Village Houses Research Articles

Shelter or status? Housing and the shifting markers of family status in Tibetan communities in China

This paper explores the ways new houses in Tibetan villages of Qinghai have become a marker of family status. After the advent of state-led housing subsidy projects in China’s Qinghai province in 2009, Tibetan villagers have actively and increasingly engaged in building new houses to maintain their family status and prestige. According to local standards, owning a new, high-quality house is now an important measure of the household’s living standard and signals the family’s social and economic status. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital, and engaging with cultural geographies of home and house, this study examines the shifting markers of family status and explores how state-led development projects inscribe social, cultural, and political meanings in housing. In doing so, it argues that Tibetan villagers’ desire to construct new housing in Qinghai province is to create markers of family status, not actual shelters.

“They Shall Come into the Hollows of the Earth” (Isa 2:19): Bar Kokhba-Period Hiding Complexes at Biblical Tels—Tel Lavnin as a Case Study

Hiding complexes in Judea have been objects of considerable scholarly interest since the 1970s. By now, we are well acquainted with their main features and spatial distribution. Most hiding complexes in the Judean foothills were cut beneath the houses in Jewish villages. They were entered via shafts carved out of the nari rock, leading to underground passages quarried in the soft chalk beneath. Following recent intensive looting at Tel Lavnin, a site located in ‘Adullam Park, south of the Ela Valley, inspectors of the Antiquities Theft Prevention Unit of the Israel Antiquities Authority documented three hiding complexes. In this paper, we present these hiding complexes and the objects discovered in them. We discuss these complexes’ special architectural features and ponder why particular architectural methods were chosen. We then compare the complexes of Tel Lavnin to complexes documented elsewhere in Judea. We propose that they constitute an architectural subtype of hiding complexes from the Bar Kokhba Revolt and predict that others like them will be discovered in the future.

Діяльність політосвітніх організацій на Поділлі у 1920-ті роки

The purpose of the study is to highlight and analyze the activities of Soviet political and educational organizations (clubs, reading rooms) in Podillia to follow the tasks and evolution of the content of their work. Th e research methodology is based on the principles of a concrete-historical approach or historicism, comprehensiveness, integrity, systematicity, as well as the use of the methods of analysis and synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, statistical, and problem-chronological. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in historiography, the content and essence of the Soviet political and educational work in Podillia during the period of the policy of “Ukrainization” has been comprehensively ana- lyzed. Conclusions. At the beginning of the 1920s, a wide network of Soviet political and world organizations (clubs, farm buildings, and others) was created in Podillia. Th eir creation was preceded by the closure or reorganization of those cultural associations that operated during the time of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Th e main goal of Soviet political and educational work was to attract the population to “proletarian culture” to Bolshevize it and to turn it away from the Ukrainian national process. However, during the “Ukrainization” policy, clubs and villages also played a positive role in the elimination of illiteracy among the adult population contributing to the formation of a new rural Ukrainian intelligentsia and spreading the achieve- ments of Ukrainian art among the peasantry. In the course of the 1920s, numerous “cleanings” of the funds of village houses, reading rooms, clubs, and libraries took place periodically. Th ey especially intensifi ed aft er the beginning of “complete collectivization” at the end of 1929. Many employees of political organizations began to be accused of political mistakes, carrying out anti- Soviet nationalist work, but this is a topic for a separate study

Diversity and Variation in China's Yao Ancient Wood Frame Structures Through Genetic Algorithms

This study, focusing on the China's Yao minority community, investigates the feasibility to create a generative computational method to replicate the diversity of the existing Yao traditional wood buildings, addressing the critical issues currently facing computational design methods, in the attempt to adapt genetic-generative algorithms to the study of local ancient architecture. The project develops a computational tool to generate a network of three-dimensional prototypes, or building structures, derived from traditional wood frame village houses. It studies possible housing structures that illustrate some of the key working methods available in digital systems such as ‘generating' and ‘compositing' taking as a starting point computational strategies oriented towards geometry and where a set of local variables play a decisive role: available local technologies, use of raw materials, and the dimensioning of timber components based on data collected from Yao architecture.

Estimating Space-Cooling Energy Consumption and Indoor PM2.5 Exposure across Hong Kong Using a City-Representative Housing Stock Model

High-quality data on building energy use and indoor pollution are critical to supporting government efforts to reduce carbon emissions and improve the population’s health. This study describes the development of a city-representative housing stock model used for estimating space-cooling energy use and indoor PM2.5 exposure across the Hong Kong housing stock. Archetypes representative of Hong Kong dwellings were developed based on geographically-referenced housing databases. Simulations of unique combinations of archetype, occupation, and environment were run using EnergyPlus, estimating the annual space-cooling energy consumption and annual average PM2.5 exposure concentrations under both non-retrofit and retrofit scenarios. Results show that modern village houses and top-floor flats in high-rise residential buildings, on average, used 19% more space-cooling energy than other archetypes. Dwellings in urban areas had lower exposure to outdoor-sourced PM2.5 and higher exposure to indoor-sourced PM2.5 compared to those in rural areas. The percentage decrease in space-cooling energy consumption caused by energy efficiency retrofits, including external wall insulation, low-e windows, and airtightening, varied significantly based on archetype. The implementation of external wall insulation in the housing stock led to an average decrease of 3.5% in indoor PM2.5 exposure, whilst airtightening and low-e windows resulted in 7.9% and 0.2% average increases in exposure, respectively.

A Story with Characters and Action

A Story with Characters and Action

Persistently high proportions of plasmodium-infected Anopheles funestus mosquitoes in two villages in the Kilombero valley, South-Eastern Tanzania

BackgroundIn south-eastern Tanzania where insecticide-treated nets have been widely used for >20 years, malaria transmission has greatly reduced but remains highly heterogenous over small distances. This study investigated the seasonal prevalence of Plasmodium sporozoite infections in the two main malaria vector species, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis for 34 months, starting January 2018 to November 2020. MethodsAdult mosquitoes were collected using CDC-light traps and Prokopack aspirators inside local houses in Igumbiro and Sululu villages, where earlier surveys had found very high densities of An. funestus. Collected females were sorted by taxa, and the samples examined using ELISA assays for detecting Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein in their salivary glands. ResultsOf 7859 An. funestus tested, 4.6% (n = 365) were positive for Pf sporozoites in the salivary glands. On the contrary, only 0.4% (n = 9) of the 2382 An. arabiensis tested were positive. The sporozoite prevalence did not vary significantly between the villages or seasons. Similarly, the proportions of parous females of either species were not significantly different between the two villages (p > 0.05) but was slightly higher in An. funestus (0.50) than in An. arabiensis (0.42). Analysis of the 2020 data determined that An. funestus contributed 97.7% of all malaria transmitted in households in these two villages. ConclusionsIn contexts where individual vector species mediate most of the pathogen transmission, it may be most appropriate to pursue a species-focused approach to better understand the ecology of the dominant vectors and target them with effective interventions to suppress transmission. Despite the ongoing efforts on tackling malaria in the two study villages, there is still persistently high Plasmodium infection prevalence in local populations of An. funestus, which now carry ~97% of all malaria infections and mediates intense year-round transmission. Further reduction in malaria burden in these or other similar settings requires effective targeting of An. funestus.

Implementasi Kebijakan Konvergensi Pencegahan Stunting melalui Rumah Desa Sehat (RDS) di Desa Sindangsari Kecamatan Pabuaran Kab.Serang

Regulation of Kemendes PDTT No. 16/2018 concerning Allocation of Village Funds (Alokasi Dana Desa/ADD) declare that one of the Village Funds priorities is to improve health services in village. The Healthy Village House (RDS) is a community centre whose role is to encourage health literacy in the village as well as to advocate for development policies in the village to be more focused on efforts to improve the health status of the community in the village. The establishment and development of RDS is facilitated by Kemendes PDTT as an effort to prevent stunting. The prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia in 2019 reached 27.7 percent, still far from WHO target of 20 percent, and in Banten Province itself it reached 24.1 percent (Source: Study of Nutritious Toddler of the Ministry of Health, 2019). Stunting ins chronic nutritional problem who are characterized by a shorter height than the average age of children, children become susceptible to disease and when they are adults are at risk of degenerative disease. The stunting reduction acceleration program is one of the government’s priority program in the health sector and targeted 14 percent in 2024. The Healthy Village House (RDS) is a joint secretariat in the village, functioning as a transmitter of health information, that a person, family or community is able to help themselves (independently) in the health sector and play an active role in health development in the village, in this case including the stunting prevention convergence policy. Convergence policy is interpreted as an intervention approach carried out in a coordinated, integrated and jointly targeted manner in geographic areas and priority households to prevent stunting. Stunting prevention policies is a challenge during COVID-19 pandemic due to rising unemployment and poverty rate. Sindangsari Village has established the Healthy Village House (RDS) using allocation of village funds (ADD) and providing nutritional food assistance for stunting toddlers. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the stunting prevention convergence policy at the village level through the Healthy Village House (RDS) in Sindangsari Village, Pabuaran District of Serang Regency. Keywords: Convergence, Healthy Village House, Policy, Stunting

On the Digital Path of the Protection of Folk Houses in Qiang Nationality Villages from the Perspective of Digital Media Technology

In order to better adapt to the development nationalities of the digital media era and promote the inheritance path innovation of traditional nationality cultural resources, this study takes Qiang nationality village houses as the research object and takes the digital media era as the research background to deeply analyze the inheritance and protection path of Qiang nationality village house culture in the digital era. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of digital protection path of minority residential buildings based on point cloud technology and BIM Technology. This method constructs the digital resource database of village residential buildings by constructing the BIM model and the three-dimensional model of point cloud technology and then constructs the building information model based on traditional residential buildings from the data of building model, graphic influence, and cultural attributes, so as to provide technical support for the protection, repair, and reconstruction of ethnic minority buildings and the inheritance of ethnic culture.

Local Officials’ Perceptions of Climate Victim Management Challenges on Bangladesh’s Southeast Coast

In Bangladesh, extreme weather events displace about one million people each year. The national government resettles these climate victims by allocating houses in so-called cluster villages. This paper examines how local disaster management officials manage the resettlement of climate victims in Bangladesh’s coastal areas. For this paper, we conducted a preliminary field work, questionnaire survey, and informal phone interviews. The questionnaire survey was conducted from March to July 2020 among 70 central government civil servants who worked as disaster management officials and played a pivotal role in local decision making for climate victim resettlement. This paper first examines how national disaster response policies were implemented in local areas before, during, and after disasters. Our questionnaire survey results show five management challenges local officials faced in managing displaced people: (1) local officials’ limited onsite experience, (2) varied impacts of natural disasters on islands and the mainland, (3) arbitrary engagement in disaster response actions, (4) lack of evacuation drills, and (5) weak coordination skills among relevant stakeholders. In particular, these challenges were acute among island officials. Our multiple regression analyses show that the respondents’ age and onsite work experience (p < 0.05) significantly affected their perceptions. Overall, these findings suggest a need to drastically improve local disaster governance capacity. This study offers insights into how countries with similar challenges may respond to climate-induced displacement in the future.

A Review of Bioclimatic Housing Performance in Kampung Surabaya Using Response Surface Methodology

The existence of old houses as folk's houses in urban villages or kampong in Surabaya City that are still sustainable can be a precedent for today's architecture. Kampung with residential neighborhoods and dense urban village communities with middle to lower socio-economic strata have produced many distinctive architectural styles of houses. Several studies have shown that kampung's housing has high adaptability to urban developments. A comprehensive review of adaptation, one of which is a bioclimatic adaptation, where the performance of the house building is influenced by the relationship of living organisms, climate, and shape of the building. Bioclimatic adaptation as an architectural strategy is based on comfort-based rationale and low energy to create buildings with better thermal performance. Then how does the thermal performance of old houses as cultural products in the kampung contribute to sustainable thermal comfort? For this reason, the development of a response surface methodology is used as a technique to assess building performance in a quantitative bioclimatic context to complement the qualitative description. Data or information about facts in the field of old houses were obtained from observing the physical traces of the building and interviews with the occupants of the house. Analysis with the response surface methodology will show building optimization in achieving thermal comfort with energy efficiency efforts in old houses in Kampung Peneleh, Surabaya City with various levels depending on the architectural style of the building (Javanese House, Indische House, Yankee House, Modern House). The good thermal performance of old houses can be a precedent in the bioclimatic architectural design of houses in dense settlements such as in urban villages.

Developing A Database of the Architectural Organization Experience in Rural Housing in Coastal Villages in Thai Binh Province able to Withstand Storms

Thai Binh Province currently has 24 coastal villages in two districts, Thai Thuy and Tien Hai, and is one of the places most affected by strong winds and storms in the northern coastal area of Vietnam. On average, there are approximately 2.0 to 2.5 storms each year, with the average rainfall per storm being 150 to 200 mm. The strongest storm occurred at level 14 and had gust levels of 15 to 17. The storm surge caused by this storm was up to 3.5m (in the future, it could be up to 4.9 m), with tidal amplitudes ranging from 1.7 to 2.0m. In order to adapt to storms, people in the coastal villages of Thai Binh Province have used their own experiences in housing organization and construction to withstand strong winds and storms. Therefore, the authors would like to research and build a database on the architectural organization of coastal rural houses that resist strong winds and storms based on Thai Binh citizens' experiences. Three targets need to be achieved: identify the lessons learned from organizing the architecture of rural coastal houses resisting storms, develop a database on the architectural organization of rural coastal housing that can withstand storms, and propose an application solution based on the built database.

Willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses: A case study of 45 villages in Henan Province, China

The willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses has an important impact on local urbanization. At present, there are few researches on the willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses. The existing researches mostly focus on the perspective of sociology and economics, and few studies are conducted from the perspective of geography. Based on the survey data of 45 villages in Henan Province of China in 2019, this study used binary logistic method to study the influencing factors of the willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses. The willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses is affected by many factors, such as personal, family, village, and returning factors. Among them, age and returning period are negatively correlated with the willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses. Factors such as years of education, years of working, and per capita income of village are positively correlated with the willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses. Returning migrant workers in plains and hilly areas are more willing to purchase houses than those in mountainous areas. The formation of the willingness to purchase houses is mainly related to economic foundation, age, marital status, and other factors. Returning migrant workers are becoming more willing to purchase houses, and the expected locations are mainly concentrated in the county seats. In the context of China's high density of rural population and rapid urbanization, more returning migrant workers are expected to purchase houses in cities and towns for the sake of employment, marriage, children's education, and access to public services. As a result, there is an extensive market of potential purchasers, which affects the development of the local urban real estate industry and is of great significance for returning migrant workers to truly integrate into the cities. However, some returning migrant workers still choose to purchase houses in villages, mainly affected by traditional concepts, living habits, and the better development of villages. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore the willingness of returning migrant workers to purchase houses, so as to master the flow laws and future behavior of returning migrant workers to purchase houses.

The Factors Associated with Prevention and Control Practices against Zika Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in Malaysia, a Dengue-Endemic Country.

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevention and control practices against Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among pregnant women in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who received antenatal care. Only 7.8% reported that they abstained from sex or used barrier methods during sexual intercourse to prevent ZIKV transmission. The odds of abstaining from sex or using barrier methods were significantly higher among the Chinese ethnic group than the Malay ethnic group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.569; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.696-7.743). A total ZIKV knowledge score of 12-24 was also significantly associated with higher odds of abstaining from sex or using barrier methods than a score of 0-11 (OR = 2.819; 95% CI: 1.682-4.725). In total, 38.6% of women had a higher mean total score for all the current mosquito control practices than they did before hearing of ZIKV. Participants living in bungalows or village houses (OR = 2.006; 95% CI: 1.023-3.936) and low-rise houses (OR = 1.566; 95% CI: 1.109-2.212) were more likely to have a higher mean total score of current mosquito control practices than the practices before hearing of ZIKV compared to those in high-rise houses. The lack of ZIKV knowledge and control practices provides insight for the pre-emptive and prompt development of health education systems for pregnant women during antenatal care visits.

FORMATION OF RAILWAY STATION BUILDINGS ARCHITECTURE OF RAILWAY LVIV – SIANKY

On the basis of the imperial (1873/1903–1918), interwar (1919/1921–1939), soviet (1945–1991) and modern (since 1991) historical periods of Ukraine, the development of the architecture of railway buildings and other passenger structures of the railway branch Lviv - Sianky in the main functional, spatial, structural and artistic properties isstudied. All stations and stops of the studied line belong to the coastal type, have connections of landing platforms with station buildings and settlements in one ground level. The buildings of the Turka and Jasenyzia railway stations are the oldest, well-preserved and belong to the projects of the local Austrian group of the imperial period. The railway buildings of Komarno, Rudky, StaryiSambir, Strilky, as well as Boykivska, Vankovytchi, Yavora are unique in their characteristic silhouette and roof shape and can be found only on the Lviv - Sianky railway. In terms of style and composition, they reflect the then vision of the architecture of public buildings, as well as contain links and support the image of the former village houses of Boykivshchyna (Boykos Land). The trend in the formation of architecture of buildings and structures of Lviv - Sianky railway stations in general is due to changes in the scale of construction and methods of passenger service from the originally majestic two-story station buildings at stations with passenger, service and residential functions (in the imperial, interwar periods). buildings with ticket offices and waiting rooms (in the early Soviet period), - to serial metal structures of open waiting rooms at landing platforms (stops) with techniques and means of industrial design (in the late Soviet, modern periods).

Indian dairy industry

In India, the dairy industry plays a very important role in the country’s socio-economic, culture development and constitutes an important segment of the rural economy. Dairy industry provides subsistence to millions of houses in villages, ensuring supply of quality milk and milk products to people in both urban and rural areas. A farmer can earn a gross surplus of about Rs. 60,000 per year from a unit consisting of 2 milking buffaloes. Even more profits can be earned depending upon the breed of animal, managerial skills and demand of marketing. The role of agriculture in the segment of national & international trade is very much important to understand the economic development. About 70% of Indian export depends on agriculture products in includes by dairy products. The co-operative dairy is an agency which carries a production of milk and marketing milk product. This activity supports the producers who are having low income farmers. The mainly paper is divided into three parts are first parts deals with the Development of Dairy Industry in India, second part consist with problems of Indian dairy industry and last part covers solution is the concluding remarks.

An examination of perceptions and preferences for tiny house villages for the homeless in Missouri

Homelessness is increasingly being addressed with tiny house villages. These developments face barriers, the greatest of which is NIMBYism (Not-in-my-backyard sentiment) (Evans, 2021). Through a stakeholder survey, this research examines community perceptions of, and preferences for, various visual, physical, and social factors related to tiny house villages for the homeless. The survey finds that stakeholders do have distinct preferences for certain physical characteristics and traits related to tiny house villages for the homeless. The research suggests that taking such preferences into account may result in tiny house villages for the homeless that enjoy greater community support than those that do not.

SPATIAL ADAPTABILITY PATTERN OF RIVERSIDE KAMPONG COMMUNITIES IN GANG NIBUNG SAMARINDA

Each settlement has specific characteristics and characteristics based on their respective backgrounds. Gang Nibung Samarinda is an urban kampong settlement on the banks of the Karang Mumus River of Samarinda City. Characteristics of riverside settlements are different from settlements that do not have rivers, these characteristics can be reviewed from how the community adapts to be able to use space on housing and environment in riverside city villages. The community adapts to be able to meet its needs causing changes in residential space and environmental space. Characteristics of the condition of the Gang nibung settlement site, which is mainly surrounded by rivers, make the orientation of occupancy facing towards the river makes the space on the riverbank becomes used space for its people. This study uses field study methods in reviewing space adaptation activities in riverside villages. This research uses field study methods in reviewing space adaptation activities in the riverside village environment. The results showed that the adaptability pattern of space is influenced by the pattern of the type of clarity of the activity that is accommodated, the pattern of openness of the design of a space, and the pattern of the relationship of space with the surrounding environment.

PALETASAN SEBAGAI CERMINAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT HINDU BALI AGA DI KABUPATEN BANGLI

PALETASAN SEBAGAI CERMINAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT HINDU BALI AGA DI KABUPATEN BANGLI

Analiz zastroiki s. Yar Tomskogo raiona Tomskoi oblasti (po rezul''tatam naturnogo obsledovaniya) [Housing analysis of the village Yar of the Tomsk region

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the historical development of the village Yar of the Tomsk. The analysis is based on field research carried out in June–July 2021. The village Yar (Yarskoye) was founded in 1648 and included in the main events of the country. According to Ashchepkov, the village is characterized by wooden architecture common to West Siberia. The history and preserved architectural elements together with the natural landscape provide an opportunity of is development as a historical settlement of the regional significance. Purpose: A study of the historical housing of the village Yar in the conditions of its disappearance due to the short lifetime of the wood, the main building material, changing social legitimacy and functional use of households. Design/methodology: The architectural measurement technique allowing to identify the architectural parameters of buildings along with a detailed recording of their linear dimensions. In situ measurements, including sketches and photographs, office data treatment, and graphic representation of mansion houses, facades. The housing analysis based on the obtained data; critical analysis, systems structural analysis, and creative synthesis in making implications. Originality/value: The field research of the village Yar, which creates the basis for further research on small settlements. Historical and cultural plan, photographs, architectural measurements, graphics are presented for the current state of the Yar village housing. Practical implications: The results obtained can be used in the lecture preparation, reports and communication on the history of the Siberian architecture.