Violence In India Research Articles

Factors associated with help-seeking by women facing intimate partner violence in India: findings from National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–2021)

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women has harmful effects on their psychological and physical health. However, help-seeking for IPV is significantly low among women in the Indian context. This study examines the different factors that influence help-seeking behaviour among women in India. It also studies associations of the type of IPV with the source of help.MethodsThe study analyses data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey that was conducted in India (2019–2021). Independent variables were categorized at individual, relationship-household and community levels. The Stata 14.2 software was used to calculate the prevalence ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Variables with p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Poisson regression helped identify factors associated with help-seeking.ResultsResults indicate that among 72,320 women aged 18–49 years, 17,765 women ever-faced IPV. Of them, 14.2% of women who faced either physical and/or sexual IPV sought any help. Husband’s consumption of alcohol almost doubled the likelihood of help-seeking among women (19.91%), compared to women whose husbands did not drink alcohol (10.19%). Witnessing parental IPV also increased the odds (17.26%) of help-seeking. Women who were not empowered were more likely to seek help (14.11%) compared to women who were empowered (12.56%). The police were the predominant source where women went for formal help (6.94 to 8.43%), followed by doctors (1.84 to 2.71%). Close to 1 in 4 women (22.5%) sought help for sexual IPV, while 14.4% of women sought help for physical IPV. Around 95% of all women who faced IPV sought informal help, with 3 in 5 of them approaching their own families, and 3 in 10 approaching their in-laws or marital families.ConclusionsTwo significant factors that associate positively with help-seeking by women facing IPV are husbands’ alcohol consumption and witnessing parental IPV. Most women preferred informal help from the natal family, while among formal providers, the police were the foremost choice. Programmes and initiatives to build capacities of communities, and of police to respond to women seeking help for IPV, would enable more women to reach out for help.

Cyber Crimes in India: A Study

Cyber Crimes in India: A Study

The relationship between legitimacy and cooperation with the police - an empirical assessment

PurposeThe police require the cooperation of the public to ensure security in society. People cooperate with the police because they share norms and values reflected in the law and police action. Police face challenges in obtaining the cooperation of the public. There are studies examining the relationship between the legitimacy of the police and cooperation with the police. Using Tankebe's (2013) model of legitimacy as a multidimensional concept, this study examines the relationship between legitimacy and cooperation with the police in India.Design/methodology/approachFor examining the relationship, the study uses data collected from a survey of 705 victims of crime in India who had interacted with the police. The research questions were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsOn the basis of the analyses, the study concludes that legitimacy is a multidimensional concept encompassing police lawfulness, procedural justice, distributive justice and effectiveness. The legitimacy of the police has both a direct impact on cooperation with the police and the obligation to obey as a mediating variable. The study indicates that legitimacy is an important antecedent to cooperation with the police, which has significant policy implications.Originality/valueThe study is significant as there are no studies examining the relationship between the legitimacy of police and cooperation with the police in India, which is a non-Western developing country and the largest democracy in the world. The present research is the first study of this nature.

A Gender and Disability Perspective on the Media's Contribution to Gender-Based Violence in India

A considerable amount of derogatory communication directed towards women has been transmitted through social networking sites in the form of online abuse, which has increased significantly in recent years. Social media is significant in the current technological era. Social media is both promoting gender-based violence, which primarily targets women and girls with disabilities and empowering women by dispelling outdated beliefs and stereotypes. Social media gender-based violence encompasses a range of activities such as uninvited sexual remarks, postings, threats, cyberstalking, tracking, hacking, and stalking. This is due to illiteracy and immature thought processes. Social media has made it possible to spread horrific stories about violent incidents involving women across the nation. In India, gender-based violence is still a major issue. The research holds significance for society as social media plays a major role in the violence against women with disabilities. The current study looks into the effects of gender-based violence on disabled women and how it is promoted on social media. Secondary sources such as newspapers, journals, magazines, texts, the internet, etc. are the basis of the study, and descriptive research formats are used for the analysis. The anticipated outcome would support the various ways that gender-based violence is promoted on social media, which causes socioeconomic hardship for women.

Factors and Patterns Associated with Juvenile Delinquency with Reference to Juvenile Crimes in India

Objectives: This study aims to examine the patterns in juvenile delinquency based on factors including age, gender, offence type, and characteristics used in NCRB reports and to comprehend the various factors that contribute to juvenile crime. Methods: This study was done using the secondary data which was collected from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reports in the year of 2017 to 2021 by the Government of India. Result and discussion: The analysis of the aforementioned data reveals that there is a higher level of juvenile crimes in India especially in various states. It also shows that a significant proportion of juvenile individuals have unfortunately fallen victim to a multitude of socio-economic pressures, including poverty, inadequate parental guidance, limited access to education, and the influence of peer groups. The crime rate in India has exhibited a notable upward trend over the years, accompanied by a concerning decline in the rate of convictions. Conclusion: The issue of juvenile delinquency necessitates focused consideration and an approach that prioritizes the well-being of children, with an emphasis on safeguarding and proactive measures to prevent their involvement in deviant behaviour. Research Implications: The findings can have implications for policymakers and educators in the realm of pedagogy development. Additionally, it bears relevance for family members and other stakeholders who play a crucial role in fostering the comprehensive growth and development of children.

Rape Crime in India: A Spatio-temporal Analysis

Analysing crime spatiotemporally involves studying the spatial and temporal patterns of criminal incidents. It helps identify high crime areas and times, aiding law enforcement in resource allocation. Using National Crime Records Bureau's (NCRB), crime in India reports, this study analysed the spatial-temporal patterns of rape crime in India to see how incidents of rape crime are distributed in the country. Arc GIS (10.4) software was employed to map these patterns. The results shows that the spatial pattern of rape crime in India displays a picture of irregular distribution.

Paraphilia Induced Suicide: A Case Report

Paraphilia is a term used to describe different sexual deviations involving unconventional methods of sexual gratification. Paraphili as indulged in abnormal and orthodox sex play by using objects as parts of the body or fantasies in which complete satisfaction is sought and obtained without sexual intercourse. Perversions are acts that are socially prohibited or unacceptable, or biologically undesirable. In sexual paraphilia, usually, person psychopaths suffer from mental aberrations and conflicts, socio-sexual maladjustments, psychosexual imbalance, and abnormalities. Paraphilia-induced suicide is a type of anomic suicide, and anomic suicide is due to a lack of social regulation that occurs during high levels of stress and frustration. Paraphilia may induce suicide even though paraphilia is not punishable. It is just due to fear of social defamation and social taboo. Case presentation: A 59-year-old male committed suicide on the railway track, and thenthe body was sent to the mortuary room for an autopsy examination. History was taken from the police and relatives. He was a widower for the last 15 years. Conclusions: Paraphilia is the form of the insertion of foreign bodies in the rectum, and when a person cannot remove foreign bodies himself, attending a hospital is very humiliating. To prevent the social integrity or selfesteem, the person committed suicide. Where this type of paraphilia is not listed as a crime in India, for sexual gratification, a person may use it by any means, which may be natural or unnatural form. Many unnatural forms of paraphilia are used by many people, which is not punishable. Sexual gratification is done by most of normal people and a few abnormal psychiatric people by any sexual perversion. All paraphilia that is not punishable by the law should not be considered a social taboo.

Clean protectionism? Coal mining and crime in India

ABSTRACT Combating climate change requires new policies that may disrupt labour markets in mining-intensive areas and lead to unintended consequences. In this study, we use the universe of criminal cases filed in India over a decade, nearly 10 million cases, to study the effect of the ‘Clean Energy Cess’ on crime in coal-mining-intensive areas. This new carbon dioxide tax equivalent may disrupt local labour markets in coal-mining areas which could lead to higher crime rates. Surprisingly, we find that the new tax on coal had no effect on crime. This null result is consistent across all models and remains when we only consider criminal cases with male defendants. Country-wide data on domestic and imported coal shows that this may be due to the fact that only imported coal consumption fell after the Cess was introduced.

Methodological Impasses: Facing Interrogation and Silence While Gathering Data on Sexual Violence in India

Feminist standpoint theorists highlight how relations of power and inequality impact our knowledge of the social world (Smith 1974). The hierarchical positioning of different social groups creates a world in which the experiences and perspectives of certain people are acknowledged while others are silenced (Hartsock 1998; Hekman 1997). Moreover, a researcher’s personal background—her race, gender, class, and sexuality, among other factors—condition what she is able to learn and how (Collins 2000). Together, this literature underscores how the social world—and who we are within it—shapes knowledge production.

Urban-rural unemployment and crime in India: a panel data analysis

Urban-rural unemployment and crime in India: a panel data analysis

Empowering Women and Girls: Assessing the Impact of an Online Webinar on Legal Rights Awareness and Knowledge of DV Act 2005 in India

This research paper examines the impact of an online webinar on domestic violence awareness and knowledge of the Domestic Violence Act 2005 in India. It employs a two-group post-test experimental design to compare the knowledge levels of participants who attended the webinar with those who did not. The webinar aims to raise awareness about domestic violence, educate participants about the DV Act 2005, and empower individuals to take action. The findings will provide insights into the effectiveness of the webinar in enhancing understanding and knowledge of legal measures to address domestic violence. This research contributes to the existing literature and informs future efforts in designing effective awareness campaigns and educational interventions to combat domestic violence In India. Keywords — Artificial Intelligence, domestic violence, webinar

Crime Stats: A Log of Different Crimes in India

Crime Stats: A Log of Different Crimes in India

Does Domestic Violence Decrease as Women Age? Understanding the Patterns of Domestic Violence in India

Does Domestic Violence Decrease as Women Age? Understanding the Patterns of Domestic Violence in India

Within-Group Inequality and Caste-Based Crimes in India

Within-Group Inequality and Caste-Based Crimes in India

Is Religiosity a Panacea for Mitigating Intimate Partner Violence in India?

The religiosity of people may make them respond positively or negatively to various persons in different social situations. Some scholars claim that religiosity can be positively related to intimate partner violence (IPV), when the dominance of men over women is sanctioned by religion. On the other hand, some other scholars support the view that religiousness is negatively associated with IPV as individuals involved in religious activities tend to be less aggressive and more altruistic and empathetic to their partners. This paper attempts to reveal how the religiosity of husbands and wives may mitigate the former’s violent behaviour against the latter in Tamil Nadu State, India. The findings presented in the paper are arrived at from the analysis of qualitative data collected through selected case studies.

Survivors of Child Sexual Violence in India and Their Search for Justice: A Case Series and Review of Literature

Survivors of Child Sexual Violence in India and Their Search for Justice: A Case Series and Review of Literature

Integrating Environmental Forensics in Criminal Investigation: Needs and Methods

Environmental crimes are increasing day by day. There is a need to implement stringent measures to protect the environment. This paper addresses the approaches adopted by different international organizations in tackling environmental crimes, the increasing trend of environmental crimes in India, and the legal redress mechanisms followed in India against environmental wrongs. Our assessment of the global environmental crime scenario revealed that the convergence of environmental crimes with other types of crimes causes complexity in different stages of law enforcement. We recommend integrating environmental forensics into criminal investigation to address the issue and suggest ways to do so.

Does women empowerment associate with reduced risks of intimate partner violence in India? evidence from National Family Health Survey-5.

Women empowerment is commonly believed to be an important factor affecting a woman's likelihood of facing violence from her intimate partner. Even as countries invest in policies that aim to strengthen women empowerment, studies show that increase in women empowerment does not necessarily decrease intimate partner violence (IPV) against them. Against this paradox, the present study seeks to understand the specific empowerment components that associate with IPV against women in India. It also studies the state-level distribution of the different types of IPV. The study analyses state-level data from the National Family Health Survey, India (2019-21). A total of 72,056 women responded to the domestic violence questionnaire. The Dimension Index (DI) was used to compute composite scores for Women Empowerment and for IPV to rank states and Union Territories. The correlation between Women Empowerment and IPV scores was determined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The state of Karnataka had the highest composite score of IPV and also showed the highest burdens of physical, sexual and emotional IPV, while Lakshadweep had the lowest burden. Physical IPV was the most common form of IPV for most states across the country. The states in the western part of India had reduced burdens for all three types of IPV. Three specific components of empowerment, viz. household decision-making and mobile phone ownership significantly associated with reduction of all three types of IPV. Hygienic menstrual practices strongly associated with reduction of sexual and emotional IPV. However, property ownership of women increased risks of all three types of IPV, while employment had no significant association with any type of IPV. The study found no significant reduction in overall IPV with improvement in women empowerment. However, it identifies components of empowerment that associate with IPV. Household decision-making, ownership of mobile phones, and hygienic menstrual practices associated with a lowered risk. By contrast, owning property increased the risk. The findings of this study would inform future research and intervention that aim to strengthen specific components of women empowerment in India and other low-and-middle-income countries.

Corporate Fraud and White Collar Crime: Challenges and Countermeasures

The research analyzes the legal and regulatory frame governing commercial fraud and white- collar crime in India. It assesses the strengths and shortcomings of the regulatory environment. The paper delves into the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in detecting, probing, and executing white- collar culprits. It considers factors similar as the complexity of financial crimes and the hurdles in substantiation gathering. The research evaluates the consequences of commercial fraud and white- collar crime on India's frugality and society. This includes examining the impact on investor confidence, job security, and public trust. The paper offers recommendations and countermeasures to address the linked challenges and alleviate the threat of commercial fraud in India.

Unraveling the Complex Web of Financial and Economic Crime in India

In the tapestry of India's economic landscape, the prevalence of financial and economic crimes has emerged as a multifaceted challenge. From fraud and money laundering to corruption and tax evasion, these illicit activities not only undermine the integrity of financial systems but also impede the nation's economic growth. This article delves into the intricate layers of financial and economic crime in India, exploring its root causes, consequences, and the ongoing efforts to combat it.