City Village Research Articles

社会治理背景下村规民约的检视与展望——针对慈溪市10个村的调研

社会治理背景下村规民约的检视与展望——针对慈溪市10个村的调研

Resilience in a changing world: Indigenous sharing networks in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

AbstractGlobal change poses challenges for remote Arctic Russian indigenous communities in the Republic of Sakha. On the basis of interviews from the village of Khara Tumul (Oymyakonskiy ulus) and city of Yakutsk, we illustrate the manners in which sharing networks may be used to enhance resilience in remote conditions as these communities confront climate change, industrial development and limited support from authorities. We identified the main carriers (givers and recipients), location, relationships and mediators, objects, and social and cultural meanings of sharing practices both in daily life and in the case of extreme events. The circulation of goods, money, information and people between cities and remote communities ultimately combines traditional values and modern technologies.

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of debris flow in Matun village, Laomao Mountain area, Dalian city

A giant debris flow occurred in the Laomao Mountain area of Dalian city on July 27, 1981, which caused considerable losses of human lives and damages to properties. The average precipitation of Dalian has increased in recent years as compared with the annual mean precipitation. Increased and concentrated rainfall indicates a high possibility of debris flow outbreak in the Laomao Mountain area. The topography and material conditions of the debris flow gully in Matun village in Wafangdian city, Wanjialing town, Laomao Mountain area lead to the development and occurrence of mudslides. This study analyzed the development conditions of the debris flow gully in Matun village and conducted a risk evaluation of the debris flow gully by analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on field survey in the study area. The results indicate that the debris flow gully in Matun village is highly dangerous, and debris flow occurs during heavy rainfall. In addition, the breakout of debris flow can threaten human life and property.

Temporary Performance Degradation of Photovoltaic Street Light in Kupang City, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia

This study investigated the effect of dust to the performance degradation of PV street lights deployed at several areas (coastal, urban, industry, and village) in Kupang city. Results showed that maximum power output (Pmax) of all modules decreased by 9 % to 14 %. Short circuit current (Isc) was the parameter strongly affected by dust compared to open circuit voltage (Voc). Performance of the PV modules increased back to their initial conditions after cleaning. This was indicated by the increasing of Isc and Voc of the modules that leading to the escalating of their Pmax values. The worst effect of dust was exhibited by PV modules installed at coastal area. A simple analysis revealed that the module would lose 87.75 Wh of energy d–1. This study suggested that dust derating factor applied for PV street light design in Kupang should be higher than the standard (5 %).

Study on Arrangement of Waterlogging Control Storage Tank in City Village

In recent years, the problem of waterlogging in Chinese cities has become increasingly serious, and it is extremely urgent to solve the problem of waterlogging. Urban rainwater storage plays an important role in the prevention and control of waterlogging disasters. The control effect of the internal control of the storage tank is closely related to its layout position. On the basis of comprehensive consideration of the hydrological mechanism for reducing rainwater floods and the requirements for urban flood control, the Huangbian City Village of Panyu District, Guangzhou City was taken as an example to construct a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, pipe network coupled hydrological hydrodynamic model to study urban locusts and the optimal arrangement of the storage tank. The results show that compared with the centralized storage tank is arranged at the lower section of the pipe network bottleneck section and waterlogging point, arranging the storage tank in the upper section of the bottle neck section and the upstream of waterlogging point can not only significantly reduce the drainage pressure of the pipe network, reduce the flood area of waterlogging, but also reduce the storage capacity of a single storage tank and improve the feasibility of engineering construction. The arrangement method can effectively realize the storage function of the storage tank.

Research on Space Improvement and Village Formation of Rias Coastal Village in Kamaishi city and Otsuchi-town

Research on Space Improvement and Village Formation of Rias Coastal Village in Kamaishi city and Otsuchi-town

Spatial Distribution of Influence Factors of Residential Land Price in Cangzhou City Based on GWR Model

This paper mainly takes Cangzhou City as an example to study spatial distribution of influence factors of residential land price, in order to deeply understand the driving factors of the spatial heterogeneity of residential land price in Cangzhou City. Based on the GWR model, the analysis of the influence factors of residential land price shows that the urban center has a significant positive impact on land prices, that is, the closer to the city center, the higher the land price is. The main roads, schools, and parks have different positive impacts on residential land prices, and there are large spatial differences in the degree of influence of various factors. The canal has a negative impact on residential land prices, that is, the closer to the canal, the lower the land price, mainly due to the existence of villages in city on both sides of the canal, which has a certain inhibitory effect on land prices. The impact of hospitals on residential land prices is not regular in spatial distribution.

Dimensions of Space Justice Effect on Quality of Ardebil City Villages Rural Life

Dimensions of Space Justice Effect on Quality of Ardebil City Villages Rural Life

Soluble sugars, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of grape berries as affected by iron and nitrogen

Foliar nutrition is one of the effective cultural practices in vineyards. In this research, the effect of iron chelate (Fe-EDDHA) and urea, each in three levels of 0, 0.5 and 1%, was evaluated with an ANOVA completely randomized block in commercial vineyard (cv “Sultana”) located in Bahareh village of Malayer city (Iran). Vines were sprayed in three stages: a week before bloom (8 June), 2 weeks after bloom (29 June) and 5 weeks after bloom (20 July) during the growth seasons in 2015 and 2016. The grapes harvesting was done in mid-September according to the maturity level of untreated vines. In comparison with the other treatments, moderate levels (0.5%) of fertilizers allow to reach the highest glucose and sucrose concentration at harvest. Foliar spray of high iron chelate doses in combined with 0.5% urea caused a considerable increase in berries putrescine and spermine concentration. However, combination effects of urea and Fe-EDDHA with moderate level (0.5%) were the most efficient for spermidine accumulation of ‘Sultana’ grapevine. For the moderate levels (Fe-EDDHA 0.5%) of fertilizers treatment, most phenolic acids and anthocyanidins reached a peak, and the highest free radical scavenging capacities (DPPH) of grape samples were achieved. The activity superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase increased with moderate levels of Fe-EDDHA in combination with high levels of urea treatments. However, the maximum glutathione reductase was obtained with 1% urea in combination with Fe-EDDHA at 1% concentrations. Altogether, data showed that iron and nitrogen are highly efficient to manage quality and nutritional potential of grape berries.

Urban flood vulnerability assessments: the case of Dire Dawa city, Ethiopia

Dire Dawa city is identified as one of the most flood-affected cities in Ethiopia. Classifying village-level flood vulnerability using flood indicators is a new approach to Dire Dawa city. Analysis of different flood vulnerability factors underpins sustainable flood risk management and the application of Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) approach is the hub of this study. Relevant data were collected from 110 households sampled from purposely selected 10 villages found in Dire Dawa city. The flood vulnerability index was used to compare, classify and rank villages in terms of their flood vulnerability levels. For this purpose, 24 sets of indicators which are strongly affecting the levels of flood vulnerability were assessed from social, economic and physical perspectives. The FVI of each village was computed with unequal method of weighting indicators. The findings of the study revealed that Dire Dawa city villages were experiencing varying levels of flood vulnerability. Accordingly, villages 05, 06, 07 and 09 were identified with high flood vulnerability level while villages 03, 04 and 08 and villages 01, 02 and extension village were identified with medium and low level of vulnerability, respectively. Interestingly, the findings of the study confirmed that social factors contributed much for flood vulnerability in Dire Dawa city. Hence, future urban flood risk planning and management endeavors in the city of Dire Dawa must be underpinned by proper utilization of the flood vulnerability map developed addressing social vulnerability component through both structural and non-structural urban flood risk management measures.

第3報告 南アルプス市の限界集落におけるマウンテンバイカーの森林利用と地域再生（2018年国土緑化推進機構「緑と水の森林ファンド」助成シンポジウム 森林スポーツ新時代─森林利用・山村振興の新たな可能性─）

第3報告 南アルプス市の限界集落におけるマウンテンバイカーの森林利用と地域再生（2018年国土緑化推進機構「緑と水の森林ファンド」助成シンポジウム 森林スポーツ新時代─森林利用・山村振興の新たな可能性─）

The Public Space Pattern research of Guangfu Traditional Villages Based on Spatial Syntax: A Case Study of Huangpu Village in Guangzhou City, China

Based on the space syntax technique and the field investigation of the famous Huangpu Village of Guangzhou city in China, this paper analyzes the current situation of the public space of Guangfu traditional villages and the evolution of historical context and sums up the characteristics of the traditional village public space pattern, which can bring lessons and inspiration to the current update model of public space organizations in Chinese villages.

Identification of landslide potential in Gajahmungkur village Semarang using ground shear strain analysis

The Gajahmungkur village, based on slope and geological structure, are included in the landslide potential category. Research of landslide hazard due to earthquake in weak zone can be done by ground shear strain analysis (GSS). This study aims to provide information related to the potential landslide disaster in the Gajahmungkur village of Semarang city. The data were collected using microseismic method. The research area is 42,000 m2 consisting of 12 points and 3 trajectories. Data processing is done using Software of Geopsy and Surfer to obtain the value of vulnerability index of subsurface ground, maximum ground acceleration value, and ground shear strain value. The result of data analysis shows that the research area at point 9, point 10, and point 12 has the value of vulnerability index which is much higher than the other point so that the value of ground shear strain in all three points is also high. The value of ground shear strain obtained at the order of 10−4 then the dynamic nature that occurs in the research points have a plastic character. This plastic characteristic characterizes the area as a landslide potential.

Comprehensive benefit evaluation on urban village micro-transformation based on extension matter-element model

With continuous promotion and deepening of urban renewal in China, the competent department has realized that the ‘large-scale demolition and reconstruction’ is not a proper reconstruction mode. Therefore, the mode of ‘micro-transformation’ adopted in recent years has gradually played an important role in optimizing the old urban areas and the villages in city, preserving historical and cultural architecture, inheriting the context, activating the use, realizing functional replacement and improving the living environment of the people. The extension matter-element model is used in this article to evaluate the comprehensive benefit of the urban village project under ‘micro-transformation’ mode. Firstly, based on the extension matter-element model, 32 evaluation index systems including five subsystems of politics, economy, culture, society and ecology have been established. Secondly, taking the micro-transformation project of Donghu New Village in Guangzhou as an example, the benefit evaluation of the project is carried out. The research results show that (1) The micro-transformation project of Donghu New Village is successful, with remarkable results in terms of ecological, political and social benefits. (2) In terms of economy, the investment effectiveness is great and the payback period is short, while the cultural benefit requires a continuous tracking survey.(3) Compared with the economic, ecological, political and cultural influences, the social benefit of the micro-transformation to the renovation project is relatively large, the correlation degree of which accounts for 25%. (4) Cultural benefit is also increasingly important to meet the spiritual needs of the residents. The overall proportion is 13.7%, and the indicators after the transformation are excellent. These findings in the article provide breakthrough points for urban renewal dilemma in Guangzhou, and have practical references for China’s urbanization construction in the future.

From Village to City: Social Transformation in a Chinese County Seat, by Andrew B. Kipnis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016. xii+263 pp. US$70.00/£59.00 (cloth), US$29.95/£25.00 (paper).

<i>From Village to City: Social Transformation in a Chinese County Seat</i>, by Andrew B. Kipnis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016. xii+263 pp. US$70.00/£59.00 (cloth), US$29.95/£25.00 (paper).

The song tomb fresco (宋墓壁画) in Panle village of Hancheng City (韩城盘乐村): The medicine-preparation picture (备药图)

A song tomb was discovered in Panle village(盘乐村) of Hancheng city(韩城), Shaanxi Province(陕西省) in 2009. Although it was not of high standard, the tomb contained extremely exquisite frescoes with striking contents. The relation between the identity of the tomb owner and the frescoes had been discussed by scholars, while this paper focused on the social status of doctors in the Song dynasty(宋朝) and the medical scenes reflected in the frescoes, to form different perspectives toward the profession of the tomb owner and the properties of the frescoes.

Relationship of Rainfall, Population Density, and Human Behavior with DHF Incidence in Makassar City

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus which can be transmitted through the bites of Aedes sp mosquitoes and can endanger the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the relationship of rainfall, population density, and human behavior which were the usage of mosquito net and repellent with DHF incidence. This study was conducted in Paccerakang village of Makassar city. The type of this study was observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design. Sample used was 100 houses which obtained by using purposive sampling method. The results showed that there was no relationship between rainfall (p = 0.638> 0.05), population density (p = 0.685>0.05), and human behavior which were using mosquito net (p = 0, 481> 0, 05) and repellent (p = 0, 481> 0, 05) with population density. The community is expected to be more proactive in seeking information on prevention of dengue and the health care should provide information on the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness.

Bioclimatic Adaptation of Typical Houses in Kampong’s Surabaya

Architecture of an ancient house in Kampong’s Surabaya is one of the folk architecture creations in urban areas that grow and follow dynamics of urban development. In some of the city areas, this architecture is still sustainable for living space of city residents, especially for lower and middle class. Kampong as city villages has a high adaptability to development within the city so that it can adjust to future conditions efficiently. Cultures living in kampong require an appropriate strategy in associating with various limitations. However, limitation does not make a typical house in kampong uncomfortable and unlivable. Bioclimatic adaptation can be one of the strategies in development of typical ancient houses in kampong. It seems that typical ancient house in Surabaya City is influenced by tradition and style of Javanese, Colonial and Modern Architecture. Bioclimatic strategy is a design approach that considers the relationship of architecture to climate, biology, technology, in order to obtain comfort and energy efficiency. The form and performance of ancient house architecture in Surabaya City with a bioclimatic approach with occupant spatial interaction is an interesting topic for this study. This study uses quantitative and qualitative research which is descriptive research using field study and description method to explain the interaction between building and its occupant that creates architecture of residential houses and its transformation. Bioclimatic adaptation as a design strategy allows a unique form architecture, climate responsive and environmentally friendly. Facade engineering and building envelopes, eco-friendly building materials, vegetation and water elements, saving energy with smart technologies

The Faustian Bargain: Power-Sharing, Constitutions, and the Practice of Polycentricity in Governance

We explore how different processes of constitution formation involve tradeoffs between exclusion, stability, and commitment, as institutional arrangements are devised for managing cooperation, competition, and conflicts among independent decision-making centers. We build upon John Searle’s institutional theory and explain how it helps us better understand Vincent Ostrom’s idea of a “Faustian bargain”, in which individuals and small-scale organizations give up some of their autonomy to higher level governments in the hope of capturing various economies of scale benefits, while trying to avoid enabling top-down abuses of power. Searle’s theory also allows us to better model the formal and informal processes of institutional change. We explore these challenges of constitution formation and power sharing among centers of decision making using two examples: New York City watersheds, in which power-sharing occurs at different levels, between the city government, counties, towns and villages, the state of NY; and the post-civil war situation in Somalia, in which leaders of different ethnic groups built agreements and eventually introduced democracy.

Investigating the Tendency of the Rural Society to Tourism Development and Identifying the Factors Affecting It (Case Study: Tourism Villages of Karaj)

Purpose- The aim of this study was to investigate the mental image of local residents of tourism destination villages in Karaj city regarding the economic and social effects of tourism and its effect on tourism development tendency. Design/methodology/approach- This research is based on an applied and descriptive-analytical method. Data related to any of the variables have been collected through questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the villages of tourism destination in Karaj city. Out of this, 365 local residents of the villages were selected according to Cochran formula as the sample population. To analyze the research findings, AMOS and SPSS software were used. Findings- The results of this study showed that the mental image of the local residents of the tourism destination villages in Karaj is positive about the economic and social effects of tourism development. Also, the satisfaction of local residents from economic dimensions of tourism with a factor of 0.77 compared to their social mental image with a factor of 0.70 has a greater impact on the local community's desire for tourism development. Research limitations/implications- The difficulty of crossing the mountainous slopes of Chalous Road, the unwillingness of some respondents in the studied villages for individual and social reasons, the lack of sufficient statistics and information about the province of Alborz due to the newly established and non-differentiated statistics from the Tehran province are among the limitations of the research. Practical implications- Neglecting local communities in tourism industry activities is a major bottleneck in participatory planning in order to achieve sustainable development of tourism. In this regard, planners and custodians of tourism in the studied villages should develop sustainable tourism to meet the needs and desires of local residents, while the development of sustainable tourism will be impossible without the participation of local residents and their loyalty toward tourists. In this way, the maximum satisfaction of the local community is realized as an indispensable necessity for the successful development of tourism. Originality/value- In this research, we tried to provide a comprehensive and systemic approach which is a geographical attitude to evaluate the tendency of local residents of target tourism villages of Karaj County about tourism effects. In addition, the effect of this attitude was examined on local community satisfaction using structural equation modeling.