Related Violence Research Articles

Progress by death: Labor precaritization and the financialization of social reproduction in South Korea

This article looks at the contemporary South Korean political economy of crisis and recovery to visualize the material conditions of working-class lives and the ways in which their capacity to reproduce labor and life contradicts the regionally specific logic of ‘progress’. I visualize three critical scenes of workplace death that chart the ways in which the social reproduction capacity of the working class is fatally contracted in the era of neoliberal reforms. These scenes of death mirror the process of neoliberal transition that the financial crises of 1997 and 2008 accelerated in the region. In doing so, I articulate the notion of ‘progress by death’ as the intensified necropolitical logic of neoliberal capitalism that is led by the post-developmental state and fully transnationalized chaebol capital in South Korea. Building on feminist theories of social reproduction and the studies on the financialization of life, I argue that the logic of ‘progress by death’ as a constitutive element of financial capitalism reproduces the uneven patterns of growth and the transnational relations of violence, debt, and dispossession across Asian economies.

Validation of the Dutch (Flemish) version of the Violence Towards Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ)

While the issue of violence against children in sport reached societal concern worldwide, valid measurement tools are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Dutch Violence Towards Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ), a self-report instrument, surveying experiences with violence in youth sport. A total of 769 Belgian young athletes were recruited for this study. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) showed excellent model fits and yielded the same latent factors in the athlete and parent subscales as in the original study. However, our analysis revealed an additional factor in the coach subscale, . This factor, consisting of both physical and psychological harmful behaviors relating to performance-enhancing purposes, was named ‘instrumental’ violence. The emergence of an extra dimension of sport specific interpersonal violence redirects us towards a more extensive study of instrumental types of violence in relation to sports culture, competition level and training load in young athletes.

Asserting autonomy and belonging in precarious times: working lives of women labour broker workers in Johannesburg, South Africa

ABSTRACT In this article, I present ethnographic insights into a precarious workers’ struggle at the Heineken Sedibeng brewery nearby Johannesburg. Through oral histories of key women organisers in this struggle, this article looks at the ways neoliberal externalisation of labour shapes contemporary working lives in South Africa. I use the concepts of autonomy and belonging to interpret workers’ realities and efforts to change precarious conditions. From the workers’ experiences and women’s biographies emerge two key contestations that reveal what it means to be a precarious worker under neoliberal capitalism. The first contestation exists inside South Africa’s labour relations system that creates conditions of unbelonging and precarity for the majority of workers. At the Heineken plant, the established union sided with the employers and entrenched externalised labour arrangements. The second contestation concerns the presence of violence in social relations negotiated by women workers in all spheres of their lives. This article shows women workers’ persistent efforts to reconstitute relations and spaces of belonging on their own terms to oppose injustices in the workplace and in South African society.

Introduction - The Prevention of Sexual Violence in Sport: A Real Game Changer.

This Special Issue focuses on the prevention of sexual violence in sport. It begins with an examination of the role of theory in the prevention of sport related sexual violence, identifies critical gaps in the literature, features a number of cutting-edge sexual violence prevention studies, and provides a practically oriented investigation that demonstrates the importance of incorporating a socioecological framework and policy structures in the prevention of sexual violence in sport. This Special Issue was designed to encourage greater development and study of empirically based approaches to prevent sexual violence in sport in response to the paucity of available strategies to enhance athlete safety and well-being.

Drug Violence, War-Crime Distinction, and Hierarchies of Victimhood

Issues related to victimhood are central to transitional justice and international criminal justice. However, processes of transitional justice do not usually include victims of drug-related violence, despite the fact that in several Latin American countries deaths caused by cartel violence easily meet criteria of civil war. This article's central argument is that distinctions between victims of war and victims of what is often termed conventional crime are of great importance to notions of legitimate victimhood in transitional contexts. Taking Colombia's Victims’ Law (2011) as a case study, we argue that the binary distinction between war and crime fails to address the needs of victims of mass drug violence and creates a hierarchy among victims. This has important symbolic, legal and material implications for those who find themselves in the less favoured category. Victims of drug related violence struggle to access justice and to make their voices heard in public discourses about violence. We argue that the current understanding of mass drug violence as ‘conventional crime’ represents a Northern perspective on violence, which can be counter-productive when used uncritically in Southern contexts.

Social mining for sustainable cities: thematic study of gender-based violence coverage in news articles and domestic violence in relation to COVID-19

We argue that social computing and its diverse applications can contribute to the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs)—specifically to the SDGs concerning gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls, and to make cities and human settlements inclusive. To achieve the above goals for the sustainable growth of societies, it is crucial to study gender-based violence (GBV) in a smart city context, which is a common component of violence across socio-economic groups globally. This paper analyzes the nature of news articles reported in English newspapers of Pakistan, India, and the UK—accumulating 12,693 gender-based violence-related news articles. For the qualitative textual analysis, we employ Latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling and propose a Doc2Vec based word-embeddings model to classify gender-based violence-related content, called GBV2Vec. Further, by leveraging GBV2Vec, we also build an online tool that analyzes the sensitivity of Gender-based violence-related content from the textual data. We run a case study on GBV concerning COVID-19 by feeding the data collected through Google News API. Finally, we show different news reporting trends and the nature of the gender-based violence committed during the testing times of COVID-19. The approach and the toolkit that this paper proposes will be of great value to decision-makers and human rights activists, given the prompt and coordinated performance against gender-based violence in smart city context—and can contribute to the achievement of SDGs for sustainable growth of human societies.

The State of Health and the Quality of Life in Women Suffering from Endometriosis.

Quality of life is related to good health, family relations, feeling of self-esteem, and ability to cope with difficult situations. Endometriosis is a chronic condition which affects different areas of life. The lack of satisfaction in everyday life is mainly due to constant pain. The process of adjusting to a life with illness is associated with negative emotions. The aim of the article is to review the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of social and medical factors on a population of women affected by endometriosis. Women with endometriosis have an impaired quality of life compared to the general female population. Psychological consequences of endometriosis include: depression, anxiety, powerlessness, guilt, self-directed violence, and deterioration of interpersonal relations. It may contribute to lower productivity at work and less satisfying intimate life. A multi-disciplinary, evidence-based care is needed. The disease can take away the ability to be physically active, obtain an education, work continuously, and interact with friends. Social support and cognitive-behavioral therapy are extremely important for healing.

Beyond Ungoverned Spaces: Connecting the Dots between Relative Deprivation, Banditry, and Violence in Nigeria

ABSTRACT The emergence of criminal groups—“armed bandits” in the local parlance—in the northwest geopolitical zone has compounded the security conundrums in Nigeria. The dominant explanation for the ongoing banditry draws on the “ungoverned spaces” theoretical framework to contend that the phenomenon is a by-product of the state’s abject failure to monopolize violence over its territory. The failure on the part of the state to impose order on its territory leaves much room for loosely organized vicious armed groups to wreak havoc on local communities in the northwest region. The proponents of this perspective inevitably recommend a military solution to the security problem. In this article, I take a different position that counteracts the “ungoverned spaces” thesis. I argue that the “ungoverned spaces” thesis blatantly ignores the socioeconomic context within which banditry is embedded and how such context nurtures crime and deviance. Drawing on the relative deprivation theory, I contend that banditry owes not so much to “ungoverned spaces” but to the ethnic cum material grievances of some pastoralists who have taken to criminality for survival and who pinpoint discrepancies between what they had, what they have, and what they think they should have. I argue that resolving banditry would require attending to pastoralists’ grievances through apposite socioeconomic interventions.

Relationship between Workplace Related Violence and Job Satisfaction among Nurses Staff

Background: Violence in the workplace is a global public health problem and has caused a serious threat to the physical and mental health of health care workers. Furthermore, workplace violence also has a negative impact on the behavior of health care workers in the workplace. Aims: The purpose of study is to investigate the relationship between workplace related violence and job satisfaction among nurses’ staff. Methods: A descriptive correlational study conducted in Nasiriya Province/ Iraq, by simple random sample of 209 nurses is selected through the use a probability sampling approach. The reliability of the questionnaire was achieved through a pilot study and then presented to experts to prove its validity. The total number of items included in the questionnaire was 30-items for work related violence and 17-tiems for job satisfaction. The data was collected by using the self-report method and analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis approach. Results: The results of the study indicated that (50.2%) of the nurses exhibited a moderate workplace related violence and (69.4%) moderate job satisfaction. There were negative significant correlation between workplace related violence and job satisfaction (r= -0.401; p=0.001). Conclusion: Job satisfaction among nurses was found to be inversely connected with workplace violence "high work-related violence reduced job satisfaction". Workplace policies and procedures that focus on environmental security reporting and monitoring, as well as instructional seminars for nurses, are reducing violence and increasing job satisfaction. Keywords: Workplace, Violence, Job Satisfaction, Nurses.

Aristocrats for Peace: The Anti-Duellist Conference of Budapest (1908)

The anti-duellist movement was founded at the turn of the twentieth century at the initiative of the Spanish infante Alfonso de Bourbon et d’Autriche-Este. It was one of the various strategies in favour of peace and against the use of violence in social and political relations that were established during this period. The anti-duelling leagues promoted by Prince Alfonso attempted to change the concept of honour held by males of the elite classes at the time. The most important project taken was the holding of the First International Anti-Duellist Conference in Budapest in June of 1908. The aim of this article is to examine an event that offers information on the mobilising capacity of the European aristocracy and the efforts of aristocrats to find their place in a society with egalitarian tendencies.

Perceived Normalization of Drug Trafficking and Adolescent Substance Use on the US-Mexico Border.

Historically marginalized youth are at risk for daily substance use. Daily use may be associated with social and environmental factors. In March 2018, we surveyed primarily Latino adolescents ages 14-18 who lived on the US-Mexico border and assessed associations between daily substance use, neighborhood stress, border community and immigration stress, and family support. Of 443 surveyed adolescents, 41 (9%) reported daily use. Those who used daily were more likely to be older, identify as male, and reported lower social support and higher neighborhood and border community stress compared to those who did not use daily. Perceived neighborhood stress (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.37-2.80) and border community and immigration stress (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.12-2.02) were associated with increased odds of daily substance use. Latino adolescents who live near the US-Mexico border experience unique socioenvironmental stress which is associated with daily substance use.

\u201cIn and Out of Crisis\u201d: Life Course Criminalization for Jefas in the Barrio

Scholars have documented how violence, criminalization, and other forms of control impact the life trajectories of criminalized women. Less research exists on the ways that processes of criminalization affect the health of mothers across the life course. This study examines how the legal constructions of criminalized labels such as gang affiliation, are a process of long-term violence and threat of violence and second, how short and long-term criminalization affects family health–what I refer to as life course criminalization. This qualitative study is based on photo elicitation life history testimonios with 13 gang affiliated, system-impacted Chicana/Latina mothers from South Central Los Angeles, California and connects life course theory with feminist abolitionist decolonial perspectives. It documents how crises perpetuated by multi-institutional violence and other forms of violence influence relations between legal, social, and health related experiences for system-impacted mothers and their families. Through their testimonios they show the intergenerational mechanisms that connect the body’s health, family surveillance, and criminalization processes to survival, and spiritual resistance.

“That’s how we were raised”

Since July 1st, 2020, honour is viewed as an aggravating circumstance in criminal cases in Sweden, and it is suggested that honour related violence and oppression should become a criminal offence in its own right. Interventions directed towards victims of honour crimes have been implemented, but fewer have targeted the offenders. The purpose of this article is to mirror the Swedish legal and discursive framework against the perspective of the perpetrators. While we discuss findings with relevance for practitioners, particularly in the light of recent legislative changes, our main focus is set on subjective understandings of honour crimes. In particular, questions about the perpetrators’ norms and worldviews, their perceptions of the concept of honour, and their experiences of the Swedish justice system are investigated. Using court verdicts and deep interviews, we highlight important themes under the following four headlines: (1) Collectivism, norms, and traditions, (2) Complexities of honour crimes, (3) Marginalization, social vulnerability, and stereotyping, and (4) Reflections in retrospect. This article gives insight into some of the complexities that courts will have to handle given the recent and pending changes in Swedish legislation and provides knowledge that can be implemented in social and legal work to combat honour related violence and oppression.

Effects of Integrated Moral Reasoning Development Intervention for Management of Violence in Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Moral cognition is an important and multidimensional, but often overlooked, determinant of violence. Very few interventions have systematically examined the role of moral reasoning, anger management and problem-solving together in violence. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the sustained effects of an integrated Moral Reasoning Development Intervention (MRDI) in the management of repetitive violence in schizophrenia. This study placed special emphasis on essential components related to moral reasoning and violence in patients with schizophrenia. Evaluations, including measures of violence, moral reasoning, ethical valuation and judgement, decision-making, conflict management style, and personality traits, were performed at baseline, end of intervention, and 1-month follow-up after intervention. We found that MRDI was superior to treatment-as-usual, in improving moral reasoning and related variables and violence outcomes (p < 0.05). In comparison with the treatment-as-usual group (n = 22), patients in the MRDI group (n = 21) showed improved levels of moral reasoning, with decreased levels of violent behaviors. The MRDI participants also experienced significantly greater improvements or changes (p < 0.05) in their ethical valuation and judgement, decision-making style and preferences, and conflict management style. Our findings provide important implications for risk assessment and violence management and prevention.

Violence Regimes: A Useful Concept for Social Politics, Social Analysis, and Social Theory

This paper critically interrogates the usefulness of the concept of violence regimes for social politics, social analysis, and social theory. In the first case, violence regimes address and inform politics and policy, that is, social politics, both around various forms of violence, such as gender-based violence, violence against women, anti-lesbian, gay and transgender violence, intimate partner violence, and more widely in terms of social and related policies and practices on violence and anti-violence. In the second case, violence regimes assist social analysis of the interconnections of different forms and aspects of violence, and relative autonomy from welfare regimes and gender regimes. Third, the violence regime concept engages a wider range of issues in social theory, including the exclusion of the knowledges of the violated, most obviously, but not only, when the voices and experiences of those killed are unheard. The concept directs attention to assumptions made in social theory as incorporating or neglecting violence. More specifically, it highlights the significance of: social effects beyond agency; autotelic ontology, that is, violence as a means and end in itself, and an inequality in itself; the relations of violence, sociality and social relations; violence and power, and the contested boundary between them; and materiality-discursivity in violence and what is to count as violence. These are key issues for both violence studies and social theory more generally.

Measuring Violence: A Computational Analysis of Violence and Propagation of Image Tweets From Political Protest

This research quantitatively investigates the impact of violence on the propagation of images in social media in the context of political protest. Using a computational approach, we measure the relative violence of a large set of images shared on Twitter during the protests against the G20 summit in Frankfurt am Main in 2017. This allows us to investigate if more violent content is shared more times and faster than less violent content on Twitter, and if different online communities can be characterized by the level of violence of the visual content they share. The results show that the level of violence in an image tweet does not correlate with the number of retweets and mentions it receives that the time to retweet is marginally lower for image tweets containing a high level of violence and that the level of violence in image tweets differs between communities.

Between Psychopathology and Ideology: Challenges and Practices in Interpreting Young Extremists Experiencing Mental Illness in the Netherlands.

How violent extremism is interpreted among adolescents and young adults who experience a form of psychopathology can have far-reaching consequences for these youth and for society. A fundamental consideration here is the role that ideology and psychopathology play in radicalization and possibly related extremist violence. Risk management is challenged at various levels. This article seeks to contribute to academic and policy discussions on psychopathology and extremism by combining relevant insights from practices in the Netherlands. In this perspective article our aim is to stimulate awareness and research, on the basis of operational knowledge of the Dutch case, that helps professionals across the various domains of risk management with more expertise and the ability to better integrate and interact the concepts of psychopathology and ideology. We end with formulating hypotheses for further research.

REFLECTIONS ON ORTHODOXY VERSUS SOCIAL REFORMATION IN GIRISH KARNAD’S TALE-DANDA

Girish Karnad’s play Tale-Danda is a historical play that taps the modern issue of violence in relation to caste politics. India suffers massive loss of humanity because of caste system. The caste has been deep rooted in the psyche of Indian People from centuries; it has been hard boiled and solidified into that extent that even the social reforms from time to time by great and progressive people were not successful to eradicate it completely. The people in power play their favorite caste card to lure the voters. The more we try to wipe it out more strongly it adheres to us. Any attempt to annihilate caste leads to social unrest and violence. A play Tale-Danda depicts an incident in the life of Basvanna a 12th century social reformer and saint. He was the treasurer in the city of Kalyan under the Kingship of Bijjala. He started one God movement (Lingayat) to overcome discrimination on the basis of caste and gender in Hindu religion of his times, which attracts thousands of followers from the various strata of society, particularly untouchables as well as people of upper caste like Brahmin. Basvanna’s preaching brought drastic change in the outlook of his followers where they didn’t practice any discrimination of caste or religion. Even they decided to have inter-caste marriage. Which created drift in the society and initiated violence and burning of the city of Kalyan. Dr B R Ambedkar in his speech Annihilation of Caste, points out in minute details ills of caste system and the pathetic conditions of untouchables throughout the centuries because of the concept of Varnashram in Hindu religion

The Shoemaker and Her Barefooted Daughter: Power Relations and Gender Violence in University Contexts

For decades, feminist researchers have been denouncing the asymmetries and violence that patriarchy institutionalizes through various mechanisms: marking bodies and performances; meanings and communications; feelings and affections; belongings and possessions; spaces and possibilities. In Latin America, Black and postcolonial feminists and researchers adhered to the critical subaltern perspective have turned this reflection into a methodological, theoretical, and political imperative, highlighting the need to change the places of enunciation of patriarchal asymmetries to identify their persistence in different corners of social life. However, there are many spaces where the reproduction of these inequalities continues to operate in a naturalized way: the world of academic and university research is, contradictorily, one of them. In recent years, we have collected stories and shared experiences with research colleagues and teaching staff from different countries who have been subjected to sexual harassment, threats, discrimination, and gender violence. Some of these situations take place at work; others invade family and domestic environments, evidencing that the violent imprint of patriarchy persists and reproduces itself transversally, even among those professionals dedicated to the social critique of these problems. The present article covers these narratives to reflect on the place of epistemic enunciation that researchers use when we dedicate ourselves to study gender violence. Is it possible to develop ethical feminist research on these issues without adhering to "radical reflexivity?"

Firms and Labor in Times of Violence: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War

I study how industrial development and employment in an emerging economy are affected by urban violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich longitudinal plant-level data covering all of Mexico from 2005–2010, and exploiting plausibly exogenous spatiotemporal variation in homicide rates during the outbreak of drug-trade related violence in Mexico, commonly referred to as the Mexican Drug War, I show that a violent environment has a significant negative impact on manufacturing plants’ output, product scope, employment, and capacity utilization. The impact is very heterogeneous among plants. Studying within and cross-plant heterogeneity points to two underlying channels through which the Drug War affects firms: violence induced reduction in local demand and violence induced drop in labor supply participation. The output sensitivity of plants to a violent conflict increases in less diversified, locally selling and sourcing plants. The employment sensitivity increases with lower wages and a higher share of unskilled female workers. The results show both channels co-exist, and by reallocating resources from smaller, local, and female-intensive plants toward bigger and more diversified ones, the rise of drug violence has significant distortive effects on domestic industrial development in Mexico.