Vinnytsia National Agrarian University Research Articles

Peculiarities of the Use of Professionally Oriented Vocabulary by Future Agrarians while Learning English

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of bilingualism of students of non-linguistic specialties when learning English. The terminological vocabulary allows accurate and accessible presentation of a content of this subject area and ensures correct understanding of the text. To represent the relations of information units (represented in terms), commonly used words are needed, which requires the use of ordinary language and leads to an appearance of ambiguity during their use. Purpose. The objective of study is consideration of linguistic particularities of agrarian professionally oriented vocabulary, which is used while studying a foreign language at the university. The methodology covers a comprehensive set of theoretical and empirical research methods, including the analysis of scientific sources, regulatory documents, pedagogical observation, description, classification and systematization. The study was related to students of the second year of full-time study of the agronomy specialty in Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine. Results. The fact that the terms carry the main semantic load that in the literature of the agrarian direction, occupying the main place among other general literary and official words, is illustrated with examples. A detailed (conceptual) description of the agrarian industry has been carried out. It is noted that English-language agronomic texts differ in syntactic structure and complexity and are characterized by adverbial, infinitive and gerund inflections, as well as other purely language constructions, which in turn complicate text understanding and pose additional challenges to a translator. It is proved that the dictionary of agricultural terms is replenished by borrowing lexical units from everyday speech and by reinterpreting or narrowing their meanings. It is indicated that the colloquial language is enriched due to the expansion of the meanings of special terminological units. This dynamic two-way process testifies to a language development and translation complication activity due to the need to select the appropriate translation variant of multi-meaning lexical units. The investigation concluded that the clustering of many terminological constructions requires a correct division into immediate components and a serious familiarization with reference materials, a deeper immersion in the subject area. It is shown that agrarian terminology needs careful lexical and grammatical analysis in order to determine the optimal ways of its use. However, terminology alone is not sufficient to transfer or disseminate knowledge, as knowledge is culturally defined in human society.

Productivity of broilers using a mineral feed additive

The effectiveness of increasing the productivity of agricultural poultry depends on the extent to which production technologies enable the realization of its genetic potential. The experiment aimed to study the effect of a mineral feed additive containing copper on productivity, growth, and feed consumption in broiler chickens. The scientific and economic experiment was conducted in the conditions of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University vivarium. For the experiment, 40 broiler chickens of the “Ross-308” cross were selected, and two analog groups of 20 heads each were formed. The experiment lasted 42 days. During the experiment, the broilers of the 1st control group consumed a completely balanced feed. In addition to the diet of the research group, the researched mineral feed supplement was added. Broiler chickens were weighed every week to determine the intensity of growth. According to the results of the experiment, it was established that additional feeding of a mineral feed additive to broiler chickens of the 2nd group increases live weight at 21 days of age by 4.6 % (Р ≤ 0.05), at 28 days of age by 7.1 % (Р ≤ 0.01) in 35 days by 9.5 % (Р ≤ 0.001) and in 42 days by 9.4 % (Р ≤ 0.001), against the control. It was found that with the use of a mineral additive in broilers of the 2nd group, feed consumption per 1 kg of growth is reduced by 7.8 %, compared to the control value. Additional consumption of the researched mineral feed additive in broiler chickens of the 2nd group increases the pre-slaughter live weight by 8.9 %, the weight of non-carcasses by 9.7 % (Р ≤ 0.001), half-carcasses by 10.8 % (Р ≤ 0.01) and patranoi by 13.0 % (Р ≤ 0.001), relative to the control. Feeding the mineral supplement to broilers of the 2nd group increases the mass of pectoral muscles by 9.2 % and thigh muscles by 10.8 % (Р ≤ 0.01), against the control indicator.

INVENTORY OF THE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE GENUS SPIRAEA L. ON THE TERRITORY OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN "PODILLYA" VNAU AND THE USE OF THE SPECIES INVESTIGATED IN CREATING GARDEN AND PARK COMPOSITIONS

The article examines the peculiarities of the use of species and decorative forms of the genus Spiraea in the plantations of the "Podillia" botanical garden of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Namely: Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica L.), Bumalda's spirea (Spiraea bumalda L.), White spirea (Spiraea alba (Miq.) Zab.), Thunberg's spirea (Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. ex. Blume), Wangut's spirea (Spiraea vanhouttei (Briot) Zab.), medium spirea (Spiraea media L.), birch spirea (Spiraea betulifolia L.). It was established that the species of spirea growing on the territory of the botanical garden "Podillia" of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University belong to the following sections: Calospira, Glomerati, Chamaedryon, Spiraria. The largest number of plants is the Calospira section, which includes plants of the species Spiraea japonica (Spiraea japonica L.) (12 pcs), Spiraea bumalda (Spiraea bumalda L.) (8 pcs) and White Spiraea (Spiraea alba (Miq.) Zab. ) (4 pcs). As a result of the research, it was established that species of the genus Spirea are highly decorative from the beginning of April to the beginning of November. Although spring-flowering species have a short flowering, but it is very abundant. White, Japanese, and Boumalda spireas have the longest flowering period. Also, studies have shown that, taking into account the decorative qualities of Spireia species, they can be successfully used in the design of landscape or regular style objects in such plant compositions: single or group plantings, mixed borders, curbs and hedges, when creating alleys, undergrowth and the edge of the forest, with greening of the slopes. Based on the results of the observations, landscaping projects were proposed, which demonstrate various ways of using plants of the genus Spirea in combination with other types of plants to create decorative compositions. According to the project decisions, species of the genus Tavolga can be combined with such plants as: Berberis thubergii, Heuchera sanguinea, Euonymus fortune, Coreopsis verticillta, Forsythia Intermedia , Cotoneaster divaricatus, Hydrangea paniculata, Juniperus communis and J. horizontalis.

Formation of lawn grasses on the basis of soil conservation in the park zone of VNAU

The conducted research is devoted to biodiversity, namely soil conservation. The very use of lawn grasses as an integral aesthetic decorative element of landscape design is at the same time an ecological and ameliorating factor of influence on the surrounding natural environment, which is quite widely used not only in Ukraine, but also abroad. It has been established that a feature of improving the condition of lawn cultural phytocenoses is the use of low-lying perennial grasses and their varieties, which are maximally adapted to the edapho-climatic conditions of the Podillia zone. Dense lawn coverings trap dust, increase air humidity, improve the microclimate of the environment due to the phytoncides released by them, thereby improving the air, preventing erosion and improving the agrophysical properties of the soil. Based on the records and observations made in the conditions of the park zone of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, the composition of lawn grass mixtures, quality condition and density of the lawn were established. The economic and ecobiological structure of lawns is displayed. The peculiarities of the formation of lawn cultural phytocenoses based on the analysis of the qualitative state of the existing grass stand are given. The percentage ratio of the quality composition of lawn grasses has been established. The agrotechnical measures for the care of lawn cultural phytocenoses at the research site are scientifically substantiated. A summarized balance of lawn areas by quality condition is given, which makes it possible to reasonably approach the planning of agrotechnical measures.

PROSPECTS OF ROPE PROCESSING INTO BIODIESEL AS A DIRECTION FOR ENSURING THE ENERGY INDEPENDENCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX

The vision of domestic scientists in the field of production of biofuels from agro-biomass has been investigated in the article. The volumes of rapeseed production and the geographical structure of the export of this crop have been determined. The need to find ways to ensure the energy independence of the agricultural sector through the use of bioenergy crops has been established. The need to form the clusters for the production of biodiesel fuel in the composition of scientific research institutions, agricultural formations and manufacturers of equipment for the production of biodiesel has been determined. The need for further improvement of rapeseed cultivation technologies by applying organic fertilizers (digestate) is argued, which will make it possible to increase the yield of this crop, and the use of biodiesel – to reduce the cost of production. The technology of biodiesel fuel production on the basis of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University was studied and its economic feasibility was ascertained. It has been confirmed that the competitive production of biodiesel can create favorable conditions for the cultivation and sale of agricultural products for agricultural enterprises, so they should make the necessary adjustments in the tactics and strategy of their economic activities. The potential of rapeseed for processing in the amount of 2.67 million tons for biodiesel was determined. It is noted that appropriate production will make it possible to produce technical glycerin, which is also in demand on the market among cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry manufacturers. It was concluded that the application of the proposed measures will make it possible to: increase the GDP by UAH 20.2 billion; ensure partial energy independence of the agricultural sector; create additional jobs in rural areas; partially load distilleries with orders for technical alcohol (methanol); provide the livestock industry with concentrated fodder in the form of rape cake; reduce the cost of agricultural production due to the partial replacement of diesel fuel with biodiesel; partially satisfy the needs of the other sectors of the economy in energy resources.

Features of the growth and development of decorative lupine species in the conditions of the architectural and exposition plot at the VNAU

The conducted research is devoted to modern decorative floriculture, which is a fast-growing industry, and its most important task is the constant expansion of the range of flower and decorative plants for various purposes in landscaping. It has been established that the source for enriching the cultural flora is the collection funds of ornamental plants collected in botanical gardens and arboretums as the main centers for the preservation of the gene pool of many plants and their cultural varieties. A wide variety of decorative and valuable lupins is available in the architectural and exposition site of the Department of Forestry, Horticulture, Horticulture and Viticulture of the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, as well as the Podillia Botanical Garden of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Decorative and valuable lupins have sufficient ecological plasticity, which is confirmed by growing in many introduction centers with different natural and climatic conditions. However, they are often not used in the decorative horticulture of flower arrangements in the Podillia area. It has been investigated that the main reason for the insufficient use of these species in landscaped settlements is the lack of information about their ecological and biological features and decorative properties, cultivation technologies and options for their use. However, the introduction of representatives of the genus Lupinus L., namely Lupinus polyphyllus L., into the culture contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and the involvement of a significant range of flower and ornamental plants in culture conditions. The replenishment of the collection of the architectural exhibition area of the VNAU with the introduced hybrids Gallery White and Gallery Red, the expansion of options for simple and complex garden compositions with their participation, their more even placement within the boundaries of populated areas will significantly bring the flower garden design of populated cities of Ukraine closer to the level of the best world examples.

ВМІСТ БІЛКА ТА НІТРАТІВ У ЗЕРНІ КУКУРУДЗИ І НАСІННІ СОНЯШНИКУ ПРИ ЇХ ВИРОЩУВАННІ НА СХИЛОВИХ ЗЕМЛЯХ

В Україні приблизно третина всіх орних земель зазнає прояву водної ерозії. Причинами розвитку ерозійних процесів є розорювання схилових земель крутизною понад 3 °, вирощування на них просапних культур, переважно кукурудзи та соняшнику, інтенсивний обробіток ґрунту з перевертанням скиби. За вирощування на таких землях сільськогосподарських культур їхня продуктивність істотно зменшується, проте питання зміни показників поживності й екологічної безпечності одержаної продукції на силових землях не досліджене. Дослідження проводилися закладанням польових дослідів на схилових землях з поширеням слабо- і середньозмитих ерозійних процесів і вирощуванням на них кукурудзи та соняшнику. Лабораторні дослідження проводили в сертифікованій Науково-вимірювальній агрохімічній лабораторії Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Визначали зміну вмісту білка та нітратів у рослинницькій продукції залежно від схилу. У разі вирощування кукурудзи та соняшнику на схилових землях найвищий вміст білка та нітратів спостерігається в їхній продукції з нижньої частини схилу. Найнижчий вміст білка в насінні соняшнику встановлений у середній частині схилу, який був на 4,0% менший, ніж у нижній частині схилу. Найнижчий вміст білка в зерні кукурудзи спостерігався у верхній частині схилу, що був на 0,3% менший, ніж у нижній частині схилу. Найнижчий вміст нітратів у зерні кукурудзи встановлений у верхній частині схилу, що був на 21,0% менший, ніж у низу схилу. Найменший вміст нітратів у насінні соняшнику встановлений у середній частині схилу і був на 20,0% нижчий, ніж у низу схилу.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION AND LOWER HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF BIODIESEL FUEL

The situation that has developed on the market of oil products in the conditions of the war with the invaders has led to a shortage of liquid fuels and a constant increase in the price, in particular of diesel fuel, prompting the producers of agricultural products to think about switching to alternative types of fuel. Research related to the production and use of biodiesel fuel is especially relevant in today's conditions. Scientists do not ignore this question, in particular, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University has devoted more than one research topic to the mentioned problem. In more detail, in the mentioned issue, research is being conducted aimed at determining the energy value of the obtained biofuels, namely, the lower calorific value. The purpose of the article is to create a methodology for determining the fatty acid composition of biodiesel fuel and determining its lower heat of combustion, which is necessary for the analysis and evaluation of the energy efficiency of alternative fuels. Research methods are based on D. I. Mendeleev's formula for determining the lower heat of combustion, which is based on data on the percentage content of the elemental composition of the fuel. The calculation of the elemental composition was carried out on the basis of the molecular weight data of the components of biodiesel fuel, which in turn were obtained by chromatographic analysis using a gas-liquid chromatograph. Similar calculations were made in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The article publishes the results of research on two samples of biodiesel fuel, made from two types of raw materials - sunflower and rapeseed oil. A method of determining the fatty acid composition of these samples and determining the lower heat of combustion of biodiesel fuel as a whole and its components has been developed. The results given in the tables can be the basis for further conclusions about the energy value of individual components included in the studied fuel.

REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND FLOWERING INTENSITY OF DECORATIVE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LUPINUS L. IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND EXPOSITION AREA OF VNAU

Based on the analysis of scientific sources, information on the origin, distribution, taxonomy and use of promising ornamental plants of the genus Lupinus L. in Ukraine and the world is presented. A wide range of decorative and valuable features of various types of plants of the Lupinus L. genus, which are valuable decorative, essential oil, medicinal, honey-bearing, vitamin, and fodder plants, have been determined. However, as a result of significant anthropogenic influence, the gene pool of these groups of plants is steadily decreasing from year to year, as a result of which the issue of developing biological and ecological bases for the introduction and introduction into industrial culture of species of the genus Lupinus L., adapted to the climatic conditions of the Podillia zone, has become urgent. The perspective of using decorative species of the genus Lupinus L. in landscaping has been proven. Recommendations for their cultivation have been developed, the optimal terms and methods of seed and vegetative reproduction and use in the landscaping of Vinnytsia Region have been established. It has been determined that the expansion of the assortment of flower-decorative lupins today occurs mainly as a result of a spontaneous process and does not always have a positive result. However, the collection of data on the introduction of plants helps to determine the degree of adaptation of the species to the new growing conditions, to establish its ecological plasticity, which will ensure its normal development in these conditions. The greatest scientific interest is the decorative species of lupine, which are widely used in urban planning, park construction, landscaping and city improvement. It was analyzed that the genus Lupinus includes about 200 species of annual and perennial plants. Almost all of them grow in America. There are 10 species in Europe, all of the same age. Of the perennial species in culture, tree-shaped lupine (L. arboreus Sims.) is more often found. bicolor: 'Abendglut', 'Albus', 'Apricot', 'Carmineus', 'Neue Spielarten', 'Prinzess Juliana', 'Roseus', 'Rubinkonig'. The studied cultivars of Lupinus Polyphyllus Lindl are characterized by significant color diversity. Most varieties and hybrids have a summer-autumn type of vegetation. It has been established that the multi-leaved lupine enters the budding phase from the first half of June with a duration of 10-14 days. According to the results of experimental studies of laboratory and field germination of freshly collected seeds of introduced cultivars of lupine, it was established that in the light and in the dark, the highest rate of germination energy was recorded in the plots of 'Prinzess Juliana' (56 and 57%, respectively) and seed germination (83 and 75%, respectively) at seed moisture content of 6%. In view of the above, the decorative species Lupinus Polyphyllus Lindl, due to the variety of colors, different periods of flowering, the height of the plants, the stability of the leaves, which grow relatively early and are preserved until the end of the growing season, are quite valuable plants for decorative gardening. From a practical point of view, the studied cultivars ('Albus', 'Apricot', 'Prinzess Juliana', 'Roseus', 'Rubinkonig', 'Abendglut', 'Carmineus' and 'Neue Spielarten') are of interest as potentially valuable objects for enrichment of the assortment of decorative plants of Ukraine and are promising for creating garden compositions on the basis of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University.

ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF IMPROVEMENT ELEMENTS OF THE VNAU PARK ZONE

The article presents the results of research, evaluation and analysis of elements of landscaping of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The university complex is one of the main elements of the urban environment, which requires a special attitude and place in the planning and organizational structure of the city. The environment should provide students and teachers with optimal conditions for fruitful educational and scientific activities and a variety of recreation, sports. It has been established that the territory of the university has a clear combination of buildings connected by passages into a system that provides opportunities for a harmonious combination of buildings and greenery. The proportions of individual groups of buildings, their plastic solution and spatial development in the depth of the site, the combination of open and closed spaces, extensive use of green courtyards and small architectural forms give unity and beauty to the architectural ensemble of higher education. It is investigated that pedestrian traffic is correctly organized during the design of the complex. The central esplanade is located and arranged in such a way that it connects all the zones and ensures their interconnection and at the same time is a place for students to communicate. It is estimated that alleys and paths in the park zone of VNAU occupy about 20% of its area. Forced curves are used to create a variety of accents, such as trees and shrub groups. There are 5 classes of roads, paths and sites on the territory of the university, the condition of which is excellent. According to the analysis of landscaping elements, there are 34 benches for long-term rest and 14 benches for short-term rest near the university buildings. All presented benches are stationary and made of concrete, wood and brick. This number of benches is sufficient to ensure comfortable living conditions for students in all corners of the university. The benches are easy to use, their shape is simple, and the color organically fits into the overall color scheme of the territory.

PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF CEREALS AND LEGUMES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MILITARY

The full-scale war that the russian federation has unleashed against Ukraine has caused a humanitarian and economic catastrophe that is spreading beyond our country. One of the most tragic consequences of this war is the strengthening of the global problem of hunger. The article examines the state and prospects of grain export from Ukraine to foreign markets according to the data of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine during martial law. The main volume of supplies of grain and leguminous crops during the 2022 marketing year has been determined. Based on the analysis of the received data, it was established that the war in Ukraine caused the stoppage or damage of many domestic agricultural enterprises. It was determined that significant negatives were created in the logistics of their supply, both within the country and abroad. The impact of russian aggression on the prospects of supplying Ukrainian grain to the global and domestic food market is proven. A well-founded assumption is made that, as a result of military actions, the reduction of the export of Ukrainian grain products causes an unprecedented increase in food prices on the world market and the aggravation of the global problem of hunger in the world. However, the actual food reserves and planned volumes of agricultural production of our state are sufficient to provide the population with grain. It is noted that the restoration of domestic exports, as in pre-war times, in the proper volume is possible only under the condition of a complete cessation of hostilities, since the possibilities of logistics of transport communications on land routes are insignificant. The relevance of the researched data is reinforced by the implementation of an applied study carried out at the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University at the expense of the state budget on the topic: «Development of methods for improving the technology of growing legumes using biofertilizers, bacterial preparations, foliar feeding and physiologically active substances» (state registration number 0120U102034). A system for the purchase of alternative fertilizers is proposed, which will stimulate income to local budgets due to the additional expansion of the production of recommended biological preparations by regional farms. This, in turn, will stimulate the creation of additional jobs in the field of biological support, increase the overall ecological orientation of cultivation technologies and ensure the ecological stability of agricultural territories. This event will contribute to the effective European integration of Ukraine and the general improvement of the quality of the grown products, which will meet world standards in the field of organic and biological agriculture. Ultimately, this will contribute to the successful processes of stabilization of agricultural production in the post-war period and will guarantee obtaining appropriate levels of production at significantly lower levels of costs.

ENERGY INTENSITY OF THE PROCESS OF DESTRUCTION OF FEED GRAIN IN CONDITIONS OF DYNAMIC CONTACT INTERACTION WITH THE EDGE OF THE DISC IMPACTOR

In the feed industry raw material, grinding is an integral part of the production cycle. However, this process is characterized by significant energy consumption – from 3 to 100 kW * hour per ton of finished goods, and only a part of it is directly spent on grinding. Therefore, this scientific research is aimed at minimizing the consumption of energy resources by technological machines – crushers and improving the energy efficiency of the process in general is an urgent issue. A powerful modern research method of studying complex objects is system analysis, which enables to modernize existing machines and design new ones without conducting a large number of expensive physical experiments. Unfortunately, this method is not yet widely used in the research and design of new machines for processing agricultural products, since there are no developed and substantiated engineering theories describing the behaviour of the processed material in the workspace of the technological machine. Grinding grain with a moisture content indicator at the level higher than the base condition, there is a low efficiency of the method of impact grinding, that is determined by the increased plasticity of the material and an increase in the value of the marginal deformation, which can lead the grain towards destruction. A partial solution of this problem is possible when combining the method of cutting and hammering, which has formed the basis of a technical solution implemented in the scientific laboratory of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, where the design has been developed and experimental verification of the vibrating crusher have been carried out. Further improvement of the energy efficiency of the technological operation of grain grinding requires theoretical researches of the dynamics of the process, and determining the minimum amount of energy required for destruction. The article deals with the laws of solid mechanics and the use of rheological methods in researching disperse systems, it presents the values of absolute deformation and the work that is carried out during the destruction of maize grain under the influence of applied impact-cutting load in analytical and graphic form. Moreover, the results of this research help us to establish the marginal values of plastic and elastic absolute deformations occurring in the material, which is a prerequisite for the theoretical substantiation of the grinding law.

THE QUALITY OF GRINDING OF GRAIN FEEDS DEPENDING ON THE CONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS AND OPERATING MODES OF VIBRATING DISC CRUSHER

Full-fledged animal feeding is the basis for the successful functioning and effective development of the livestock production industry and can be ensured only if a sufficient amount of feed is produced, the loss of their nutritional value during their harvesting, storage, and also the correct preparation of feed for feeding is reduced. Grain feeds used at concentrated feed. They contain a large amount of nutrients that are easily absorbed. Their use in the feeding system allows you to balance the rations of animals in terms of energy, protein, amino acids. The compilation and selection of components of feed rations is carried out by technologists depending on the species, age group, morphological and biological indicators of animals and many other factors. At the same time, regardless of the technology and feeding scheme chosen by the specialist, concentrated feed based on wheat, barley, corn and other agricultural crops that have undergone preliminary technological processing remains an indispensable source of nutrients for animals. Moreover, a particularly important indicator that affects the productivity of animals is the quality of grinding concentrated feed. As a result of grinding feed, a significant number of parts are created from a larger surface area, which helps to speed up digestion and increase the absorption of nutrients. Grinding is one of the most energy-intensive operations used in the production of animal feed. Therefore, scientific research is aimed at minimizing the consumption of energy resources by crushers and increasing the grinding process is an urgent task. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the preparation of grain for feeding farm animals using a vibrating disc crusher, which was designed on the basis of the Department of Department of General Technical Disciplines and Labor Protection of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University and passed preliminary experimental tests, which proved the prospects of its use in the processes of grinding grain raw materials. The choice of the range of design parameters was performed on the basis of assessing the compliance of the degree of grinding of the finished product with zootechnical requirements for the target fraction of the finished product.

Mathematical Model and Practical Implementation of Transformer Oil Humidity Sensor

The mathematical dependence of the integral dielectric constant of transformer oil on its humidity is obtained. It is shown that the increase in humidity in the range from 0% to 0.5%, which corresponds to its allowable change, is accompanied by a monotonic increase in the integral dielectric constant along the nonlinear dependence. The design of a high-frequency humidity sensor in the form of a band asymmetric waveguide is proposed, which transforms the latter into a phase shift of the information wave. The mathematical model is developed and the transformation equation is obtained. It has been experimentally established that the total relative error, which consists of the error of this model, the instrumental error of the hard-ware and the subjective error of removing the measured information does not exceed 2%. The article is devoted to solving the problem of reliability of technological equipment and is part of an interdisciplinary study on the development of a set of energy efficient equipment for feed preparation, which is performed on the basis of laboratories of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University.

Effectiveness of mineral supplementing productivity and hematological parameters of meat quails

The mineral elements contained in poultry feed do not fully meet their needs. Therefore, the elements that are lacking in the diet are introduced into the feed or feed mixtures to ensure mineral integrity. The aim of the experiment was to research the cobalt chelate complex effect on live weight, weight gain, slaughter quality and hematological parameters of Pharaoh quails.Scientific studies of the cobalt chelate complex effect on quail productivity were conducted on a research farm of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Two 20-bird groups were formed on the principle of analogues. The experiment lasted for 42 days, i.e., equalization period lasted for five days, and the main period lasted for 37 days.Control slaughter was performed at the end of the experiment, four heads from each group were slaughtered to determine the main indicators of slaughter and blood. The quails additionally fed by the cobalt chelate complex outnumbered their control counterparts in life weight, i.e., females by 8.5 % (P ≥ 0.001) and males by 7.9 % (P ≥ 0.001).Feeding supplements increases the absolute increase by 8.5 % (P ≥ 0.001) in female quails and by 8.1 % (P ≥ 0.001) in male quails of group II than in the control group.Due to the action of the cobalt chelate complex in group ІІ, feed consumption per 1 kg of growth is reduced in females by 6.62 % and males by 6.12 % relative to control counterparts.In group ІІ, the pre-slaughter live weight of quails increased by 7.7 % (P ≥ 0.05), the gutted carcass increased by 8.1 % (P ≥ 0.05) and the gizzard weight increased by 7.8 % (P ≥ 0.05) than the control indicator.The cobalt chelate complexapplication increases the weight of the breast by 12.1 % (P ≥ 0.01) and thigh by 14.3 % (P ≥ 0.05) in group II relative to control analogues. In group II quails of the amount of hemoglobin increases by 7.2 % (P ≥ 0.05) under the action of the researched supplement in comparison with the control sample.

Quality of Pea Seeds and Agroecological Condition of Soil When Using Structured Water

The widespread use of water in crop production and agriculture is due to a significant increase in yields during the watering of agricultural crops, as well as the transfer of pesticides and mineral fertilizers to plants and soil by water. One of the ways to improve the quality of water used in crop production is to structure it. An urgent task is to study the effect of structured water delivered to agricultural crops by watering or spraying on the yield, quality of the resulting products and agroecological condition of the soil. Field studies on pea crops were conducted at experimental sites of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, laboratory studies were conducted in accredited laboratories for monitoring the quality, safety of feed and raw materials of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the testing centre of the Vinnytsia branch of the state institution “Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine”. When watering peas with structured water, its yield increases by 42.3% compared to the version without water application and by 22.3% compared to the version with watering with plain water. Pea seeds when watered with structured water have a lower content of crude protein by 0.43 %, crude fat – by 0.09%, crude ash – by 0.63%, but a higher content of crude fibre by 0.11% and nitrogen-free extractives – by 0.99% compared to the version without water. The content of humus in the soil, when watered with structured water, was lower than in the version without water by 0.04%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 8.0%, mobile phosphorus – by 20.0%, exchangeable potassium – by 7.9%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.2 pH, hydrolytic acidity – by 21.7%, the concentration of mobile lead – by 18.4%. However, the concentration of mobile cadmium increased by 43.8% and soil moisture – by 4.3%. When comparing the indicators of the agroecological state of the soil, which was watered with structured and plain water, it was found that watering with structured water reduces the content of humus by 0.03%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 2.3%, mobile phosphorus – by 20%, exchange potassium – by 9.7%, hydrolytic acidity – by 7.7%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.3 pH, but increases the content of mobile lead by 10.9%, mobile cadmium – by 25.0% and increases the moisture content in the soil – by 2.7%

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CREATION OF A ROSARY ON THE BASIS OF THE PARK ZONE OF THE VINNITSA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

The article presents the data of the analysis of science-intensive literary sources with the definition of world and domestic experience of rose cultivation for the purpose of further prospects of use in landscaping of the park zone of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The main task of the research was to carry out modern analysis of available scientific information and generalize information about historical aspects of distribution, morphological and biological features of these plants on the basis of architectural and exposition area of botanical garden «Podillya» Vinnytsia National Agrarian University with new garden groups, their introductory decorative and valuable cultivars suitable for introduction into culture, and also for use in selection work. The high decorative characteristics of roses and wide possibilities of their application in horticulture are taken into account, which provided grounds for the development of recommendations for replenishment of the collection in the landscaping of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The topical issue of expanding the options for the use of roses, which would have a high degree of decoration, different flowering times in the Podillya zone, is outlined. According to the results of the survey of flower agrocenoses of garden and park objects of the Podillya zone, it is established that the range of culture is represented by about 300-400 species of roses and 6000 varieties belonging to different garden groups. It has been established that among the studied roses such garden groups as Floribunda of the Arthur Bell variety, park roses of the Leonardo da Vinci variety, tea-hybrid roses of the Angelica variety have become widespread in many countries of the world and Ukraine. Thus, thanks to the creation of a rosary, as well as the expansion of their garden compositions, their more uniform placement in the park area of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, will significantly bring the landscaping of Vinnytsia, as the most attractive cities in Ukraine to the best world standards. The processed data of the experimental work will be used in the development of recommendations for the creation of a rosary on the basis of the architectural and exhibition area of Vinnytsia NAU and to improve the practical activities of students majoring in 206 «Horticulture» and research and teaching staff.

EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES APPLICATION IN GROWING SORGHUM IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

In recent years, due to the increasing aridity of the climate in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the need to expand crops of drought- and heat-resistant crops has increased significantly. One of the crops suitable for such conditions is sorghum. However, in the technology of its cultivation there are some periods that require the greatest attention of farmers to ensure the formation of high and sustainable yields. And before that it concerns plant protection. Field experiments were conducted in the conditions of the research farm "Agronomichesky" of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University in 2021. The research sites are located in the zone of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Studies have shown that in areas with chemical weed control, the highest yield of sorghum grain (4.04 t / ha) was provided by the application of the herbicide Peak at a dose of 20 g/ha, which is only 0.22 t/ha less than options with manual removal weeds. This indicates the creation of favorable conditions and weak phytotoxic effect of this drug on sorghum plants. When using the herbicide Prima, the best grain yield (3.56 t/ha) was when it was applied at a dose of 0.4 l/ha. Further increase in dose led to plant suppression and reduced sorghum grain productivity. When using Grantox, the optimal dose was 0.7 l/ha, which ensured the formation of grain yield of 3.61 t/ha. Increasing the dose of the herbicide led to the suppression of sorghum plants and a decrease in its grain productivity. According to the research results, new and improved optimized agrotechnical measures for grain sorghum cultivation have been developed, which in the research zone contribute to the fuller realization of plant genetic potential, thus increasing yields while reducing production costs.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATION OF TOPIARY FIGURES ON THE TERITORI OF THE VINNYTSIA NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY

The article examines the relevance of topiary art in modern landscape design. The art of topiary requires a well-thought-out compositional integrity. Before choosing plants, you should decide on the theme of the garden and the harmonious arrangement of topiary figures in it. Such compositions become an adornment of any backyard territory, giving it an aristocratic exclusivity and originality. A detailed taxonomic analysis of the assortment of plants, which were used to form topiary on the territory of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University and the botanical garden "Podillya", was carried out. The state of the existing topiary figures was assessed. The features of the formation of topiary figures by the classical and wireframe formation technique have been investigated. Of the plants of the classical formation technique, a spiral figure has an excellent appearance. The hedge, cone and column shape have a good appearance. Plants formed in the form of a circle have the lowest indicators of external perception. The frame technique for creating plant compositions prevails at the VNAU exposition area. Project proposals have been developed to improve the aesthetics and general appearance of topiary figures on the territory of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. For the plant to have an attractive appearance, appropriate care is needed. Pruning of plants (sanitary) should be carried out only during the dormant period. The best period will be the end of winter, when the threat of severe frosts has passed. In the spring, no later than the first half of April, the first corrective pruning of figures and hedges should be carried out. In the summer, several additional haircuts are made, the frequency of which depends on the intensity of growth. It is optimal to carry out an additional haircut 3 months after the first one. In summer, you do not need to cut in extreme heat. Haircuts are finished before the onset of the first frost. If you carry out the formation later, then the created topiary will simply freeze over. In the cold season, some figures, especially those created from conifers, can fall apart under the weight of snow, so it is advisable to tie them up.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUAL FORM OF TRAINING OF HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATORS ON THE BASIS OF THE ALL-UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CONSORTIUM

The current state of the higher education system in Ukraine is studied on the example of higher education institutions (HEIs). It is established that the effectiveness of the educational process is manifested in the level of training of a highly qualified specialist, who is competitive in the labor market. The dynamics of the number of applicants for higher education in Ukraine and the unemployment rate is analyzed; the relationship between these indicators is established. The main reasons for the mismatch of the level of educational services of educational institutions to the needs of employers are determined, which are due to inadequate funding of the education system, and, as a consequence, the low level of knowledge of graduates, which does not meet the real needs of today. It is established that the main reason for underfunding of the education system is the dominance of local budgets in expenditures for the needs of educators and lack of funds for implementation of educational programs, as well as non-fulfillment in full of state obligations in this area as a whole. The essence and features of the dual form of education are revealed, the substantive difference between traditional and dual forms of education is reflected, which consists in the fact that they have completely different planes of common interests. The relevance of the latter is substantiated taking into account current trends in the labor market and the adaptation of the domestic education system to the requirements of the European Union. The expediency of introducing dual education in the Free Economic Zone as a form of cooperation between educational and scientific institutions, production and business, and also an integral part of the formation of a highly qualified specialist, is substantiated. The main mutual benefits of the participants of the dual form of education and the forms of their participation in the educational process are listed. The effectiveness of the dual form of higher education has been proved on the example of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, which is a co-founder of the All-Ukrainian Scientific-Educational Consortium. The importance of the principle of student-centeredness as a key factor in the effectiveness of the education system as a whole is substantiated.