA, from 7 February to 9 April 2023, were included. The 10-item ABRAT assessments were performed daily for the first 3 days of admission. The violent events were collected until discharge in three categories: Physical aggression towards others, physical aggression towards property and verbal intimidation/threat towards others. Kendall's tau tests and a multivariate logistic regression procedure were performed to select a parsimonious set of items that best predict violent events. Of 1179 patients, 69 had ≥1 violent event (5.9%). The revised six-item tool with item weighting was named ABRAT for Hospitalised Patients (ABRAT-H). The area under the curve from the Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis was 0.82. The sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff score of two were 68.1% and 85.2%, respectively. As ABRAT-H scores increased, the percentage of violent patients also increased and for patients with scores ≥5, 55.2% became violent. ABRAT-H appears to be useful for identifying potentially violent patients in non-psychiatric inpatient units with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. The availability of ABRAT-H may help provide focused preventive measures that target patients at high risk for violence and reduce violent events. A majority of the nursing workforce is employed in acute care hospital setting, and the availability of ABRAT-H can further enhance the culture of a safe work environment and have positive impacts not only on the nurses' physical and mental health but also on the quality of patient care. We have adhered to relevant STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies. No Patient or Public Contribution.

All-optical infrasound sensor based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer

Recent demands for infrasound measurement, whether for detecting violent atmospheric events or evaluating the environmental impact of wind farms, require new acoustic calibration standards in the frequency range below 2Hz. Expanding the frequency bandwidth of microphones remains a limited strategy since they are designed to filter out continuous components. An alternative method for measuring infrasound is proposed, which relies on a Fabry-Perot interferometer. This technique has been studied extensively for static pressure measurements with success. Therefore, adapting a Fabry-Perot refractometer to perform acoustic measurements is not only a technical challenge but also an opportunity to bridge the gap between static pressures and acoustic metrology. As acoustic movement involves both small pressure and temperature variations, it is important to account for their coupled effects in interferometer measurement results. Since the temperature variation field in the measurement system cannot be characterised experimentally, an analytical model has been developed. The chosen theoretical and technical solutions are validated by the good agreement between experimental results obtained with the refractometer carried out and other calibrated sensors in the frequency range from 40mHz to 1.5Hz. These results also highlight the improvements required to bring the device up to the level of an infrasound reference instrument.

Workplace Violence Against Emergency Medical Services (EMS): A Prospective 12-Month Cohort Study Evaluating Prevalence and Risk Factors Within a Large, Multistate EMS Agency

Objectives To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of workplace violence (WPV) experienced by emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians across a large, multistate ground/air EMS agency. Methods We used a prospective cohort study design from 1 December 2022 to 30 November 2023. A checkbox was added within the electronic medical record (EMR) asking staff to indicate whether WPV occurred. Patient characteristics, encounter (run), and crew factors were abstracted. Potential risk factors for WPV were assessed using logistic regression, with the occurrence of any form of violence as the primary outcome of interest. Models were both univariable, assessing each risk factor individually, and multivariable, assessing all risk factors together to identify independent factors associated with higher risk of WPV. Multivariable model results were reported using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 102,632 runs were included, 95.7% (n = 98,234) included checkbox documentation. There were 843 runs (0.86 per 100 runs, 95% CI 0.80–0.92) identified by EMS clinicians as WPV having occurred, including verbal abuse (n = 482), physical assault (n = 142), and both abuse and assault (n = 219). Risk factors for violence included male patient gender (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.24–1.70, p < 0.001), Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) >1 (aOR 16.97, 95% CI 13.71–21.01, p < 0.001), and 9-1-1 runs to include emergent (P1; aOR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.17–2.63, p = 0.007) and urgent (P2; aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.08–2.50, p = 0.021) priority, compared to P3/scheduled transfer or P4/trip requests. Factors associated with lower risk for violence included older patients (aOR per 10 years = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.98, p = 0.007) and run time of day between 0601–1200 h compared to 0000–0600 h (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.88, p = 0.004). Only 2.7% of violent runs captured through the EMR were reported through official processes. Conclusions Verbal and/or physical violence is recognized in nearly 1% of EMS runs. We recommend prioritizing WPV prevention and mitigation strategies around identified risk factors and simplifying the WPV reporting process in order to reduce staff administrative burden and encourage optimal capturing of violent events.

Drifting vessel statistics and emergency towing cases

Abstract Recent climate studies forecast violent weather events with impact on the safety of maritime transportation. For example, harsh weather may result in system failures such as blackouts or loss of steering capability. Problems met when performing planned maintenance at sea may lead to adverse events if the weather cause delays or makes it impossible to complete the planned work. A drifting vessel in general is a liability for collisions with offshore structures, groundings, and total loss due to capsizing. The increasing use of ocean structures for energy production at sea (coastal and deepwater windfarms) and the transfer of fish farming structures to more exposed locations increase the probability of collisions between drifting ships and ocean structures. To mitigate risks, several incidents and their consequences have been analysed by national administrations. In some cases, these analyses have recommended the use of dedicated emergency towing resources. The willingness of the national governments to fund such resources is directly related to the time since the last major incident in their territorial waters. This paper reviews some recent cases of emergency towing operations in Norwegian waters and highlights challenges interlinked to setting up an emergency towing connection between a drifting ship and an emergency towing vessel in harsh weather.

Echoes of violence: experiences of Palestinian Arab students in Israeli academia during the violent events of May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the challenges faced by Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel (PAI) who are students in Israeli higher education institutions amidst periods of national turbulence and violence, particularly focusing on the violent events of May 2021. Using interviews with students, academics, and members of civil society organisations, the paper puts forth a constructivist grounded theory model that charts the impact of the violent events of May 2021 on PAI students. It reveals that students’ experiences of violence, in various forms, give rise to a host of emotional, social, and political processes that heighten their awareness of the structural violence of the broader Israeli-Palestinian struggle. In response, PAI students withdraw both physically and mentally from their campuses and concurrently mobilise within their communities to address unmet needs neglected by official authorities. The perceptions of PAI students regarding their institutions’ responses to political issues are marked by intense cynicism—a sentiment that is mitigated by individual supportive initiatives by faculty members. Based on the findings, the paper argues that periods of political escalation are not to be viewed as fleeting events that heighten emotions but rather as critical junctures where identities and perceptions are formed, leaving an impact that lasts long after the immediate turbulence subsides.

Contentious memories of a riot dog: The Matapacos statue intervention during the 2019/2020 social uprising in Chile

This article revolves around a case study of the Matapacos statue intervention that took place during the 2019/2020 Chilean social uprising.1 I examine how the introduction of a large statue of the riot dog Negro Matapacos into the urban space of the Chilean capital of Santiago disrupted the traditional monumental landscape by making visible a range of counter-hegemonic mnemonic narratives that converged and reinforced each other in a multidirectional dynamic. The statue intervention was part of a more extensive reconfiguration of the sensible in the urban space during the mobilisation, driven by the activists’ immense aesthetic output, which in turn fed into the emergence of the collective political subject of the Chilean mass movement. Although the statue intervention evoked memories of violent events, it was characterised by a joyful and celebratory atmosphere, which demonstrates the mobilising role of nontraumatic mnemonic practices in the context of activism.

Risky Business. Interventions to Prevent Aggression Against Health Workers From Patients at Risk: An Integrative Review.

To identify best practices to prevent violence against healthcare workers by patients at risk for aggression in the adult inpatient setting. An integrative review. Conducted using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-based Practice for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals Model. Title and abstract screening on 4186 articles resulted in 156 for full text review. Full text screening yielded 14 articles that met inclusion criteria. A search of the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and JBI from January 2019 to February 2023. The review revealed behavioural intervention teams, environmental changes, and coordinated communication plans were the most used strategies, however none demonstrated significant decreases in violence. Health systems can implement strategies shown to decrease the incidence of violence in healthcare settings globally. Lack of consistency in the evidence suggests the need for further research to assess mitigating strategies for violence against healthcare workers in inpatient hospital settings. Patient safety is a cornerstone of nursing practice; however, healthcare workers need to feel safe in their work environment. Violent events are chronically underreported, ill defined, and when reported, do not address change in the practice setting. Identifying strategies to address escalating behaviour before it results in violence is crucial for everyone's safety. This integrative review exposes the scarcity of evidence available to address rising concerns about patients on healthcare provider violence (Type II) in the workplace. Although several assessment tools for identifying violent patients exist, evidence regarding prevention is woefully absent. The review highlights potential interventions for further study to equip healthcare workers to manage patients safely and effectively before an escalation occurs. PRISMA checklist for integrative reviews. No patient or public contribution was part of this review.