Village Shops Research Articles

Penyediaan Media Informasi Tentang Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Dengan Kerjasama Lintas Program Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sungai Turak

Complications from pregnancy and childbirth as the highest cause of maternal death can be prevented by routine and regular pregnancy checks through antenatal care (ANC). ANC is also carried out with the aim of anticipating high risks during pregnancy. Analysis of the situation that education about pregnancy checks is only centralized at the Community Health Center. A broader outreach media is needed in providing education about pregnancy checks, so that the health level of pregnant women in particular, and society in general, can be better. This community service program seeks to expand the reach of pregnancy examination information media in the community. Efforts are made to create this information media involving cross-program collaboration, for example village officials, places of worship, schools and economic commercial places in Sungai Turak village. Activities will be carried out in December 2023 - January 2024 in the working area of the Sungai Turak Community Health Center. The posters that have been produced are then pasted in public places, Community Health Centers, Posyandu, village offices, village shops and prayer rooms.

How did COVID-19 Pandemic Affect the Rural (Tribal) Livelihoods? A Case Study of Khaprakhol Block

The COVID-19 epidemic has devastated human existence over the planet, shocking people with the new sickness and almost bringing countries to their knees. It was a never-before-seen scene of limited human movements and changing behaviours. Although the good consequences benefit the environment and wild animals by reducing pollution, the adverse effects have a direct impact on the economic status of human beings. The situation was new to all living beings, and difficulties were generated globally, irrespective of rural and urban. The study attempts to discover the key problems of the rural people faced during the lockdown and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their livelihoods. This article also aims to figure out the difficulties faced by rural living for their livelihood. This study is based on primary data and the data collected from the rural living of Balangir (khaprakhol block) district of Odisha. The data collection method was based on random sampling, and a total number of 100 rural living households were interviewed. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics and suitable statistical tools. The outcome of this study is that rural living has faced movement difficulties and trouble for getting work. It has been witnessed that they could not get the marketing facilities to sell their agricultural products. Moreover, rural households were paid higher prices for daily stuff in their locality or village shops. As a result, it was a terrible period for them since employment and money resources made it possible to cope with the increased market price of everyday items. Though the study area is near the forest area and situated in the foothill of Gandhamardan hill, most of the local people depend on forest products as their source of income. The collection of forest products is also affected badly during the collection season by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Regardless of the movement concerns, they were unable to work. Due to employment loss, the disturbance altered the dietary and nutrition profile of rural residents. At the same time, they claimed that MGNREGS work was ongoing but that it was not preferable to work owing to late payment to the bank account. Finally, this article focuses on the rural residents’ livelihoods, which were negatively impacted by the lockdown, and job loss was a constraint for them during the lockdown.

Reducing food insecurity through equitable investments in irrigation: The case of Niger

AbstractWe use Niger as a case study to examine the relationship between irrigation and household food security controlling for the point of crop harvest sales. We use longitudinal household and agriculture data collected by the Living Standards Measurement Study. Using panel fixed effects, we find that irrigation was associated with a 10% decrease in food insecurity, a 9% increase in food consumption expenditure, and improved dietary diversity. Farmers using irrigation experienced higher cash incomes, sold a higher share of the harvest, and had higher crop revenues. Access to irrigation was also positively correlated with the consumption of nutritious food items such as fruits, vegetables, and meat products. Importantly, these effects were found for both farmers using irrigation that primarily sold their harvest locally to neighbors and village shops, as well as for farmers using irrigation who sold in bulk to regional or national traders. Results suggest that investing in irrigation can improve food security, even in areas with limited access to formal markets.

Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung für Dorfläden: Corona-Pandemie als Katalysator?

The Corona crisis offers the window of opportunity to accelerate digitization processes in food retailing. Village shops and rural consumers are traditionally not considered to be digitization pioneers. The research question is: How do the Corona pandemic and digital transformation affect village shops andtheir customers? For answering this question, we present findings of a two-wave household survey in six case study areas as well as results from qualitative interviews with operators of twelve village shops and ten experts. The experiences in theCorona crisis demonstrate the high resilience of the village shops due to increased local demand and flexible adaptation strategies. The contribution of digitization remains limited, even though this transformation is taking place evolutionary in the village shops using trial and error. One danger for village shops is that consumers tend to buy more online due to Corona. Purchasing power outflows in online retail make shop closings more likely, which in turn leads to more online shopping as a coping strategy for consumers when there is no local supply. Thus, we are adding a critical perspective to the discussion on smart villages by not only emphasizing the new digital possibilities, but also by clarifying the risks.

Analysis of the Structure, Conduct and Performance of the Chrysanthemum Flower Market in Pasuruan Regency (Study Case in Tutur Village)

With a total FOB value of $792,698, chrysanthemums had a strong export performance in the previous four years (2014–2018). This demonstrates that chrysanthemums are very competitive in the global market (Balithi, 2019). When comparing the land area in 2018 to the previous year, 2017, the land area declined to 11,105,178 m2, with a production of 488,176,610 and a productivity of 43.96 per hectare of land in 2017. (BPS, 2019). In this research, the structure, behavior, and performance of the chrysanthemum market were investigated with the help of 25 respondents and 18 merchants, with the SCP technique being applied. The findings revealed that monopolistic institutions were responsible for the market structure, which consisted of perfect competition at the farmer level and a monopoly at the marketing agency level, as well as significant obstacles to entry, product differentiation, and vertical integration. According to the findings of an investigation into the behavior of the chrysanthemum market in Tutur Village, wholesalers and flower shops are the marketing agents who conduct the greatest number of marketing duties. Wholesalers have a monopoly on market information, with farmers serving as price takers and, subsequently, marketing organizations serving as price makers. Farmers' marketing options are constrained as a result of the presence of capital linkages between them and intermediaries, and many choose to sell their products through intermediaries rather than directly to consumers. In Tutur Village, there are four different ways in which chrysanthemums may be sold. As a result of the formation of a market structure, each marketing agent employs methods and colludes with others to achieve success. Following an investigation into market performance in Tutur Village, it has been discovered that channel 4 has the largest overall margin, followed by channel 5.

The Current Challenges and Future Alternatives of Supplying Remote Areas with Basic Goods: The Case Study of Idrijsko-Cerkljansko Region, Slovenia

Abstract The accessibility of services of general interest (shops, post offices, banks etc.) in rural hinterlands is decreasing and villages that once supplied areas with services are losing their functions in the central settlements’ network. According to the current analytical framework the key challenges of supply are people’s dependence on car transportation, lack of village shops and other basic services, and e-services replacing location-based services. This paper examines the current dynamics of the supply of basic goods in the Idrijsko-Cerkljansko region of Slovenia. Using mixed methods approach, the paper covers a historical overview of service provision by a field survey and historical analysis, as well as an analysis of demand and supply, done via an online questionnaire. The aim of the paper is to combine the findings into a proposal for an optimized alternative supply network integrating good practices such as linking providers, promoting local products and reopening of village shops.

Market Contribution of Indigenous Poultry Farmer at Household Level

This study was broadly designed to analyze indigenous poultry market participation in Eravurpattu DS division in Batticaloa district. The study was mainly based on primary data obtained from a sample survey in four G.N Divisions in Eravurpattu DS Division. The simple random sampling technique was used to draw the sample and data were collected through pretested questionnaires. In addition to that, secondary data were also used. Data were analyzed using a statistical software, and descriptive statistics, frequencies and regression were done. Aspects of socioeconomic features of farmers, management practices, productivity of animals and socio economic determinants of poultry market participation decision were studied. Most of the indigenous chicken owners were females and practiced indigenous chicken farming as a part time work. Main purpose of Indigenous chicken rearing was both egg and meat production for 91% of farmers. It was found that high loss of birds due to improper housing/predation and disease attack were the major problems faced by chicken farmers. There is no organized marketing for indigenous chickens and eggs. However, middlemen, households and village shops were involved in the marketing activities. The main marketing channel was producer to consumer (75%) through households. The regression results showed that households' decision to participate in the poultry market was significantly (p<0.05) affected by sex of household head, bicycle ownership, market accessibility and source of market information. Further the results suggest that, establishment of effective market information service will enhance the sales of indigenous chicken farmers.

SWOC Analysis of Kirana Shops

The private village shops are the backbone of rural retail marketing. Private retail shops are ideal agencies for village distribution. There are around 2 million sales outlets at the retail level in rural India. One retail shop is serving around 600 families in the rural retail marketing. The retailer to consumer ratio has been very low with many such shops often located close to people residence, near to home and at the corner of the street, thus making location and convenience a major factor for their popularity. Kirana shop is one of the easiest ways to generate self- employment as it requires limited investment in land, capital and human resource. Kirana shops are unique business models in India especially in rural areas which are offering personal services and quality products as per demand of customers. A Kirana shop normally a range from 25 to 400 square feet with a various range of products which are daily requirement of customers. The total area of Sangli district is 8,572 sq. Mt. and there are 10 talukas and 734 towns in Sangli district and registered kirana shops are 5,741. The researcher has collected required information and data from Kirana shopkeepers in Sangli district. The primary data is collected through questionnaire. Discussion, interviews, observation and necessary field work. The sample selection of kirana shops have been selected on the basis of ‘Stratified Sampling Method’. While selecting villages, factors considered are the geographical location of taluka, such as East, West, North, South and Middle, and one village from each direction has selected Therefore, researcher has used ‘ Proportionate Sampling Method’ for selecting taluka- wise kirana shops. Researcher has found that the kirana shops are competing with local bazaars which are to be started by big traders and wholesalers in the sample study area. Competition is the major factor for existence of Kirana shops. Recovery of dues from customers is another challenging problem of the existence of Kirana shops, The consumer behavior is changing because of new technology. Fashions, life styles etc. However, changing consumer behavior is affecting rural based kirana shops. So, now a day, they are suffering for their existence.

TINJAUAN TEORI PERENCANAAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PEMANFAATAN DANA DESA

Abstraksi. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa telah menjadikan desa sebagai ujung tombak salah satu upaya memeratakan pembangunan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Sejak awal digelontorkan, Dana Desa ini terus menjadi sorotan mengingat nominalnya yang cukup besar dan selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Mengingat program-program yang terselenggara melalui pemanfaatan Dana Desa sejatinya merupakan program pembangunan, sudah seyogyanya jika di dalamnya juga melibatkan kajian perencanaan agar tujuan-tujuan yang hendak dicapai dapat terwujud secara optimal. Pendekatan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deduktif yang bermula dari teori dan kajian pustaka dan kemudian dijadikan acuan dalam mengkaji obyek penelitian. Adapaun metode analisisnya menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan data yang diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling yang dilanjutkan ke snow-ball sampling. Terhitung sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2018, desa Jatiroto telah menghasilkan enam produk pembangunan dari program pemanfaatan Dana Desa, yakni jalan desa, talud jalan, jalan pertanian, revitalisasi lapangan voli, pembangunan kios desa, dan penyertaan modal BUMDes. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan sebelumnya, ternyata program-program yang dijalankan tersebut tidak sesuai dengan teori perencanaan secara umum.

Chemical content of unrecorded distilled alcohol (bai jiu) from rural central China: Analysis and public health risk

Newman, I., Qian, L., Tamrakar, N., Feng, Y., & Xu, G. (2017). Chemical content of unrecorded distilled alcohol (bai jiu) from rural central China: Analysis and public health risk. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 59-67. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.236Aims: To test 47 samples of locally distilled unrecorded beverage alcohol (bai jiu) obtained in rural central China.Methods: Alcohol samples purchased from home-based makers or from small village shops were analyzed for ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, six higher alcohols, arsenic, cadmium, and lead. Results were judged against the standards for these compounds set by the AMPHORA Project.Findings: Ethanol concentrations ranged from 38.7% to 63.7% (mean 50.4%). Methanol and methyl acetate detected in all samples did not exceed the Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance (AMPHORA) limits. Acetaldehyde was present in all samples, with three samples exceeding the AMPHORA limit by a small amount. Lead was found in 57.4% of the samples with one sample exceeding the AMPHORA limit; cadmium was found in 89.4% of the samples with two exceeding the AMPHORA limit. Arsenic was found in 46.8% of the samples with none exceeding the AMPHORA limit.Conclusions: The three samples that exceeded AMPHORA limits for cadmium or lead are of concern in terms of the potential of long-term exposure for local people who regularly consume locally made bai jiu. The main health concern from bai jiu appears to be the risk associated with high ethanol concentration—the same health concern as for recorded, commercially produced spirits.

Chemical content of unrecorded distilled alcohol (bai jiu) from rural central China: Analysis and public health risk

Newman, I., Qian, L., Tamrakar, N., Feng, Y., & Xu, G. (2017). Chemical content of unrecorded distilled alcohol (bai jiu) from rural central China: Analysis and public health risk. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 59-67. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.236Aims: To test 47 samples of locally distilled unrecorded beverage alcohol (bai jiu) obtained in rural central China.Methods: Alcohol samples purchased from home-based makers or from small village shops were analyzed for ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, six higher alcohols, arsenic, cadmium, and lead. Results were judged against the standards for these compounds set by the AMPHORA Project.Findings: Ethanol concentrations ranged from 38.7% to 63.7% (mean 50.4%). Methanol and methyl acetate detected in all samples did not exceed the Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance (AMPHORA) limits. Acetaldehyde was present in all samples, with three samples exceeding the AMPHORA limit by a small amount. Lead was found in 57.4% of the samples with one sample exceeding the AMPHORA limit; cadmium was found in 89.4% of the samples with two exceeding the AMPHORA limit. Arsenic was found in 46.8% of the samples with none exceeding the AMPHORA limit.Conclusions: The three samples that exceeded AMPHORA limits for cadmium or lead are of concern in terms of the potential of long-term exposure for local people who regularly consume locally made bai jiu. The main health concern from bai jiu appears to be the risk associated with high ethanol concentration—the same health concern as for recorded, commercially produced spirits.

Retail revolution and the village shop, c. 1660–1860

AbstractVillage shops have been largely overlooked in the recent literature on British retailing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which has sought to redefine the parameters and timing of retail transformation. While urban shops have been explored in detail, often in ways that highlight their role in a parallel transformation in consumption patterns, little attempt has been made to look inside village shops or examine the character and practices of rural retailers. This article addresses this lacuna and offers fresh insights into the shifting position of village shops in these broader economic, business, and social changes. Taking a long view of the period c. 1660–1860, it draws on a wide range of sources to examine the stock sold and the degree of specialization exhibited by village shops, and the changing trading practices of village shopkeepers, including the provision of credit, the pricing of goods, and marketing activities. In doing so, the article highlights both long‐term continuities and important innovations of the type that also characterize urban shops, and argues that village shops, while central to rural social and economic networks, were also intimately bound into broader retail systems.

Making the global local? Overseas goods in English rural shops, c.1600–1760

This article draws on probate inventories from 36 villages in four counties to examine the shifting place of overseas goods in the stock of English rural shops. It shows that a range of colonial groceries and Indian textiles were to be found in village shops from the early-seventeenth century, but that their availability varied considerably, as did their relative to the retail business. Whilst they rarely appear to have underpinned the viability of the shop, their early and persistent presence draws the village shop and the rural consumer into the mainstream of consumption and retail transformation.

Does education level affect the efficacy of a community based salt reduction program? - A post-hoc analysis of the China Rural Health Initiative Sodium Reduction Study (CRHI-SRS).

BackgroundWhether educational level influences the effects of health education is not clearly defined. This study examined whether the impact of a community-based dietary salt reduction program was affected by the level of education of participants.MethodsThe China Rural Health Initiative Sodium Reduction Study (CRHI-SRS) was a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in 120 villages from five Northern Chinese provinces. The intervention comprised a village-wide health education program and availability of salt substitute at village shops. 24-h urine samples were collected among 1903 participants for primary evaluation of the intervention effect. A post-hoc analysis was done to explore for heterogeneity of intervention effects by education level using generalized estimating equations. All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and province.ResultsDaily salt intake was lower in intervention than in control at all educational levels with no evidence of a difference in the effect of the intervention across different levels of education. P value for the interaction term between education level and the intervention was 0.35. There was likewise no evidence of an interaction for effects of the intervention on potassium intake (p = 0.71), the sodium to potassium ratio (p = 0.07), or knowledge and behaviors related to salt (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe study suggests that the effects of the intervention were achieved regardless of the level of education and that the intervention should therefore be broadly effective in rural Chinese populations.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01259700).

Quantitative indicators of fruit and vegetable consumption

The quantitative research of the market is often based on surveys and questionnaires which are finding out the behavior of customers in observed areas. Before purchasing process consumers consider where they will buy fruit and vegetables, what kind to choose and in what quantity of goods. Consumers' behavior is affected by the factors as: regional gastronomic traditions, price, product appearance, aroma, place of buying, own experience and knowledge, taste preferences as well as specific health issues of consumers and others. The consumption of fruit and vegetables brings into the human body biological active substances that favorably affect the health of consumers. In the presented research study we were interested in differences of consumers' behavior in the consumption of fruit and vegetables according to the place of residence and gender. In the survey 200 respondents has participated; their place of residence was city or village. The existence of dependences and statistical significance were examined by selected statistical testing methods. Firstly we analyzed the responses via statistical F-test whether observed random samples have the same variance. Then we applied two-sample unpaired t-test with equal variance and χ2-test of statistical independence. The statistical significance was tested by corresponding p values. Correlations were proved by the Cramer's V coefficient. We found that place of residence has no impact on the respondents' consumption of fruit. The gender of respondents does not affect their consumption of fruit. Equally, the gender does not affect the respondents' consumption of vegetables. Only in one observed case the significant differences proved that the place of respondent residence has impact on the consumption of vegetables. Higher consumption of vegetables is due to the fact that the majority of citizens, who live in villages, have a possibility to grow their own vegetables and, thus, the demand for it in village shops is low.

PENGEMASAN PAKET EKOWISATA DI DESA LIANG NDARA, KECAMATAN MBELILING, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT, FLORES, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Liang Ndara village is one of the village in Mbeliling sub-district, West Manggarai regency, Flores of East Nusa Tenggara Province. Liang Ndara village has many tourism potentials specifically regarding to the ecotourism. Free entrance fee in to those tourism places caused by unserious and less attention of the government are becoming problem, as well as Lack of human resources of people is another problem causing the potentials are not well organized yet and even it is not in a good tourism packaging. The research aim to find out the tourism potential that can be made ecotourism packages and packaging them to become an ecotourism in Liang Ndara village. The data collection of this research is by an observation, documentation, interviewing and as well as literature. The data analysis technic used is by analysis technic of qualitative descriptive. The results of this research showed that Liang Ndara village has three kinds of tourism potential which is in a packaging of ecotourism. Those potentials are the natural tourism potentials consist of Mbeliling Mountain, Cunca rami waterfall, Cunca Wae Kantor waterfall and Liang Niki Cave. The cultural tourism potentials are Caci dance, Compang Kafir Stone, Compang Serani statue, Batu Tiga, Hand Weaving of Songke, Farming Activities such as sopi/arak filtration, cultivating of rice field. Man made tourism potentials are information center in the village, guest house, and souvenir shops. The potentials above are packaged in to two kind of ecotourism packages they are Liang Ndara Village Tour and Mbeliling Green Forest Tour. The suggestions are the government is supposed to put their eyes on to develop those potential exist and need to be hand in hand with the tourism actors as well as the society. The travel agencies are expected to make an interesting tourism package like ecotourism and also supposed to be together with the society to take care and survive the tourism potentials existed.

Condom use, Sexual behaviour and STD risk of HIV/AIDS Rural men in Gianyar, Bali

HIV-AIDS case in Bali each year continued to increase. Rural areas rarely got the intervention of HIV-AIDS program. Whereas cases of HIV-AIDS in Bali continues to rise and cafes in rural areas that provide female sex worker. This condition causes the spread of HIV-AIDS rapidly increased in rural areas. The study was done in a qualitative and quantitative mix in Gianyar regency. Observation participated and survey to 150 rural men and in-depth interview to 15 rural man that was risky. Respondents were selected based on snowballing sampling. Respondents were met from a place they like to hang out in the village shops, fields, village roads, banjo hall (a village meeting place). Rural men consistent use condom only 24.67%, have experience with sexual transmitted disease 46.67%, sexual contact with direct and indirect female sex worker 29.33%, get information from electronic media and mass media 72%, knowledge respondent about HIV-AIDS still low which 14% don’t know and 58% less know. The Rural men usually went to the place of prostitution with his group, most of the rural man did not feel comfortable used the condoms. Some of them had been affected by sexual transmitted diseases and usually bought medicine themselves or being told by a friend. The habit bought medicine on their own without the proper dosage and not to health services increased the risk of HIV transmission. Sexual behaviors that did not use condoms and changed partners was at risk of the spread of HIV/ IDS. Health promotion interventions need to be done on rural areas so that their behavior could decrease risk for HIV.

Village shops: outdated or revived model? Relevance for local supply, social functions and economic viability

An increasing number of villages in many countries do not have any local supplier at all. In the retail sector of Germany, the large supermarket companies require at least 5,000 inhabitants in the catchment area to run a shop. The aim of this paper is to describe the contribution of village shops to local supply and social life as well as to assess their economic viability. Therefore, findings from a telephone survey of approximately 100 shop operators in Germany are presented. The results show the limited supply and social function of the shops as well as their precarious economic situation. Many shops only offer a small range of goods so that the coverage of basic needs is difficult and they are mostly visited for supplementary purchases. Most village shops provide a snack area as a meeting place, but these are relatively seldom used. The findings indicate that permanent public and civic support is required to sustain many small shops in small villages. Because of the market conditions, however, public initiatives cannot halt the trend towards increasing numbers of ‘food deserts’; at best they can slow down the process. Where village shops cannot be sustained economically, home delivery services, mobile supermarkets or improved mobility services are feasible options for assuring local supply for less mobile people.

Village shops: outdated or revived model? Relevance for local supply, social functions and economic viability

An increasing number of villages in many countries do not have any local supplier at all. In the retail sector of Germany, the large supermarket companies require at least 5,000 inhabitants in the catchment area to run a shop. The aim of this paper is to describe the contribution of village shops to local supply and social life as well as to assess their economic viability. Therefore, findings from a telephone survey of approximately 100 shop operators in Germany are presented. The results show the limited supply and social function of the shops as well as their precarious economic situation. Many shops only offer a small range of goods so that the coverage of basic needs is difficult and they are mostly visited for supplementary purchases. Most village shops provide a snack area as a meeting place, but these are relatively seldom used. The findings indicate that permanent public and civic support is required to sustain many small shops in small villages. Because of the market conditions, however, public initiatives cannot halt the trend towards increasing numbers of ‘food deserts’; at best they can slow down the process. Where village shops cannot be sustained economically, home delivery services, mobile supermarkets or improved mobility services are feasible options for assuring local supply for less mobile people.

The (un)importance of the closure of village shops to rural migration patterns

This study investigates the importance of local service provision for the survival of rural areas. EU Rural Development Policy includes support to village shops as a means to sustain population. Shop closing is assumed to negatively affect migration to and from the area served. We analyse quantitative data on all Swedish village shops and the migration patterns in their market areas before and after shop closure. No significant effect of shop closure on either in- or out-migration can be established, regardless of whether larger or smaller market areas are employed or whether migrants with more urban shopping habits (i.e. commuters and families with children) are excluded. Complementary interviews in three villages where the last shop has closed verify the results.