Anti-genotoxic activity of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat towards heterocyclic amines and isolation and identification of caftaric acid as an antimutagenic component from the juice

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Our study demonstrated that the formation of DNA adducts in liver, lungs, colon and kidneys of mice given a carcinogenic heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine (PhIP), in the diet significantly decreased following the administration of the juice of Vitis coignetiae, purple berries from a vine tree. The juice of V. coignetiae significantly inhibited the clastogenicity and mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in the micronucleus assay and the Ames test, and was an effective inhibitor of the activities of phase I enzymes (cytochrome P450 1A1 and cytochrome P450 1A2) and enhancer of the activities of phase II enzymes (uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase). We investigated the purification and isolation of an active compound in the juice of V. coignetiae using antimutagenicity as a separation marker. Caftaric acid, a polyphenolic compound, was identified as a component responsible for antimutagenicity in the juice of V. coignetiae towards the carcinogenic heterocyclic amine 3-amino-1-methyl-5 H-pyrido[4,3- b]indole (Trp-P-2). This is the first report of antimutagenicity of caftaric acid. Caftaric acid was reported as an inhibitor of the protein–protein interactions mediated by the Src-family kinases. The impact of the juice of V. coignetiae and its constituents on tumor initiation and promotion thus warrants further study.