Village Foundation Research Articles

Деревенские святыни: обетные кресты Мезени

Wooden architecture is a special, independent direction of The Russian traditional construction. Its unique quality and diversity are represented in Russia, which has always been a “forest, taiga” country. This truly is a national architecture, that had absorbed the mythopoetic and Christian worldview of the people. The history of Russian wooden architecture is largely the history of wooden architecture in the Russian North. The subject of this study is the peasant rural sacral objects: votive crosses of the Mezen`, one of the most severe regions of the Russian North. The author relies on several sources: field materials (architectural-ethnographic expeditions), with measurements, photographic recording, and the preparation of scientific passports. As well as work with informants: collecting local narratives and legends related to the history of specific crosses, the experience of practical museumification and setting up the votive cross and the village foundation pillar in the Mezen` sector of the Museum “Malye Korely”. The paper analyzes crosses as historical, ethnographic, stavrographic sources, works of wooden architecture and woodcarving, Pomors pilot signs. The aim of the study is to determine the meaning of the cross as one of the main symbols of the Orthodoxy in the cultural landscape of the Northern and Arctic territories.

Analysis of Education Policies in Countering Radicalism: Implementation and Externalization of Islamic Religious Education Values in Shaping Character


 
 
 Radicalization is one of the dangerous effects of globalization. The development of positive character in adolescents is necessary to combat radicalism. The values of Islamic religious education can be internalized and externalized through learning activities both inside and outside the classroom. The aim of this research is to examine how the internalization and externalization of Islamic religious education values influence students' character in combating radicalism. With the population of all high school students from the Islamic Village Foundation in Tangerang, this research adopts a quantitative method, using a proportional random sample of 350 students. After collecting the data, analysis is conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS). The research results indicate that the internalization and externalization of Islamic religious education values have an influence on students' character and can counteract radicalism.
 
 

SISTEM MANAJEMEN KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI PADA GERAKAN KAMPUNG AL QUR’AN

Implementation in mobilizing students in the field of da'wah in Indonesia is very diverse. As implemented by the Al-Qur'an Village Movement which promotes the Al-Qur'an to remote villages in Indonesia. This activity involves active students who memorize the Qur'an as preachers and da'iyah who are sent to villages to teach the Qur'an by inviting children and the community to join in reciting the Koran. The Al Qur'an Village Movement is under the auspices of the Al Qur'an Village Foundation in broadcasting and preaching bil qur'an. This study examines the organizational communication management system in the Al Qur'an Village Movement. So the purpose of this study is to find out the management system for the Al-Qur'an Kampung Movement by using a qualitative approach to Rensis Likert theory with the results of the study that the organizational communication management system for the Al-Qur'an Kampung Movement uses a consultative scheme by embracing friends who are responsible for performance. So the Al Qur'an Village Movement is able to run this system well

A Foster Mother Can be a “Biological Mother” in Raising Neglected Children by Applying Family Based-Care in Yayasan SOS Children’s Village, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the family-based care model at the Yayasan SOS Children's Village, Indonesia. SOS Children's Village is a non-governmental organization engaged in family-based care for those who have lost the love and care of their nuclear family. This study uses a descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach by interviewing six foster mothers and other 36 respondents who live in the SOS Children's Village. The results of this study indicate that the family-based care model is considered very appropriate to be applied to neglected children. Foster mothers are women who replace the role of biological parents in providing family function. The SOS family is formed without any blood ties. The relationship between foster mothers and children is very intimate as if they were biological families. Sociologically, the function of the family is carried out well in this foundation, although this function is only received by children from a foster mother and the foundation. This paper concludes that the family-based care implemented by the SOS Children Village Foundation is very good in educating neglected children so that they can shape the character of children who are religious, polite, and independent.

Helynévtörténeti adalékok Bihar vármegye korai településtörténetéhez

Insights from Historical Toponomastics into the Early Settlement History of Bihar County The historical Bihar County was one of the largest administrative units of the Kingdom of Hungary that played a key role in the life of the eastern region from the beginning. The conclusions of historians regarding the settlement date of its territory are only theoretical suppositions based on the projection of subsequent natural circumstances and ethnic features to an earlier time and they lack real historical or archeological evidence. With the help of settlement name data, linguists may draw more certain conclusions regarding the chronological features of the settlement of the county. Based on the toponyms preserved in sources, we may examine the productive period of particular settlement name types. Although the documentation of names is contingent, this affects all names and thus all name types the same way. Therefore, even if the absolute chronology (date of creation) of particular names is not revealed, the relative chronology of different name types (i.e., relative to one another) may be well indicated also by the first name occurrences of the settlements in the case of a larger quantity of names. The chronological curve of a name type may undoubtedly indicate the changes in the frequency of name specimen belonging to the type only with a temporal delay (and what is more, we cannot even explore the parameters of the delay), however, we have no other tool with which we could examine and model the internal chrono¬logical movements of the name system. The first part of the paper introduces how this method works using the type of settlement names with an ethnonym origin. Geographically and in the daily life of people living in Bihar County, the Sebes-Körös river had an outstanding role. The second part of the paper analyzes the settlement name corpus of the river valley from the Old Hungarian Era. In consideration of the etymological, spatial and chronological attributes of the de¬nominations and using the toolbox of toponym reconstruction, it reveals the varied features of the name patterns of the areas along the Sebes-Körös. The basis of the study is provided by four areas distinguished based on the natural and topog¬raphical features along the river: the lower and upper sections of the Sebes-Körös and the right, i.e., northern, and left, i.e., southern regions of the two sections. The paper introduces the chronological distribution of settlement names in the region. The region-specific differences identified in the toponymic system of particular regions are referred to as name patterns. Of the numerous attributes defining the differing name patterns of the four regions along the Sebes-Körös, the paper introduces the differences in the structural features of the settlement names as linguistic attributes primarily defining the names. The results of the onomatosystematical studies regarding the toponymic system of the Sebes-Körös region provide the following three important conclusions regarding settlement history: 1. Hungarians settling in the area could encounter people speaking another language (Slavic) only in traces. Other foreign people did not settle here in larger numbers in later times either. 2. The characteristics of the name system indicate that in the lower section (despite its marshy, swampy features) settlements of Hungarians could be created earlier. 3. The growth rate and onomatosystematical features of the name corpus indicate that there could also be a second, stronger village foundation wave in the settlement process of the area to the south of the river.

Social structuration in medieval rural society based on stable isotope analysis of dietary habits and mobility patterns: San Juan de Momoitio (Biscay, north Iberian Peninsula)

A total of 93 individuals, of which 34 were infants, from San Juan de Momoitio graveyard (9th to 12th centuries) were analyzed to explore social changes in a peasant community in the northern Iberian Peninsula within the historical evolution of the Middle Ages. The study consisted of human palaeodiet characterization and mobility patterns based on δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses. Carbon and nitrogen values showed a staple diet derived from husbandry based on the consumption of animal protein (pig, poultry and sheep/goat) and cereals (millet and wheat). The increase in the consumption of millet rather than wheat during the High Middle Ages is noteworthy. The change in dietary pattern coincided with the transformation of the landscape from dispersed farmsteads to the foundation of a village, leading to landscape reorganization. This new situation resulted in the gradual abandonment of San Juan de Momoitio church and the graveyard. Oxygen and strontium isotopes show that most individuals were of local origin except for only two individuals. Strontium isotopes also recorded the population distribution after the village foundation and the subsequent landscape arrangement, reflecting the relative movement of individuals towards higher hillsides. Additionally, the oxygen isotopes of teeth recorded climate changes throughout the time of the settlement, suggesting variation from warmer climate conditions during the first occupation period towards colder climate conditions in the last period. Nitrogen and oxygen isotope composition also contributed to a better understanding of breastfeeding and weaning practices affecting infant peasants in the Middle Ages.

Über eine Gruppe hochmittelalterlicher Prunksporen im Südwesten der Ostsee

A small group of richly decorated spurs has been known for a long time for their characteristic non-ferrous metal covering as well as massive bronze or brass thorn points. Most of them have been found in in the states of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. They are so similar that they could have been manufactured, if not in the same workshop, at least in the same region. The embossed metal sheath, reminiscent of the Late Slavic technology of sheath fittings, could indicate a the Slavic craft tradition. The latest find from a deserted village of Kastaven near Sähle, Oberhavel district in northern Brandenburg, sheds new light on this group of objects. The Kastaven spur has been found in the central area of the settlement which existed between the early 13th and the 15th centuries, in the vicinity of ruins of a church or a churchyard. The spur was probably lost at the village foundation phase, in the early 13th century. This context is of importance to the disputed chronology of the entire spur group, dated back to the late 12th and the early 13th centuries. The finds in Hamburg, Holstein, Eastern Mecklenburg and Northern Brandenburg indicate contacts between the élites in the southwest of the Baltic, related to migrations of petty nobility within the German Eastern Settlement or a communication network of the Slavic Leaders in the Abodrite/Mecklenburg cultural area.

Социально-исторический облик дворцового села Рассказово Тамбовского уезда при миграционных процессах в крестьянской среде в конце XVII – начале XVIII века

The relevance of the research topic is due to the determining influence of social class appearance, the occupation and the previous geographical place of migrants’ residence on the further social and economic development of the populating region. On the example of the largest rural settlement of Tambov Governorate – Rasskazovo village – we show the features of state peas-ants migrations to the region of traditional agriculture (Central Black Earth Region) on the microhistorical level during the foundation and settlement by them the separate settlement in Zalesskiy stan of Tambov County in the late 17th – early 18th century. During the study we define the date and geographical location of the Rasskazovo village foundation – Lesnoy Tambov. We give brief information about the biography of its founder beekeeper S.A. Rasskaz – Vodyanov. We describe the nearest surroundings of the village with the indication of smallholders and the names of their owners. We analyze the course of home settlement of the village in the first years of its existence with the usage of data of census lists, census books and household censuses. We determine the range of settlement from which palace peasants moved to a new place of residence. We try to determine the class structure of the villagers in the first half of the 18th century. We also trace the demographic growth of the village in the period 1697–1744. We reveal a number of features of the primary (to the village) and secondary (to new places of residence) migrations of the first Rasskazovo settlers.

Comparison of Four Patterns of Management of Coastal Tourism Destinations in Bali-Indonesia

Utilization of coastal in Bali tourism destination by investor is to build of hotel, bar and restaurant, and to develop beach tourism attractions, and so location of tourists expose to the sun known with term 3S is Sea, Sand, Sun. There are four patterns of management of coastal tourism destinatyion in Bali, nemaly, (1) Pattern of management by village tradition; (2) Pattern of management by village foundation; (3) Pattern of management by government authority/agency; and (4) Natural development (without pattern of management). The pattern of management by village tradition was applied in Kuta beach and Jimbaran beach in Badung regency. The pattern of management by village foundation was applied to manage of Sanur beach in Denpasar city. The pattern of management by government authority/agency was used to manage of Nusa Dua beach and surrounding in Badung regency. Meanwhile, natural development (without pattern of management) was used in many beaches in Bali, like Nusa Lembongan island beach in Klungkung regency. Two management patterns - management by village tradition and management by village foundation initiatives by local community and its developing, local community livelihood in all long of beach very depending on tourism. While, management by authority agency initiatives are mainly applied by the central government in Jakarta. Coastal tourism managed through the three kinds of management approaches are generally good, particularly on environmental security, tourists safety, maintaining clean environment which are made possible through mobilization of task forces. On the other hand, coastal areas without planned tourism management, generally suffers from several problems. Hence the development of sustainable coastal tourism should be managed by one of institution which may be that of a local community or a governmental authority/agency

ESTRATEGIAS DE ADAPTACIÓN Y MEDIOS DE VIDA DE LAS FAMILIAS INTEGRANTES DE LA FUNDACIÓN CONSEJO VEREDAL –FCV–, MUNICIPIO DE CALARCÁ, QUINDÍO

This article presents the structure of living strategies of the rural organization Village Foundation Council located in the Travesias village, municipality of Calarca, where a study with nine families beneficiary of the process of the agrarian reformation Law 160 of 1994 took place which had as objective the identification of living strategies of the homes and the restrictions which inhibit the success of these strategies. The study was carried out through the characterization of the production systems and the identification of livelihood families display for their survival. The DFID -Department for International Development- Livehood Focus methodology was used to value the human, social, natural, physical and financial capitals by means of the measurement of 17 indicators belonging to five capitals. The results of the study allowed the identification of the ways of livelihood used by this community to adapt to the new dynamics generated by the effects of globalization in the rural sector in peasant economy and particularly because of the coffee growers crisis. It was possible to achieve the identification of strategies that the families implement in order to generate income and better living conditions as well as the interactions that exist between these and social phenomena such as poverty, origin and distribution of incomes, policies for diversification, diversification vs. agriculture, social organization, education and access to markets. The results of the study, shows that the capitals with higher evaluation were the social with a 4.16 average and Physical with a 4.04. average The capitals with lower evaluation were the Social with a 3.09 average and the financial with a 3.29 average. The natural capital is located in a middle range with 3.56.

Medieval landscapes in the Spanish Central System (450–1350): a palaeoenvironmental and historical perspective

This paper presents a long-term synthetic overview of the socio-ecological dynamics responsible for the shaping of present-day rural landscapes in the Spanish Central System. Available historical and palaeoenvironmental records have been compiled and cross-referenced to characterise key transformations unfolding in this mountainous macro-region during the medieval time span. A sharp deforestation of upland pines and midland oaks was due to extensive Late Antique strategies. Pre-tenth-century trajectories are diverse and exhibit the recovery of high-mountain pine forests and highly localised agro-pastoral impact on selective mid-altitude niches. The eleventh-century early repopulation policy implied migrations, increased momentum of rural village foundation and extension of colonised agrarian landscapes in the tablelands of the Extremadurii. The pace and intensity of these phenomena depended on ecological and historical circumstances, leading to subsequently different realities. By the mid-thirteenth century the definitive pacification and the rising demographic trend facilitated the later permanent occupation and the ensuing integral and sustainable exploitation of the highlands – and especially the Transierra – within the feudal system. High-altitude landscapes exhibit intensive forest clearances due to transterminant livestock movements and the benefit of seasonal resources, whereas low-altitude settings specialised in arboriculture and diversified crops to supply urban markets.

History - Jan Vansina. How Societies Are Born: Governance in West Central Africa before 1600. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004. xiv + 325 pp. Maps. Tables. Figure. Notes. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. $45.00. Cloth.

History - Jan Vansina. How Societies Are Born: Governance in West Central Africa before 1600. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004. xiv + 325 pp. Maps. Tables. Figure. Notes. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. $45.00. Cloth. - Volume 49 Issue 1

The nature and extent of urban and village foundation and improvement in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Ireland

Conventionally, Irish historians have assumed that the widespread urban and village foundation and improvement that occurred in Ireland between circa 1700 and 1845 came about largely as the result of the direct intervention of members of the landowning minority. These people are held to have engaged in the extension or reconstruction of settlement as a means of exerting control over exchange and marketing or of asserting their social status through patterns of conspicuous consumption. This paper argues that while this sort of direct involvement by landowners was important in some cases, their involvement in urban modernization in Ireland was much more likely to be indirect. Commonly, it was limited to the construction of new markets and other public utilities and to the provision of building leases. These encouraged a wide spectrum of other social groups to participate in the process of reconstruction. The identity of these other participants is explored and a typology of urban and village foundation and ...

CHOROGRAPHICAL STUDIES IN JAPAN: TRADITION AND ITS BACKGROUND OF THOUGHTS

The author discusses four essential and representative chorographical works in Japan, from the remote ancient to the beginning of the modern geography of Japan, i.e., before the foundation of our Association after World War I, from the viewpoints of their editors' consciousness according to the status of compilation. I. Fudoki Japanese geography originates from Fudoki written in the eighth century. These oldest books edited by the governmental orders are regional description of each province of that age and only five of them have been brought down to the present. Kojiki and Taiho-ritsuryo, the oldest history and code of Japan respectively, were compiled at the same period when Japan was emerging from a diversified to a unified entity, meaning the transformation from the ancient tribal states to the systematized unity under the Imperial (Tenno) Household of the date. Those Japanese geographies and histories were written or compiled by the political or administrative purposes, to raise or to be awakened national consciousness. II, ashi More than a dozen books of travel or travel sketches of certain parts of the country have existed from the tenth century to the sixteenth. However, there were not any books that could be called regional geography in the present sense. While under the Tokugawa Shogunate regime, numerous regional geography by province of the feudal lords were compiled and published. Not less than fifty territorial geography books were compiled until the end of the Shogunate regime. The purpose of the compilation was the same as that of Fudoki, that is to say, those feudal lords aimed to show their territorial consciousness to the people and to boast their cultural level to the surrounding A territories. III. Kkoku-Chishi Immediately after the Meiji Restoration, Meiki Tsukamoto (1833-1885) presented his view to the government to compile ‘Regional Geography of the Empire’ (Kokoku-Chishi) on the occasion of the establishment of the new Central Government, and the petition was accepted, issueing proclamations to urge the prefectures to search for books and maps relating the description of their districts. It was soon followed by the Government proclamation (No. 97 of 1875) setting forth the details regarding the proposed geography of Japan. It showed the way in which book was to be written for example, 47 items for the description of villages and 37 items for that of districts. These directions being given, compilers were appointed from among the scholars in each prefecture, whereupon these officials submitted their prospectuses of compilation. Items to be described were shown in detail Those for villages were as follows: Date of village foundation, History of rulers or jurisdiction, Territorial area, Landforms, Nature of soils, Taxed land area (cultivated land area), Taxes and other public charges, Numbers of houses and inhabitants, Cattles, Vehicles, Mountains, Rivers, Roads, Ports, Temples and Shrines, Schools, Hospitals, Post offices, Silk reeling mills, Factories, Agricultural production, Occupation of both sexes. These very descriptive and detailed data were requested to investigated, and describe for villages and districts of the prefectures, numbering nearly one hundred thousand in all. Works of compilation were coming in from each prefecture, but very slowly and many of them were not completed until as late as 1883. After a fractional number of villages and districts completed their description by the prefectural officials, the Bureau of Geography, Ministry of Home Affairs, decided to discharge of their compiling tasks of prefecture in 1885. The Bureau set its own staff to work with the materials collected and manuscripted by the local scholars. Firstly, the Geography of Awa Province (now, the southern part of Chiba Prefecture) was edited in 3 volumes (554 pages) by the Bureau staff in 1886.