Violence Research Articles

Unveiling Violence and Masculinity through a Psychoanalytic Study of Sam Shepard's Curse of the Starving Class (1977), Sarah Kane' Blasted (1995) and The Body of a Woman as a Battlefield in Bosnian War (1996) by Matei Visniec

The examination of violence and its association with masculinity is depicted in three distinct plays: Blasted, written by Sarah Kane in 1995; Curse of the Starving Class, authored by Sam Shepard in 1977 (it was made into a Hollywood film in 1994); and Matei Vişniec’ The Body of a Woman as a Battlefield in the Bosnian War (1996). Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study employs close textual analysis and an extensive review of relevant literature to examine the representation of violence and masculinity in theatrical framework while also exploring the wider societal implications of such portrayals. The chosen plays present a wide range of viewpoints regarding violence, encompassing both highly intense manifestations of violence and the repercussions of warfare on the individuals. This analysis utilizes Judith Butler's theory of gender construction and Antonio Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty in order to examine the ways in which these plays either challenge or uphold conventional gender. Furthermore, it investigates the intricate correlation between trauma and aggressive conduct as depicted in the plays. By going deeply into the text and exploring its underlying concepts, it reveals the crucial function of theater in tackling and evaluating complex social problems. The plays act as a mirror for society viewpoints, forcing readers and the audiences to face uncomfortable truths about aggression, masculinity, and emotional anguish. The impacts of trauma on individuals and communities are brought to light. These plays demonstrate how war trauma can induce rage and promote violent behavior. It also highlights the power of theater to challenge harmful social conventions and catalyze positive social change by challenging traditional gender roles and power dynamics. Improving the audiences understanding of cultural attitudes and potential paths for societal change, this study contributes significantly to the assessment of violence and masculinity as depicted in theatrical performances.

Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa pada Ny. R Dengan Masalah Utama Risiko Perilaku Kekerasan Akibat Skizofrenia Tak Terinci di Ruang Arimbi RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a variety of causes, where each patient exhibits different clinical manifestations, therapeutic responses, and disease progression. Clinical manifestations of schizophrenia include disorganized speech, restlessness, pacing, and aggression, often exhibited through violent behavior. According to WHO data, in 2019, approximately 24 million people worldwide suffered from schizophrenia (WHO, 2019). The purpose of this paper is to understand the nursing care process for Mrs. R, with the main issue being the risk of violent behavior due to unspecified schizophrenia. The writing method used is a descriptive case study through a nursing process approach, where the assessment is conducted using interview techniques, observation, documentation review, and literature study. The nursing diagnoses identified include the risk of violent behavior, self-concept disturbance: low self-esteem, and self-care deficit. The interventions developed involve implementing strategies for both the patient and the family. The evaluation of the nursing care for Mrs. R showed that the diagnosis of risk of violent behavior was partially resolved, and the self-care deficit was resolved.

Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa pada Ny. N dengan Masalah Utama Risiko Perilaku Kekerasan Akibat Skizofrenia Paranoid di Ruang Arimbi RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder known for unclear thoughts, strange behavior and unreal sensory experiences that affect a person's thinking, feeling and acting and can make it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Patients with schizophrenia who experience delusions often feel angry and may be violent towards people they believe have hurt them. Uncontrolled anger in patients with schizophrenia will cause the risk of violent behavior (Auliati & Lubis, 2023; Wulandari et al., 2024).

A cyberterrorist behind the keyboard

Abstract Given the diverse backgrounds of people living in modern societies as well as the international nature of cyber-terrorist threats, profiling the type of person behind cyber-mediated crimes has become a norm in terrorist profiling practice. This study contributes to timely efficient terrorist profiling and threat assessment by showcasing an automated content analysis of cyber-mediated terrorist texts, using natural language processing technology and AI-assisted analysis. To characterise the terrorist type of texts and provide clues to threats, the study employs a ‘psycholinguistic profiling’ approach to authorship analysis (Grant 2008). That is, it seeks to describe the likelihood of an author’s engagement in violent extremist activity, identify motives for violence, and provide clues vis-a-vis would-be and actual violent behaviours. The study takes twenty texts produced by international terrorists involved in jihadism and far-right violent extremism as a case study. The findings reveal the investigative value of automated psycholinguistic profiling for security and intelligence practitioners, with the semantic patterns yielding helpful information for an understanding of the criminal nature of terrorist language. Also revealed is the attentional pattern of extremists and their discourse together with clues-based conclusions about text type, as well as ‘warning’ behaviours and motives for aggression which vary according to the authors’ ideological differences.

Motivations for Methamphetamine (Mkpurummiri) Use and Consequences Among Nigerian Users

Media reports show that methamphetamine use is growing in Nigeria, but there is a paucity of empirical research that examines the motivations for, and consequences of, using the drug. In this study, we explored motivations or reasons for methamphetamine use and implications among 18 users and service providers. We analysed the data thematically to generate themes. The findings show that while most users initiated methamphetamine use in friendship networks, drug dealing also facilitated the initiation. Some participants were motivated to use methamphetamine to stay awake at night and engage in online businesses, while others used the drug to enhance their energy for manual work to improve productivity and enhance sexual drive, performance and pleasure. Although participants believed that methamphetamine use performed some functions, they reported its adverse effects on them and their friends, including irritation, hostility, extreme violent behaviour, delusion, psychiatric disorders, and inability to urinate or defecate for seven days. Additional findings showed that stigma is a prominent barrier to accessing treatment. Therefore, individuals do not use treatment facilities until their condition deteriorates. The findings suggest the need for the urgent provision of information to deter people from methamphetamine uptake and to provide interventions and pathways to treatment that will protect people who use methamphetamine from stigmatisation and other forms of discrimination.

New perspectives on fighting violence against women.

Gender-based violence (GBV) and, more specifically, violence against women (VAW) are commonly considered a consequence of a patriarchal structure-a social system granting the senior male absolute authority over the family and the community as a whole. Anthropologists have documented that human male dominance is rooted in evolution, with male violent behavior observed among the great apes. Given that evolution is a continuous process, human progress over millennia has modified pre-existing behavior, demonstrating that humans can move beyond ancestral ways of life over time. Precisely because of the imperative to change and improve, at the global international level as well as in individual countries, strong movements are in action to eliminate GBV/VAW. FIGO has been and continues to be at the forefront of the battle for equality, with initiatives that cover many aspects of this, including the imperative to involve men, who-in the majority of cases-are the perpetrators. Since men are often the root of the problem, they must also be at the forefront of the battle to eradicate it. GBV/VAW comprises many facets, including selective female abortion, infanticide, femicide, honor killing, female genital mutilation, and child marriage. These deeply rooted forms of violence continue to perpetuate gender inequalities, remain major obstacles to health and societal progress, and violate the most basic human rights.

Reproductive Health and Domestic Violence: An Evidence Based Study from District Gujrat (Pakistan)

Domestic violence is generally part of the patterns of violent behavior and control rather than an isolated act of physical aggression. Domestic violence can take a variety of forms, including physical assault, psychological apprehension, constant belittling, intimidation, humiliation, and coercive sex, among others. It frequently can include controlling behavior such as isolating women from family, friends, self-esteem, and movements and restricting their access to fundamental human rights that are significantly associated with the psycho-social and reproductive health of women. Keeping in consideration the importance and sensitivity of the issue, the researcher tries in this study to explore the primary motives behind domestic violence that leads to aggressive behaviors and its impacts on women's reproductive health in our society. The researcher approached the researcher's district police office and obtained the list of registered cases regarding domestic violence in the district of Gujrat, Punjab. The findings of the study indicated that most of the women are the victims of domestic violence (physically, mentally, and sexually) and face discrimination and limited access to reproductive health services and pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. Results highlighted that domestic violence intensively influenced women's physical as well as psychological conditions that led them towards mental, social, and economic disruptions. The sexual violence, including forced or coerced relationships and unwilling pregnancies, among others, significantly affected the reproductive health and well-being of women.

Partners in crime: Integrating forensic psychotherapy into criminological discourse

This article advocates for the integration of forensic psychotherapy into criminology to deepen our understanding of criminal behaviour, particularly serious youth violence. Despite historical interest in psychoanalytic explanations for criminal behaviour, the exploration of unconscious motivations has been marginalised. Our article emphasises the need to consider both inner psyche and external social factors by drawing on contemporary theorising in the field of psychosocial criminology and forensic psychotherapy. By presenting the case study of Rob, a young person with a history of violence, we highlight the role of forensic psychotherapy in better understanding the motivations behind an individual's violent behaviour. By adopting a case study approach, we highlight the limitations of solely attributing offending behaviour to structural inequalities. This article therefore calls for a broader consideration of forensic psychotherapeutic modalities in criminological thinking to offer more comprehensive explanations for serious youth violence. This shift towards a more holistic understanding holds promise for more effective prevention and rehabilitation strategies in the field of youth justice.

Distinct impulsivity profiles in subtypes of violence among community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders: a longitudinal study

BackgroundAlthough only a few patients with severe mental disorders (SMD) can commit violent behaviour in the community, violent behaviour aggravates the stigma towards patients with SMD. Understanding the subtypes of violent behaviour may be beneficial for preventing violent behaviour among patients with SMD, but it has rarely been studied.MethodsThis longitudinal study investigated 1914 patients with SMD in the community at baseline, and the follow-up period ranged from February 2021 to August 2021. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version-11, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire and the MacArthur Community Violence Instrument were used at baseline. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale was used to assess the occurrence of violent behaviour (outcome) during the follow-up period. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Latent class analysis was used to characterise the subtypes of patients with SMD who engaged in violent behaviour at follow-up.ResultsWe found that 7.2% of patients with SMD presented violent behaviour within six months in the community. Younger age (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-1.00, p = 0.016) and no economic source (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10–2.33, p = 0.014) were risk factors for violent behaviour. Patients with SMD who engaged in violent behaviour could be classified into three subtypes: one class characterised by a history of violence and impulsivity, another class characterised by high levels of aggression and motor impulsivity, and the last class characterised by median cognitive impulsivity.ConclusionsSocio-demographic factors were risk factors for violent behaviour among patients with SMD, which could eliminate the discrimination toward this group. Impulsivity played a vital role in identifying the three subtypes of patients with SMD who engaged in violent behaviour. These findings may be helpful for the development of a personalised violence risk management plan for patients with SMD who commit violent behaviour in the community.

The impact of violent behavior on co-offender selection: Evidence of behavioral homophily

The impact of violent behavior on co-offender selection: Evidence of behavioral homophily

Strategies for Implementing GlobalConsent to Prevent Sexual Violence in University Men (SCALE): study protocol for a national implementation trial

BackgroundGlobally, women 15–24 years are at heightened risk of sexual violence victimization, a risk factor for adverse mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes. Sexual violence is common at universities and most often perpetrated by men, yet few evidence-based prevention strategies targeting men have been tested in low- and middle-income countries. GlobalConsent is a six-module, web-based educational program adapted from an efficacious U.S.-based program. Nine months post-treatment in a randomized trial in Vietnam, GlobalConsent reduced men’s sexually violent behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95%CI 0.50–1.00) and increased prosocial intervening behavior (OR = 1.51, 1.00–2.28) relative to an attention-control. Evidence regarding optimal implementation strategies for scale up is needed.MethodsWe will randomize six medical universities in North, Central, and South Vietnam to deliver GlobalConsent using two different packages of implementation strategies that vary in intensity. Higher-intensity strategies will include greater (1) pre- and post-implementation engagement with university leaders and faculty and (2) greater pre-implementation outreach, follow-up, and incentives for students to promote engagement and completion of GlobalConsent. Higher intensity universities will receive additional training and support for their added activities. We will compare implementation drivers and outcomes, intervention effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness across the two implementation bundles. Our mixed-methods comparative interrupted time series design includes (1) qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys with university leaders and implementation teams to assess implementation barriers and facilitators; (2) repeated surveys with leaders and faculty, implementation teams, and male students to assess multilevel implementation drivers and outcomes; (3) repeated surveys with male students to assess behavioral outcomes (sexual violence and intervening behavior) and mediating variables (knowledge, attitudes, affect, and capacities); and (4) time diaries and cost tracking to assess cost-effectiveness of the two implementation-strategies bundles.DiscussionThis project is the first to assess packages of implementation strategies to deliver an efficacious web-based sexual violence prevention program for undergraduate men across all regions of Vietnam and synergizes with a violence-prevention training initiative (D43TW012188). This approach will produce rigorous evidence about how to disseminate GlobalConsent nationally, which holds promise to reduce gender-based health inequities linked to sexual violence as GlobalConsent is brought to scale.Trial registrationNCT06443541. Retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on June 05, 2024.

Наркотики в армии: постановка вопроса и попытка переосмысления данной проблемы в мировом масштабе. Часть I

The purpose of the study is to study the determinants (social, moral, behavioral, psychophysiological, purely pathological, etc.) that can motivate military personnel to consume illegal psychoactive substances. An additional goal is the desire to give an objective assessment of the attempts of Western politicians to create a “universal soldier”, and in fact, a kamikaze of the 21st century (“suicide bomber-drug addict”). Research methods: the theoretical and methodological basis of the work is a set of philosophical, criminological, socio-psychological, medical-biological and political science approaches through which the problem of drug addiction in the military environment is studied. The criminological concept of causality and the interdisciplinary approach to the study of drug crime were most widely used in the process of writing this article. Conclusions: despite the fact that military personnel are an organic part of society, drug addiction in the army should be considered as a rather specific social phenomenon. Drug consumption in the military environment (at the micro level) shows an upward trend only in cases where the psychological and pedagogical support of personnel is not carried out professionally enough, and the discipline and microclimate in the team “leave much to be desired.” In general (already at the macro level), the determination of drug use by military personnel is determined by the influence of social, socio-economic, political, cultural (subcultural), psychological (including ethnopsychological) and medical and biological factors. The problems of drug addiction among personnel are more relevant for NATO countries than for Russia (which over many centuries has developed its own, unique approach to educating defenders of the Fatherland). The experiments of Western specialists on “mind control” of military personnel using all kinds of drugs (stimulants) and neurochips deserve close attention. Such activities (directed to harm people) should be recognized as inhumane and illegal. Scientific and practical significance of the study: The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the research results lies in the fact that it provides a clinical and psychological interpretation of the aggressive and violent behavior of military personnel who abuse psychotropic substances and narcotic drugs (using the example of personnel of the armies of foreign states). The practical significance of this article lies in the fact that the conclusions and recommendations formulated in it can contribute to the development of measures to optimize educational and psychological-pedagogical work with military personnel of the Russian army, for the early identification of persons both distributing prohibited psychoactive substances among colleagues and regularly using them.

Mindfulness-Based Asmaul Husna and changes in general adaptive function response among schizophrenia: A Quasi-experimental study

Background. Poor functional capacity is one of the factors that increase the risk of recurrence of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Mindfulness is a treatment potentially help patients become fully accepting of their conditions and conscious of it, allowing them to regulate unpleasant emotions and increase awareness of positive emotions. Methods. This study aimed to investigate effect of mindfulness-based Asmaul Husna on the overall adaptive functioning of individuals with schizophrenia. This quasi-experiment times series study involved 36 participants selected with simple random sampling. The inclusion criteria of participants were adult Muslim with schizophrenia who had a PANSS-EC score <10, mild symptoms, risk of violent behavior. Participants with severe symptoms and complications from other diseases were excluded. Mindfulness-based Asmaul Husna consisted of Musyahadah-witnessing, tassawur-imagination, tafakkur-contemplation, tadabbur-reflection, and muhasabah-self-introspection was given to each participant over five days. A modified-Global Assessment Functioning (m-GAF) scale used to measure participants' general adaptive functional responses before and after intervention including follow-up at the first and second month after the intervention. Results. There was a significant increase of the m-GAF score (p < 0.001) and a chi-square value of 177.2 after the implementation of mindfulness-based Asmaul Husna intervention. The highest mean score difference was observed at the first and second follow-ups, conducted one and two months after the interventions. The effect size calculated using Kendall’s Wa indicates a significant effect (0.821). Conclusion. The study suggests there is a positive effect of the mindfulness-based Asmaul Husna intervention on adaptive functioning of people with schizophrenia.

Unveiling covert psychopathy: a case report utilizing the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised scale in the forensic psychiatric setting

This case report explores the diagnostic complexities and treatment challenges associated with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in a forensic psychiatric setting. Utilizing the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) scale, we assessed a 29-year-old male previously detained for two attempted murders and investigated for insulting a public official. Despite a history of mood and psychotic symptoms, previous evaluations failed to identify underlying psychopathic traits. Our assessment revealed a PCL-R score of 33/40, indicating a clear picture of psychopathy. The subject exhibited aggressive and violent behaviors from childhood, including cruelty to animals and reckless actions. Diagnoses over time included attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders, reflecting significant diagnostic heterogeneity. The case underscores the importance of comprehensive psychopathy assessments in forensic contexts, particularly when previous diagnoses and treatments have been inconsistent. Our findings highlight the potential of the PCL-R scale as a valuable tool for identifying covert psychopathic traits, which are often underestimated. This study calls for further research into the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for psychopathy and ASPD, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions in correctional institutions to mitigate the risk of recidivism.

Applying a Racial Lens to the "Cycle of Violence".

One overlooked result in a 1989 Science paper on the "cycle of violence" was a race-specific increase in risk for arrest for violence among Black maltreated children, but not White maltreated children. We examine whether race differences in the cycle of violence are explained by risk factors traditionally associated with violence. Using a prospective design, maltreated and non-maltreated children were matched on age, sex, race, and approximate family social class and interviewed at mean age 28.7years (N = 1196). Arrest histories were obtained through age 50.5. Regression analyses included maltreatment, race, self-reported violent behavior, and risk factors (e.g., family, school, neighborhood variables). For arrests for violent crime, race was a significant predictor, whereas childhood maltreatment was not significant. For violent arrests, there was a significant race × maltreatment interaction when the total number of risk factors were included controlling for self-reported violent behaviors. For self-reported violent behaviors, childhood maltreatment remained significant for some risk factors. However, race did not predict self-reported violent behaviors. Offending behavior and traditional risk factors did not explain the disproportionate arrests among Black maltreated children. This disparity in the cycle of violence may reflect complex processes influenced by racial bias or structural racism.

Addressing Gender-based Violence Against Girl in Australia High School

Gender-based violence refers to violent behaviours based on gender identity or power imbalances between genders. One-third of Australian young women have suffered from different forms of gender-based violence. As the primary front for public health promotion, schools should take measures to prevent gender-based violence. This paper introduces three school-based programs for preventing gender-based violence in Australian high schools. It provides recommendations on school policies and assessments of programs to help prevent gender-based violence.

Exploring the factors influencing information security policy compliance and violations: A systematic literature review

Despite advancements in security technology, the prevalence of insider threats has been on the rise in recent years. Organizations implement Information Security Policies (ISPs) that outline the expected security-related behavior and compliance standards for employees. Ensuring and enhancing ISP compliance and reducing violations is crucial for organizations to maintain their security posture. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims to synthesize the existing research on ISP compliance and violations to identify the underlying factors behind employee policy violations and delve into the factors that promote compliance with ISPs. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for understanding these behaviors, this SLR identifies the prominent theories used to explain ISP compliance and violation. A comprehensive search is conducted across different academic databases, applying defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to select the relevant studies between 2012 and 2023. To understand intentional violations, we categorize and analyze studies on ISP violations based on Moral Disengagement, Neutralization and Deterrence, Stress, and Monitoring mechanisms. For ISP compliance, we categorize and analyze studies based on individual-level decision-making and organizational-level factors. We identified forty-seven factors that influence compliance behavior and forty-one factors that determine non-compliance behavior. Fourteen common factors were identified from prior literature, which were determinants of both compliance and violation behaviors, with opposite directions of influence. By considering both compliance and noncompliance simultaneously, organizations can develop more effective strategies for enhancing compliance and mitigating noncompliance.

Investigating Approaches Utilized by Instructors to Navigate Classroom Organization Issues in Higher Education Environments

The primary goal of the study was to investigate the perspectives of instructors regarding strategies for managing classroom organization challenges in a higher education setting. The researcher selected a sample of 478 respondents by using a simple random sampling technique from six universities operating in Multan district. The study employs a quantitative approach, collecting data through a questionnaire. 348 questionnaires from the 478 instructors were collected. The response rate was 73.23%, which was acceptable for survey research. For the analysis of data, the researcher applied both descriptive and inferential statistics. Average mean and standard deviations were employed to examine the opinion of higher education institution instructors about the frequency of use of approaches and effectiveness of these approaches. A t-test was employed from inferential statistics for finding the opinion of higher education institution instructors on the basis of gender. Percentage analysis was conducted for the analysis of approaches through rank-order. Thematic analysis method was used for the examination of open-ended questions. The study found that higher education institution instructors often use clear voice, question-answer strategies, and active student-instructor interaction to address classroom organization issues. Other approaches include planning lessons, treating all learners equally, arranging the classroom well, improving familiarity, and practicing instructional techniques. However, the use of rules based on conditions, time-out approaches for violent behavior, and rules for penance and penalties was rare.

The Tale of Warrior Gene: The MAOA-upstream Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MAOA-uVNTR) Polymorphism and Its Role in Shaping Aggressive and Violent Behaviour

The Tale of Warrior Gene: The MAOA-upstream Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MAOA-uVNTR) Polymorphism and Its Role in Shaping Aggressive and Violent Behaviour

Qualitative Evaluation of Acceptability and Feasibility of a Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Violence Among Young Adults with Early Psychosis.

Young adults with early psychosis are at higher risk of violent behavior, but no studies have explored using CBT-based interventions to reduce violence in specialized early intervention services (EIS) settings. This study describes formative research about the acceptability and feasibility of the Psychological Intervention for Complex PTSD and Schizophrenia-Spectrum disorder (PICASSO) to reduce violence, using interviews with EIS participants and staff. Generated themes regarding acceptability included negative experiences of violence and the desire to control and minimize violence. Themes regarding feasibility raised concerns about time constraints, consistency of participation in the intervention, and implementation issues in the context of stigma related to both psychosis and perpetration of violence. Findings from this study suggest there is a need for an intervention addressing violence risk. If adequate resources are devoted to addressing implementation issues, a CBT intervention for violence like PICASSO appears both acceptable and feasible for EIS participants and staff.