Village Institutions Research Articles

DESAK ADAT ASAK MENUJU DESA WISATA

Bali is a tourist area that is well known both in Indonesia and in the Five Countries. The fragrant name of Bali is a strong attraction for tourists who want to visit Bali and enjoy Bali with its natural and cultural attractions. All districts in Bali have tourist centers both large and small. Starting from the appearance of natural beauty, tradition and culture. All districts have their own peculiarities. Likewise with Karangasem Regency at the East end of the island of Bali. Karangasem Regency has one very unique village, namely Dinas Pertima Village, Karangasem District and its Adat Village called Asak Adat Village. In this article, the writer will present the interesting aspects of Asak Indigenous Village including the origin of the name of Asak Indigenous Village, geographical location, demography, uniqueness, potential and historical heritage of Asak Indigenous Village which can be used as tourist attractions. From each of the sub discussion above, the writer tries to outline in more detail about the intricacies of the Asak Indigenous Village starting from daily life, activities in earning a living, traditional, artistic and religious activities of the Indigenous Asak Village community so that readers can understand and appreciate the desire of the local community to be able to preserve values, customs and religions and traditions that have lasted for generations but can also develop the tourism sector to support the economic resilience of the community and customary institutions in the Asak Adat Village

“Invented tradition”: Restoration and Reconstruction Process of Rural Institutions on Lý Sơn Island, Quảng Ngãi Province, Vietnam

This article discusses and analyses the restoration and reorganization of traditional Vietnamese village institutions in Lý Sơn Island, Quảng Ngãi Province since Đổi mới (Reform, 1986). After understanding this topic, we conducted qualitative research on ethnographic field surveys during the intermittent period from March 2008 to August 2019. Our survey results show that the villagers’ self-government organization in Lý Sơn has been cultivated from the beginning of the establishment of the Vietnamese to today, forming a “village – hamlet – neighborhood (sub-hamlet)” hierarchy (làng – thôn – lân). Despite the severe effects of destruction and war, the system is stable and is playing an increasingly important role in maintaining the religious practices of the community. We use Eric Hobsbawm’s concept of “invented tradition” to explain the changes in rural systems, especially the interaction and mediation between tradition preservation and reconstruction to meet the needs of the community and adapt to the specific social environment of each period.

PENERAPAN COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA BERKELANJUTAN DI KAMPUNG GENTENG CANDIREJO

Kampung Genteng Candirejo is a village that is included in the category of tourist villages in Surabaya. Kampung Genteng Candirejo is characterized by its processing of herbal products and environmental-based village management to achieve sustainable tourism management. The development of Kampung Genteng Candirejo as an alternative for tourism involves community participation in the formation of tourism village institutions as well as the existence of herbal product business units that can improve the community's economy. The purpose of this research is to identify the management of Kampung Genteng Candirejo in the perspective of community based tourism as sustainable tourism. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using the theory of community based tourism. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results showed that community based tourism has been applied to tourism management in Genteng Candirejo Village, the application of community based tourism is applied in the form of active community participation, the formation of tourism village management agencies, the existence of herbal product processing business activities that improve the community's economy, and village management through an environmentally friendly program.

Free reading activities at village institutes: Why and how?

In this study, it was aimed to discuss the free reading activities (FRA) practised for 1 hour at 21 different Village Institutes in Turkey in pedagogical respects. In this regard, FRA, applied within the scope of an extra programme, was analysed in terms of content and method on the basis of cognitive and affective learning. When the findings of this research were evaluated, it was seen that raising literary readers is a part of the educational activities at the institute. The FRA is a programme design supporting the enrichment of intellectual, emotional, social and aesthetic developments. The main purpose of education in the village is the problem of selecting and preparing the books to be read during free reading hours in a well manner. The educators of the period implementing the FRAs created an original model of education appropriate to the social reality of the people and in accordance with their educational needs.
 
 Keywords: Free reading activities (FRAs), village institutes (VI), Turkish curricula, document review.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Digital kepada Industri Kecil dalam Menghadapi Covid-19 di Desa Mentaren II Pulang Pisau

The village of Mentaren II is productive as the center of the snack processing industry. The majority of the people use agricultural land as a livelihood to make various snacks. The management of small industries in this village has been going on for a long time; business actors have their own materials and equipment in their processing practices. Pukades is one of the leading village programs in the direction of development in the village. With this superior village product, it is hoped that it can boost job opportunities in the countryside. So that systematically, it can increase purchasing power and reduce the level of poverty in the village. The sales prospect is quite developed, as evidenced by the many results of their complaining that they are traded in suburban stalls along the Kalimantan road, even directly with buyers. However, this industry's development has faced obstacles since the Covid-19 epidemic, which requires the public not to gather together. This has an impact, especially on business actors who have been relying on conventional marketing systems. At this stage, the community service team visits the village office and meets the village head and village officials, discussing village institutions' activeness, both BUMDes, and Posyantek, in the village. The service team immediately went into the field by visiting several houses that had businesses and conducting brief interviews with the procession of managing activities and various obstacles.

Pentingnya Ekonomi Desa Melalui Terselenggaranya Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) pada Desa Koijabi Kecamatan Aru Tengah Timur

This service aims to socialize the importance of the village economy through theimplementation of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) for village officials and villagecommunities as a basis for improving abilities both individually and as village institutions inKoijabi Village, Aru Tengah Timur District. Problem identification is carried out as an initialstep to formulate what will be used as material for system design and training materials in thisservice activity. Conducted a field survey to Koijabi Village, Central-Eastern Aru District asa place to carry out activities, then conducted training, socialization and discussions with thevillage to identify problems related to the formation of BUMDes. The long term of this PkMprogram is Community Empowerment. Through the creation of Village-Owned Enterprises(BUMDes) in Koijabi Village, Aru Tengah Timur District, the formation of BUMDes requiresHuman Resources (HR) who really understand the ins and outs of management and are ableto market the products managed through BUMDes. Provide understanding to the KoijabiVillage Community for synchronizing programs from the central government to villages aboutBUMDes, and for better structuring the village economy.

Institutional Analysis of Independent During Pandemic Era in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

This paper intends to This study focuses on independent tourism village institutions during pandemic era in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research method used in this research is qualitative research methods. This research was conducted in 10 Independent Tourism Villages in Sleman Regency, between August - December 2020. In this study, three data collection techniques were used, including: literature study, interviews and documentation. Of the 10 tourist villages, 5 of them have sufficiently good institutions and are able to adapt to a pandemic situation. Meanwhile, the other 5 are not sufficiently well-institutionalized and capable of adapting to the pandemic situation. Tourist villages that are able to adapt are able to innovate in realizing quality tourism that pays attention to safety and health aspects through Cleanliness, Health, Safety and Environmental Sustainability (CHSE)

Initiative to Create Ideal Citizens in Rural Areas of Turkey: Assembly of Village Institutes

The subject of the present study is the criticism meetings held regularly in the Village Institutes that were implemented to modernize rural areas of Turkey (1940-1946). Those meetings are entitled as the Assembly of Village Institutes in the present study. The purposes of the criticism meetings were to transform the Institute's students and villagers into modern individuals, eliminate the anti-reform and traditional mentality and spread the idea of a republic in rural areas. This study aims to address the success of those meetings. In the study, first of all, the situation in the villages, the life of the villagers and their mentality before the initiative were explained. Afterwards, Village Institutes initiative as well as, the impressions of the students on the first day they came to the Institute were examined. The criticism meetings held in the Institutes were elaborately assessed, and some events that took place in those meetings were stated in accordance with their sources. Finally, the achievements and success of those criticism meetings were discussed. The present study revealed that the Village Institutes that emerged as a result of the village realities were designed according to the needs of the village. The criticism meetings enabled the transformation of village children, who were docile, submissive, insecure and unaware, into self-confident individuals who knew and sought their rights, and who struggled against injustice. Although this initiative was halted by the change of government in 1946, it enabled to raise about 20 thousand people in a very short time and created a new social status group in the villages.

From “decentralization of governance” to “governance of decentralization”: Reassessing income inequality in periurban China

Grassroots village organizations are crucial for understanding the interplay between the decentralization of state power and growing income inequality in periurban China. Based on a study of 380 shareholding cooperatives and 43 administrative villages in Guangdong, we examine how state policy has interacted with village institutions to determine the management and distribution of collective income among villagers. Our findings suggest that the decentralization of power over collective asset management and distribution to these grassroots organizations did not cause a retreat in the state’s capacity for strategic intervention and local regulatory controls. Rather, the state made continued attempts to regain power over village governance through institutional formalization. Such interventions enhanced the access of villagers to state welfare. However, they worsened income disparities among villagers by undermining the village redistributive mechanism based on informal rules.

Public Governance in Accountability of Village Enterprise (BUMDes) Management: a Stakeholders Perspective

This paper discusses the imbalance of the role of stakeholders in the accountability of village enterprise management. One of the stakeholders dominates, this has hampered corporate actions based on public governance on the accountability of BUMDes management. Accountability is only carried out as a form of procedural accountability to the village government and district government. Even though there is a horizontal accountability mechanism to the public, it does not work effectively.One of the reasons for the accountability failure of BUMDes management is the unclear role and responsibility of stakeholders in managing BUMDes. Rural Communities, Representative Institutions (Badan Permusyawaratan Desa), Private Sector, and the ohter Village Institutions do not have proportional roles and responsibilities in the accountability mechanism for BUMDes management. It means the capacity of stakeholders in the accountability process of BUMDes management is relatively low. Even though the capacity of stakeholders is important to strengthen the accountability of BUMDes management, because all stakeholders can monitor and evaluate the management of BUMDes, so that the dominance of the Headman and BUMDes’s manager can be controlled. Therefore, in overcoming the vacancy in the role of stakeholders, this research proposes the need to create an accountability mechanism based on public governance, where all stakeholders will interact with each other with the aim of influencing the results of public policy. They interact with each other in the management of public organizations to fulfill various interests of the community. To integrate the role of stakeholders in the accountability of BUMDes management it is advisable to use an information system that can bring together all stakeholders in managing a BUMDes. The information system can be used to strengthen the accountability model based on public governance on the management of BUMDes.

KÖY ENSTİTÜSÜNDE KADIN BİR MİMAR: HASANOĞLAN KÖY ENSTİTÜSÜ VE MUALLA EYÜBOĞLU ANHEGGER

Promoted by Atatürk, Village Institutes initiatives was one of the essential steps for Turkey's population in villages and districts for access to education. The biggest reason for this situation is that the majority of the population lived in villages in the first years of the Republic and educational activities were neglected due to the post-war destruction and economic situation. Therefore, various Turkish intellectuals, especially Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who gave great importance to this issue, expressed that the most significant steps in terms of development should be started from the villages with their initiatives. The village institutes, whose preparations were formed in 1935, were tried in 1937, and in 1940 they were placed on a legal basis. The purpose of village institutes, in addition to training teachers, was also providing training for various occupational groups. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk thought that the life of the revolutions could not be prolonged as long as the villagers, who constitute the great majority of the population, were not educated and enlightened. Many architects were allowed to take part in the planning and implementation of village institute buildings and institutes were established in many villages of many provinces. Following the fourteen village institutes established between 1940 and 1941, it was decided to launch the fifteenth institute near Ankara. As a result of the field researches carried out in 1941, Hasanoğlan village, which is 35 km away from Ankara, was selected. It is seen that Mualla Eyüboğlu Anhegger, one of the first female architects of the Republic period, played an active role in the establishment of the Hasanoğlan Village Institute and in the architectural design process, which will be examined within the scope of the study. What makes Anhegger different from other architects of the period is that she played a role in the formation of village institutes both as an educator and as an architect. She continued to carry out this duty in Hasanoğlan Village Institute until 1947 when she caught deadly malaria and had to leave her duty. In the context of the education that Atatürk valued, it is aimed to examine the multi-faceted contributions of architect Mualla Eyüboğlu Anhegger to the Hasanoğlan Village Institute, which constitutes the scope of the study, with the identity of an educator as well as an architect through descriptive case study approach which is among qualitative research methods.

Implementation of Desa Tangguh Bencana policy in Magelang Regency

Natural disasters continue to occur in Magelang Regency every year and cause damage and loss to the community. The government agency designated for disaster management, namely Badan Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana (BPBD), develops Disaster Resilient Village Program (Destana). The purpose of this study is to analyse the implementation of Desa Tangguh Bencana in Magelang Regency. The research methodology uses qualitative methods and data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study demonstrate that the implementation of Desa Tangguh Bencana policy in Magelang Regency regarding the objectives of the Destana program in Margoyoso village could be achieved because the Destana activists understood the program's objectives and there is support from the government, non-governmental institutions, village institutions and the community. Meanwhile, the implementation of the Destana program is also influenced by the support of human resources, funds, infrastructure and other resources. The implementation of the Destana program in Margoyoso village is quite successful due to resources, namely human resources, funds and infrastructure available in Margoyoso village. Policy implementation requires collaboration, namely coordination and cooperation of performers of Destana activities. In carrying out Destana activities, the consensus is needed to reach decisions that are beneficial to all parties. In cooperation and coordination, it is necessary to have clear job descriptions of each participant so that there is no overlapping when implementing activities. JEL Classification: A21, I28.

The Question of the Modernization of Turkey's Rural Areas: Village Institutes

This study aims to examine the Village Institutes -that is one of the most important initiatives carried out in rural areas of Turkey-, the village educators and village teachers who have been educated in these institutions, the quality of the education they received, their duties, and the contributions they made in the villages in a detailed manner. The starting point of this study is basically the fact that the notion of village educators and village teachers are often confused with each other in the literature. This study aims to bring an end to this confusion and to examine the village institutes initiative from a more comprehensive perspective. As a result of this study, it has been revealed that studies conducted without considering the existence of two different village types in rural areas of Turkey would be misleading. In addition, it was stated that the concepts of village educator and village teacher should be accepted and examined in the historical process. URL: https://vsas.fvs.upjs.sk/

Fraud prevention of village funds in East Java Indonesia

This review aims to sniff out potential fraud in controlling village funds and to find out effective mechanisms for preventing village fund fraud in Indonesia. However, apart from contributing institutions that were small, previous researchers have ignored the problem of fraud shortly threatening sustainability of institutions such as a small rural village in Indonesia. So, this study is intended to find out how a small village level institution can prevent fraud. This analysis uses a self-administered questionnaire and distributes 250 questionnaires to village heads, secretary of village heads, and financial treasurers in village institutions with 179 questionnaires for which data can be processed. To test the theoretical model, multiple regression is used. Outputs from multiple regression reveals that a habit of honesty and integrity have a positive effect and significant, process and control the internal and supervisory functions are good and behavioral religious has a positive effect but are less significant in the fraud preventive mechanism if implemented partially. This finding also provides a strong picture that if the four dimensions of fraud prevention mechanism must be implemented simultaneously to have high effectiveness and vice versa. On the whole, the research paper is advocating some tactics to prevent fraud which is effective to reduce the threat of fraud in the institution at the smallest village level in Indonesia and the countries of the developing others. The lack of studies empirically the impact of habits of honesty, internal control, and monitoring Duty proper religious behavior and attitudes in an effective study of fraud prevention in non-Western environments has answered the need for this research.

Out of Communal Land: Clientelism Through Delegation of Agricultural Tenancy Contracts

Do local institutions influence the nature of political clientelist exchange? We find a positive answer in the context of a village institution prevalent in Java since the Dutch colonial rule, where democratically elected village heads receive usufruct rights over a piece of communal village land (bengkok land) as a compensation for their service in lieu of salary. To formulate how limited-term private ownership of bengkok land promotes clientelism, we model a timely delegation of agricultural tenancy contracts to villagers-cum-voters as an incumbent re-election strategy. Based on a household survey fielded in 2018 across 130 villages in Java, Indonesia, we find that the chances of a bengkok plot being rented out increase by 6 percentage points as the time of the next election becomes closer by one year, and sharecropping is preferred to a fixed-rental contract as the election approaches. The empirical results are statistically significant and remain largely unchanged against a series of robustness checks. We also find suggestive evidence of short-term efficiency loss from clientelist politics over bengkok land.

ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA KELAPA PATI

The degradation of mangrove ecosystems in Bengkalis Regency is caused either one by mangrove ecosystems management that are still not optimal. The research of institutional analysis of mangrove ecosystem management in Kelapa Pati Village was conducted in November 2019 in the mangrove ecosystem of Kelapa Pati Village, Bengkalis District, Bengkalis Regency. The assessing of institutional  role about mangrove ecosystems management in Kelapa Pati Village was carried out based on in-depth interviews with informants in the form of selected stakeholders. Institutional analysis of mangrove ecosystems shows that the mangrove ecosystem institutions in Kelapa Pati Village are grouped into: Key players (Managers, Village Heads, Regents, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Provinsi, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten), context setters (DPRD), crowds (Dinas PU , BAPPEDA, Dinas Perikanan, NGO, and University); and subjects (community and community leaders).

The Gastronomy of Tenggerese's "Cangkriman-Sodoran" Oral Literature

The diversity and uniqueness of Tenggerese cuisine is a small part of the complexity of gastro-ritual. So far there have not been many comprehensive studies on the gastronomy in Tengger, especially the one in Tenggerese rituals. This article is focused on the ways Karo ritual reveals the aspects of art, aesthetics, socio-culture, history, and science and knowledge. Using the perspective of gastronomic literature, this research found out that the sacredness of traditional Tenggerese cuisine is stabilized in the oral literary piece of Cangkriman. This oral literary piece, which falls into the category of puzzle, becomes an integral part of the performance of Sodoran dance. Sodoran dance in turn becomes an integral part of Karo festival. The symbols of mercy, generosity, thoroughness, detailedness, and ancestor veneration can be seen in the preparation and serving of ritual foods (sesaji [food offerings]) and foods for the participants (cooked rice, side dishes, and snacks) in Karo festival. The preparation and serving of Karo ritual foods show unique culinary aesthetics. The preparation and serving of foods, side dishes, and snacks, which are done by the village institution bethek-sinoman, show a social activity that is full of the value of gotong royong (mutual cooperation). Specifically the genealogy and embryology of the Tenggerese people are symbolized in the traditional snacks of pepes and pasung.

Pengembangan kawasan pesisir melalui pembentukan Desa Wisata Sepahat Kabupaten Bengkalis

This paper aimed to develop the tourism potential of Sepahat Village, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis Regency, what has been carried out, the obstacles are faced, and guidance efforts are carried out to support the realization of a tourist village, as well as recommendations that can be undertaken in the future. This community service activity used several methods, namely FGD, consultation, mentoring, and training. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted between the companion team (community service) with a team of cross-disciplinary and cross-university experts who were concerned and experienced in developing and assisting the fostered village and tourism village. FGD was also undertaken with the village head and local community leader. Consultation was carried out between local business actors, village head and community service team. Assistance was carried out between business actors directly related or as a support to tourism activities with local groups. The exploration of new economic potential in developing tourist villages, adding to the existing potential on the coast with peat soil, identifying a number of activities to encourage the realization of tourism villages, active participation and strong support from the society and local officials, gathering of society in tourism awareness groups, and also received a number of policy proposals to strengthen tourism village institutions.

The Urgency Of The Formation Of Village Regulations Concerning Customary Institutions In Creating Legal Protection For The Adat Community Of Ngadisari Village Sukapura Sub-District Probolinggo District

The existence of customary institutions in the village is important because it has a duty to assist the Village Government and as partners in empowering, preserving and developing customs. The Village Customary Institution can occupy its rank with official recognition from the Government through a Village Regulation. Ngadisari Village was chosen as the object of this research because it has its own uniqueness, this village has indigenous people who are still strong in maintaining the traditions of their ancestors' heritage. Meanwhile, Ngadisari village also has a customary institution that carries out customary functions and is part of the original village structure that grows and develops on the initiative of the village community. The research method used is a type of empirical research and using sociological approach. The order of village regulations regarding customary institutions in order to make Adat Institutions as an alternative to dispute resolution, maintain local culture and play a role in village development. In addition, this formalization effort is also needed to maintain the existence of customary villages, provide legal protection and help cooperation between traditional village institutions of Ngadisari and other village customary institutions. This is in accordance with the duties of the customary institutions in Permendagri Number 18 of 2018 concerning Village Community Institutions and Village Traditional Institutions.

Strategi Pemasaran Pantai Dream Island Di Mertasari Desa Intaran Sanur Kauh Kota Denpasar

Tourism in Indonesia has recently grown rapidly in one of them in the city of Bali. Bali has a very beautiful natural potential, one of the natural potentials developed is coastal tourism. Dream Island Mertasari Sanur Beach is one of the beaches that is still new but has a lot of potentials. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the existing conditions and marketing strategies that exist on Dream Island the Mertasari Beach Sanur Kauh City of Denpasar.
 The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data. The primary data in this study are data sourced from direct observation to the location of the study and by interviewing informants. While secondary data in this study are data obtained from documentation and literature to complete the primary data. The technique of determining the informants used was purposive sampling.
 The results showed that the existing conditions on Dream Island Beach based on Concept 4a were still lacking. The condition of the attraction is very good but for access and facilities still, have some disadvantages that need to be improved in the future. The reality that is on Dream Island Beach only consists of private parties and village institutions. The marketing strategy at Dream Island Beach has not been optimal due to several problems such as business license constraints and lack of cooperation with promotional media.
 
 Keywords: Marketing Strategic, attraction, Dream Island Beach