Vine Tree Research Articles

Land suitability assessment for grapevines via laser level in water-scarce regions of Uzbekistan (in the case of Kashkadarya province)

The most suitable arable land for viticulture is mainly located in the rain-fed areas such as in the foothills and mountainous regions of Uzbekistan where vineyards reach the acme point of the yield productivity. Irrigating with rainwater in the vineyard has a great potential for obtaining stable yields at the low cost of irrigation water which is proven by experimental and theoretical studies. This paper aims at implementing and testing the advantage of sustainable irrigation methods in water-scarce regions of Uzbekistan by scrutinizing the hydraulic characteristics of irrigation water and slope of the study area. We considered the maximum evapotranspiration rate in general for all phases to calculate the amount of irrigation water required per one vine tree since considering the water scarcity in the maximum growing season is important. We firstly aimed at constructing the pool to store raindrops. To perform this, we used the laser level for checking land suitability and a standardized 20 Ø irrigation pipe to deliver rainwater from the pool to the furrows of the vineyard. The results of the geodetic survey showed that the average slope of the pilot area was equal to 0.022 and enabled to implement the rainwater irrigation.

Insects and light interact to mediate vine colonization of fast growing Microberlinia bisulcata tree seedlings in gaps of an African rain forest

AbstractVines thrive in lowland tropical forests, yet the biotic factors underlying their colonization of host tree seedlings and saplings remain surprisingly understudied. Insect herbivores presumably could influence this process, especially where disturbance has opened the canopy (i.e., gaps)—temporary areas of higher primary productivity favoring the recruitment of vines and trees and invertebrates in forests—but their impact on vine colonization has never been experimentally tested. Using data from an insect herbivore exclusion (mesh‐netting cages) experiment conducted in an African rain forest (Korup, Cameroon), I logistically modeled the probability of vines colonizing seedlings of three co‐dominant species (Microberlinia bisulcata vs. Tetraberlinia bifoliolata and T. korupensis) in paired shaded understory and sunny gap locations (41 blocks across 80 ha, starting n = 664 seedlings) in a 1–2‐yr period (2008–2009). Vine colonization occurred almost exclusively in gaps, occurring on 16% of seedlings there. Excluding herbivores in gaps doubled colonization of the light‐demanding and faster growing M. bisulcata but had negligible effects on the two shade‐tolerant, slower growing and less palatable Tetraberlinia species, which together were twice as susceptible to vines under natural forest gap conditions (controls). When protected from herbivores in gaps, more light to individual seedlings strongly increased vine colonization of M. bisulcata whereas its well‐lit control individuals supported significantly fewer vines. These results suggest vines preferably colonize taller seedlings, and because light‐demanding tree species grow faster in height with more light, they are more prone to being colonized in gaps; however, insect herbivores can mediate this process by stunting fast growing individuals so that colonization rates becomes more similar between co‐occurring slow and fast growing tree species. Further influencing this process might be associational resistance or susceptibility to herbivores linked to host species’ leaf traits conferring shade‐tolerant ability as seedlings or saplings. A richer understanding of how vines differentially influence forest regeneration and species composition may come from investigating vine–tree–herbivore interactions across light gradients, ideally via long‐term studies and intercontinental comparisons.Abstract in French is available with online material.

Analisa Struktur Dependensi Variabe Pembentukan Asuransi Pertanian Berbasis Indeks Cuaca dengan Multivariat Copula dan Vine Copula

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of the dependency on variables for calculation of insurance based on weather indices such as crop prices, yields, and rainfall. The object of research observation was secondary data on the sub-district of Dlingo Bantul District. In analyzing the dependency of variables that can be used in agricultural insurance calculations, it can be seen that both using multivariate copula and vine copula have the same results. A multivariate copula that directly looks at dependency relationships between three variables. Whereas copula vine can see the size values ​​of the variable pair dependency for each edge in the copula vine tree. In more detail the best dependency for the grain price and rainfall variable is Copula Joe with the parameter θ = 1.76. correlation τ = 0.3. The best dependency between rainfall and yield is Frank Copula with parameters θ = 4.98 and correlation τ = 0.46. The best dependency between rainfall and yield is Frank copula with parameters θ = 2.42 and correlation τ = 0.25.

Pyvine: The Python Package for Regular Vine Copula Modeling, Sampling and Testing

Regular vine copula provides rich models for dependence structure modeling. It combines vine structures and families of bivariate copulas to construct a number of multivariate distributions that can model a wide range dependence patterns with different tail dependence for different pairs. Two special cases of regular vine copulas, C-vine and D-vine copulas, have been extensively investigated in the literature. We propose the Python package, pyvine, for modeling, sampling and testing a more generalized regular vine copula (R-vine for short). R-vine modeling algorithm searches for the R-vine structure which maximizes the vine tree dependence in a sequential way. The maximum likelihood estimation algorithm takes the sequential estimations as initial values and uses L-BFGS-B algorithm for the likelihood value optimization. R-vine sampling algorithm traverses all edges of the vine structure from the last tree in a recursive way and generates the marginal samples on each edge according to some nested conditions. Goodness-of-fit testing algorithm first generates Rosenblatt’s transformed data $${\varvec{E}}$$ and then tests the hypothesis $$H_0^*: {\varvec{E}} \sim C_{\perp }$$ by using Anderson–Darling statistic, where $$C_{\perp }$$ is the independence copula. Bootstrap method is used to compute an adjusted p-value of the empirical distribution of replications of Anderson–Darling statistic. The computing of related functions of copulas such as cumulative distribution functions, H-functions and inverse H-functions often meets with the problem of overflow. We solve this problem by reinvestigating the following six families of bivariate copulas: Normal, Student t, Clayton, Gumbel, Frank and Joe’s copulas. Approximations of the above related functions of copulas are given when the overflow occurs in the computation. All these are implemented in a subpackage bvcopula, in which subroutines are written in Fortran and wrapped into Python and, hence, good performance is guaranteed.

Inhibitory effect of Actinidia arguta on mutagenesis, inflammation and two-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis.

Background Actinidia arguta, known as sarunashi in Japan, is a vine tree native to east-Asia, including Japan, that produces small fruit rich in anthocyanins, catechins, vitamin C, chlorophyll, beta-carotene and other polyphenols.ResultsOur study revealed the inhibitory effect of the juice of A. arguta (arguta-juice) toward the mutagenicity of food-derived carcinogens and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using the Ames test, and antioxidant activity of arguta-juice as determined using a free radical scavenging assay. The formation of DNA adducts in liver of mice fed 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) decreased significantly following administration of arguta-juice. The preventive effect of arguta-juice on the induction of inflammation of mouse ear by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was revealed. The anti-carcinogenic effect of a topically applied partially purified fraction of A. arguta was revealed on skin tumorigenesis in mice induced by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and TPA. In an effort to reveal the mechanisms for antimutagenicity of arguta-juice, effects on the enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics were examined. Combined effects comprising i) inhibition of the metabolic activation of mutagens with phase I enzymes, but ii) no prevention on the activity of phase II detoxification enzyme, UGT, were observed. We also investigated the characterization and partial purification of the antimutagenic components in A. arguta, which suggested that the components in A. arguta responsible for the antimutagenicity were water-soluble, heat-labile phenolic compounds.ConclusionsThese results suggested that components in A. arguta are attractive candidates for potential use as chemopreventive agents.

Pest and beneficial complex in organic viticulture at the conditions of Gokceada Island

Population densities of harmful and predatory insects have been compared in six table (Trakya Ilkeren, Alphonse Lavallee, Tekirdag Cekirdeksizi, Cardinal, Italia, Amasya beyazi x 28/259-1) and six wine (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Kalabaki, Sauvignon Blanc, Ozer Karasi) grape varieties in Gokceada between 2008 and 2011. No difference was determined among table grape varieties. Trakya llkeren has been the most suitable grape variety for Gokceada as it is rarely infested by the pests. Population density of Colomerus vitis Pgst. was statistically different in wine varieties in 2010. Cabernet Sauvignon has continuously been infested by the pest. Arboridia adanae Dlabola and Thrips spp. were harmful in Cabernet Sauvignon in 2011. Merlot has been infested with higher populations of insect pests in some years. Hence, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot should not be preferred in Gokceada. Kalabaki had the lowest population density. Effect of four combinations of green manure, farm manure and olive cake compost was observed on the population density of harmful and beneficial insects on Trakya Ilkeren and Cabernet Sauvignon. The combinations tested had no important effect on the population density of insect pests and predators. Organic fertilization program should be selected according to what grape and vine tree need.

“The chirurgeon must knowe the anatomie”

In 1577, the surgeon, physician and anatomist Thomas Vicary stated, “The Chirurgeon must knowe the Anatomie, for all authors write against those surgeons that work in man's body not knowing the Anatomie: for they be likened to a blind man that cutteth in a vine tree, for he taketh away more or less than he ought to do.” Cheever (1933) reminded us of the saying that the surgeon can learn all the anatomy he needs on his patient- all he needs perhaps, might be rejoined, but not all the patient needs! These sentiments echo the importance of a good basis in clinical anatomy in medical and medically related curricula. In this day of minimally invasive procedures and new diagnostic technologies, even the general practitioner of medicine may be called upon to have a good working knowledge of the human anatomy beyond what is thought to be “necessary.” The current issue of Clinical Anatomy strives to provide the reader with anatomy that goes beyond simple morphological analyses. This issue contains scholarly works on topics such as the hepatic vasculature and surgical landmarks for this region and their application to disease and surgery to the blood supply of the ilium and application to bone grafting. We hope that these topics are useful to you in your practice and teaching of clinical anatomy!

Quantification of the residual biomass obtained from pruning of vineyards in Mediterranean area

Abstract This research quantified the available residual biomass obtained from pruning vines stock. The additional biomass quantified could be used as a source of energy or as raw material for the wood industry and would provide additional income for fruit producers and also a more sustainable system. Several factors were analyzed: Variety, aim of the pruning, age of the plants, size of the plantation, crop yield and irrigation. Regression models were also calculated to predict the weight of dry biomass, obtained per tree and tonnes of dry biomass obtained per hectare, according to the significant factors. These equations could implement logistic planning as the Borvemar model, which defines a logistics network for supplying bio-energy systems. The results show that the shape of the structure of plantation has a strong influence on the quantity of biomass produced, and therefore on the quantity of pruning material. In the vineyards cultivated for fresh grape production, the horizontal trellis produces 3.5 kg/tree and 4.2 t/ha, the more dry matter per vine tree than the double of the high trellis, and the triple than the standard trellis. In the vineyards cultivated for wine production, the standard trellis and vase shape do not have significant differences, reaching 0.8 kg dry matter per vine tree. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the standard trellis produces 2.15 t/ha, a 25% more dry biomass per hectare than the vase shape. The presence of irrigation increases biomass in vineyards by 42%.

Anti-genotoxic activity of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat towards heterocyclic amines and isolation and identification of caftaric acid as an antimutagenic component from the juice

Our study demonstrated that the formation of DNA adducts in liver, lungs, colon and kidneys of mice given a carcinogenic heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine (PhIP), in the diet significantly decreased following the administration of the juice of Vitis coignetiae, purple berries from a vine tree. The juice of V. coignetiae significantly inhibited the clastogenicity and mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in the micronucleus assay and the Ames test, and was an effective inhibitor of the activities of phase I enzymes (cytochrome P450 1A1 and cytochrome P450 1A2) and enhancer of the activities of phase II enzymes (uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase). We investigated the purification and isolation of an active compound in the juice of V. coignetiae using antimutagenicity as a separation marker. Caftaric acid, a polyphenolic compound, was identified as a component responsible for antimutagenicity in the juice of V. coignetiae towards the carcinogenic heterocyclic amine 3-amino-1-methyl-5 H-pyrido[4,3- b]indole (Trp-P-2). This is the first report of antimutagenicity of caftaric acid. Caftaric acid was reported as an inhibitor of the protein–protein interactions mediated by the Src-family kinases. The impact of the juice of V. coignetiae and its constituents on tumor initiation and promotion thus warrants further study.

Absorption and partitioning of applied 15N in a black pepper + erythrina system in Kerala, India

The fate of applied N in soil and its relative uptake by black pepper vine and erythrina tree on which the vine was trailed, were determined using 15N-labelled urea. Rapid depletion of 15N from 0-50 cm root zone was noticed due to heavy leaching during rains. The isotope content of the soil fell below the detection limit within one month of urea application. Both the vine and support tree absorbed N from the labelled fertilizer applied to the soil basin of the vine. Fertilizer use efficiency in black pepper vine was very low, in the range of 6 to 12%. On the other hand, the contribution of applied urea towards N uptake by erythrina support tree was 24 to 40%. Poor utilization of the applied N by the vine was, besides leaching of the nutrient, due to the severe root competition from the support tree. The overall utilization of the applied N was 51.4% by the vine and tree put together when N was applied at the rate of 25 g plant–1 and 31.0% for the dose of 50 g N plant–1.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865–1900. By William E. Montgomery. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xiii + 351 pp. $14.95.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865–1900. By William E. Montgomery. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xiii + 351 pp. $14.95.

Book Review: Under His Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South 1865–1900

Book Review: Under His Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South 1865–1900

<i>Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900</i> (review)

<i>Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900</i> (review)

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American church in the South, 1865-1900.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American church in the South, 1865-1900.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900.

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900. By William E. Montgomery. Baton Rouge, La. Louisiana State University Press, 1993. 358 pp. $29.95

Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900. By William E. Montgomery. Baton Rouge, La. Louisiana State University Press, 1993. 358 pp. $29.95

Under their own vine and fig tree: the African-American church in the South, 1865-1900

Under their own vine and fig tree: the African-American church in the South, 1865-1900

‘Under our own vine and fig tree’: From African unionism to black denominationalism in Newport, Rhode Island, 1760–1876

‘Under our own vine and fig tree’: From African unionism to black denominationalism in Newport, Rhode Island, 1760–1876

ブドウの生体情報の測定と解析による土壌水分管理法の指標化 第２報 生育段階における茎径ならびに果粒肥大の日変化特性

ブドウの生体情報の測定と解析による土壌水分管理法の指標化 第２報 生育段階における茎径ならびに果粒肥大の日変化特性