Educational Point Of View Research Articles

Integration of the Child Policy Based on the Rights of the Child: From the Viewpoints of Education and Learning

Integration of the Child Policy Based on the Rights of the Child: From the Viewpoints of Education and Learning

주자(朱子)의 경(敬)에 관한 교육적 분석

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the ‘reverence’ of Chu Hsi is only ‘learning method’, ‘the process of learning’, ‘the process of learning’ is a ‘learning method’. According to the context, ‘reverence’ is classified as follows from an educational point of view. First, ‘to seek for the lost mind’, ‘concentration of one's attention on a thing in order for desires not to confuse one's mind’, ‘solemn mind and calm oneself in daily life’, ‘awakening mind’ is ‘reverence’. And ‘reverence’ is ‘learning method’. Second, depending on the context, ‘reverence’ corresponds to ‘the process of learning’ with the reverence ‘learning method’ as the basic elements. In ‘the process of Lesser Learning’, learners learn by imitation of virtue as a reverence ‘learning method’. And in ‘the Great Learning process’, learning is accomplished by doing what one knows the principle of the mind with the ‘learning method’ that is always awake. As described above, depending on the context, the ‘reverence’ of Chu Hsi may refer to the ‘learning method’ and ‘the process of learning’ composed of the ‘learning method’ elements, the reader must grasp it analytically to be able to fully apply it in practice.

Preliminary results of the first Spanish virtual body donation program. Usefulness in Anatomy, Morphological Sciences, and healthcare implications

The donation of human bodies for medical education purposes currently faces a shortage that could, in some way, limit the practical teaching of anatomy, aggravated in pandemic times. Medical diagnosis has undergone a revolution due to the so-called “imaging techniques”, which obtain digital files containing, totally or partially, a virtual copy of the body. This enables a new type of donation that has been termed, in recent publications, “virtual body donation”. According to this, a virtual body donation program, has been implemented, including a repository of digital samples, generated from image scans, provided by patients. This article presents the program casuistry, analyzes the usefulness of this type of material, both from the educational and healthcare care points of view, and deals with some difficulties or problems in the constitution and management of these programs, as well as the solutions that could be implemented. The program promotes an innovative form of teaching anatomy and related sciences (pathology, anthropology, and others). It also has advantages for the training of professionals in virtual dissection techniques and virtopsy. In addition, its usefulness in research appears to be unlimited in anatomy, anthropology, and other disciplines. Virtual models, generated by these programs and organized as “object’s repositories”, extend their usefulness timelessly and they can be indefinitely studied. The need to expand these virtual donations to a multicenter and cooperative implementation is emphasized, with the purpose of creating extensive digital object’s repositories and including as many specimens as possible, both normal and pathological.

Causes of the Rise and Flourishing of Civilizations

A cursory glance at human history makes it very clear that civilizations are born as human beings, reach maturity and growth, and collapse and die due to more internal causes. The death of civilizations is something that history has talked about a lot and it is called forgotten civilizations. In the science of history and more in the philosophy of history, the issue of how the causes and factors of the emergence, flourishing and destruction of civilizations are mentioned and history analysts study these causes and factors. According to them, the mentioned causes and factors are natural and in the field of events related to natural and human laws. But in intra-religious analysis, looking at causes and factors is done from another angle; The Qur'an, with the aim of guiding human beings, looks at events from an educational point of view. On this basis, each of the events is closely related to the issues of punishment and encouragement of human beings and finds meaning and meaning with monotheism and its belongings. Although it is necessary to look at the events and their causes from the perspective of philosophy of history and natural traditions and laws, but these traditions are closely related to human actions and behavior. In a comprehensive analysis, although earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters are related to natural laws, but human actions are effective in its creation and emergence, and these actions can have a positive and negative impact on natural laws and nature. Hence, human behavior and actions can cause the rise and fall of civilizations in a serious way. In intra-religious analysis, God has a permanent presence as the source of all events, and human behavior causes changes in natural causes and factors. Therefore, the issue of the emergence, flourishing and destruction of civilizations from this perspective needs to be analyzed, which will be addressed in this article.

Exploration for Educational Application of Metaverse: Focusing on Implication for Use in English Education

Purpose: As the non-face-to-face situation triggered by COVID-19 continues for a long time, the desire to experience a sense of reality and realism even through an online virtual environment is increasing, and the metaverse is emerging as an alternative in the field of education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of metaverse, which has become a hot topic in recent years, from an educational point of view and to suggest the possibility of its application in English education. Method: The social and cultural paradigm of the 4th industrial revolution has brought many changes to the education field and is now expanding into a new area with the metaverse. In this study, what kinds of studies and use cases are related to the recent metaverse in Korea, and what are the types and characteristics of the metaverse that are mainly used. In addition, I would like to examine the characteristics that appear in the application process of educational activities using the metaverse reported in this study, how these characteristics can be grafted into English and teaching and learning activities, and what advantages there can be. Results: As a result of analyzing this from the educational aspect, positive factors of metaverse such as an increase in the educational presence and class participation, alleviation of anxiety, immersive learning, and interest and motivation were selected, focusing on the implications for use in English education. It showed potential for use as a tool. As such, it is judged that the metaverse can play an important role at the center of the future English education that is rapidly changing due to the non-face-to-face situation and the 4th industrial revolution technology. Conclusion: The metaverse can overcome the sense of physical distance, and if the existing metaverse platform is used to the maximum to configure a space suitable for the purpose of learning and provide content, a qualita-tive teaching and learning space can be provided. In the future, based on this study, we expect various types of empirical research to examine the effectiveness by selecting a metaverse platform suitable for the purpose and target of English class and designing an actual class space.

Attitudes toward Transsexuality, Empathy, and Bullying in Young Population

Affective-sexual and gender diversity is an increasingly distinctive and extended reality and should be acknowledged and respected. From a psychosocial and educational point of view, it is appropriate to review young people’s attitudes and knowledge regarding this, relating them to aspects such as empathy, violence, or bullying, to implement quality education in the early stages of primary education. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between empathy levels, attitudes toward transsexuality, and bullying among Spanish university students. The sample consisted of 247 students. Instruments were administered to evaluate negative attitudes toward transsexual people, gender ideology, transphobia, bullying, and empathy. Inverse relationships were found between transphobia and empathy. Regression analysis demonstrated the predictive ability of empathy on attitudes toward transsexual people. The results of this study are expected to increase awareness in society and encourage appropriate, satisfactory, or tolerable coexistence, in which all individuals can be free to live and express themselves. While the results indicated that the quality of life of transgender people has comparatively improved, there is still a long way to go.

Autistic traits in southern Brazilian college students: tracking road autism phenotype in the academia / Traços autisticos em estudantes do colégio do sul do Brasil: rastreamento do fenótipo do autismo amplo na academia

Introduction: Autism is considered a clinical condition distinct from the general population, while autistic traits may be continuously distributed across the population and referred to as "broader autism phenotype (BAP)." Few studies currently address autistic traits in the general population, and little is known about the relationship between the psychiatric condition and the BAP. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of autistic traits in a sample of undergraduate students. Methods: An online survey was applied containing sociodemographic questions and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), a widely used scale to quantify autistic traits in the general population. The AQ has 50 items, divided into five subscales consisting of 10 items each that assess domains of cognitive strengths and difficulties related to ASD. Results: A total of 1.167 students answered the questionnaire, with a female predominance (70%). The most representative higher educational areas were the Health Sciences (54%), followed by Engineering (12.3%). A total of 44 participants (3.8%) reached the AQ cut-off of 32+ points, indicating the presence of autistic traits, 25 (54.3%) female, and 21 (45.6%) male students. The higher academic areas with the highest frequency of autistic traits were linguistics, letters, and arts (12.5%), followed by engineering (6.9%). Conclusion: Musicians, scientists, and mathematicians have higher AQ scores than students from different areas. The investigation of autistic traits in the general population might help understand the autism spectrum itself and discuss autism from an educational viewpoint.

Geography Education in a Collaborative Virtual Environment: A Qualitative Study on Geography Teachers

The presented study aspires to utilize the gradually validated immense potential of collaborative immersive virtual environments (CIVEs) in higher education when designing and conducting geography lessons. These particular lessons focused on hypsography. A Research through Design approach and relevant qualitative methodology were used as we engaged two groups of domain experts (experienced geography teachers) to validate both the learning scenarios and the virtual environment we used. The lessons were administered via eDIVE—a novel platform for collaborative learning and teaching in virtual reality of our own design. The teachers underwent a hypsography virtual lesson and were randomly divided into two groups to be compared, which differed in the level of structure given to the lesson (one group received detailed instructions on what task they were to solve, while the other was given a free hand in exploring the environment and activities it afforded). The teachers’ experiences were then summarized in a post-lesson reflection and a subsequent focus group following the tasks. The participants’ expertise allowed insights to be gained into their first-hand experience as students, as well as their expert view of the lesson from an educational point of view. Virtual reality’s implementation into teaching practice was the key topic of the discussion.

Biodesign program introduction in Japan: promotion of entrepreneurship and viewpoints of education on medical technology innovation

The Stanford Biodesign program was first introduced in Japan in 2015 at three national universities to develop medical technology innovation and its talent. This study aimed to (1) show the outcomes of leadership talent development, (2) indicate the educational results of the program, and (3) objectively analyze the ways in which the program executed in Japan, effectively promoted entrepreneurship orientation and the origination of new businesses. The latter is especially relevant as Japan has low entrepreneurial awareness and new business entry rates compared to the United States and Europe. Herein, fellows were subjected to questionnaires, interviews, and a survey based on academic papers, extant literature, and treatises issued by the Nihon Biodesign Gakkai (Academic Society of Japan Biodesign). Overall program performance showed notable results, despite indicating a need to improve business-related programs and team learning which is greatly influenced by Japanese culture. An externship program, planned and developed in Japan, was most inspiring and served to expose participants to role models. Comparing Japan Biodesign education elements to factors of general entrepreneurship promotion in Japan, sampled and organized from relevant White Papers, proved its educational effectiveness in entrepreneurship promotion from an objective viewpoint. Within the 4-year timeframe, the results indicated that leadership talent was indeed developed. Medical device innovation should progress through the stages of establishing new ventures, followed by contriving medical devices with novel, impactful value. This study revealed that Japan Biodesign education provides a platform for achieving these goals, despite the challenging Japanese new business environment.

Agro-Environmental Education in the Pedagogical School

Agri-environmental education is one approach to achieving sustainable development. Agri-environmental activities are designed at the national, regional or local level, so that they can be adapted to different farming systems and environmental conditions. From an educational and training point of view, this approach is used in pedagogical school as an environmental education tool. The aim of this paper is to systematize the theoretical foundations of agro-environmental education in the pedagogical school and to contribute to the comprehensive education of students. The theoretical systematization of the foundations of agro-environmental education in pedagogical school and its importance is presented as a result. Systematization, document analysis, and literature review were used, which made it possible to consult theses. The theoretical systematization carried out constitutes the basis for the argumentation of the different positions in relation to agro-environmental policies, environmental problems and the need for environmental education, as well as the contents that should be addressed in this sense in the preparation of teachers and students as centers for the implementation of agro-environmental activities.

Socio-philosophical cognition of the phenomenon of uncertainty and forecasting in education

The principle of uncertainty operates in the perspective of discussing the modern Russian education modernization, it arises in the circumstances of unclear public priorities, goals, values. At the educational practice viewpoint, the holistic methodology absence for the philosophical understanding of certainty and uncertainty of ontological, epistemological, epistemological, axiological research programs, is reflected in both satisfying human cognitive needs and forecasting in education. Developing a methodological formalization of concepts «certainty», «uncertainty», «ontological uncertainty» (non-articulation of properties and behavior of the system or its individual element), «epistemological uncertainty» (in techniques of cognition, forming a worldview, implementing innovations, as well as interpreting the quality of education from the standpoint market laws), «epistemological uncertainty» (parametric, random, ambiguous and uncertainty of interaction) are associated with a critical discussion of the essential signs of uncertainty in society and education, which are becoming the research subject of the education philosophy. A survey of philosophers’ opinions regarding the education models of the future pointed to the critically-oriented nature of already existing prototypes and the development of their scenarios. The need to determine the theoretical status of «uncertainty in education» is closely related to understanding a person's place in the world, agreeing in the public consciousness of a consistent understanding of the axiological categories: «value of education» and «education as a value» and their new interpretation based on the articulation of «axiological certainty» as new ecosystems of values and principles of their functioning in the education of the future. Understanding the changes in the ontological, epistemological and axiological foundations of Russian education is private explications of socio-philosophical subjectivism to a certain extent. Modern concepts discussing the axiological reversal in educational practices concentrate around the problem of axiological certainty, namely: the preservation of civilization and the hierarchical nature of educational goals and values as an important component of effective education management.

Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy findings in patients who had an acute stroke

ObjectivesAccording to international observations, the incidence of clinical autopsies is declining worldwide, plummeting below 5% in the USA and many European countries. It is an unfavourable trend as, in 7%–12%...

Hunger, Obesity, Public Policies, and Food-Based Dietary Guidelines: A Reflection Considering the Socio-Environmental World Context.

Nowadays, the world has been characterized by hunger, obesity, and food loss and waste (FLW). With the COVID-19 pandemic, the food issue became more intense, serious, and evident. Hunger demands urgent actions. Obesity levels have been raised and are removing health and quality of life from the population. Production planting practices and the food supply chain are not necessarily ecologically friendly. Sustainability issues greatly intensify social problems. As well as food loss (FL), food waste (FW), and sustainability concerns, obesity, and malnutrition are enhanced due to the lack of knowledge by the population. Processed food (PF), packaging, and additives, despite still needing improvement, are essential to food security control. Nowadays, hunger is not due to insufficient agricultural practices but rather to inequality and absence of adequate public policies. In the context of a certain abundance of food production and processing, the hunger scenario in contrast to FLW is an ethical, social, moral, and sustainable issue. In this context, a Food-Based Dietary Guideline (FBDG) can be an important public policy tool from the health, nutrition, environmental, and educational points of view. Despite the effort, the literature shows that FBDGs can be better used to fulfill healthiness and sustainability purposes. In this scenario, the elaboration/revision of the FBDG, adopting a clearer, simpler, and a better-suited communication strategy is essential. In this way, this article discusses the importance of the FBDG as a public policy tool, not only regarding health issues but also communication strategies, production sustainability, and humanitarian ones, which are crucial to FBDG's efficiency.

Evaluation of the Levels of Evidence in Three Clinical Chapters in Five Editions of the Textbook Pathways of the Pulp.

The levels of evidence (LOE) of dental education texts is critical from the educational point of view. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of evidence of references used in three clinical chapters in the textbook Pathways of the Pulp. The references of three clinical chapters in the text book Pathways of the Pulp were assessed in five of its editions. The levels of evidence were ranked according to study type and the Oxford scale from 0 to 5. The chi-square test was used to compare the level of evidence between different editions of the "Retreatment," "Trauma," and "Surgery" chapters. A total of 3656 references were reviewed and analyzed from the "Trauma" (928 references), "Re-treatment" (1906 references), and "Surgery" (822 references) chapters in the 1998, 2002, 2006, 2011, and 2016 editions. The percentage of the LOE 0 (no evidence) was high (>60%) in all three chapters in all editions (P<0.001). The levels of evidence had the same distribution in all editions (P=0.871). The LOE of the "Re-treatment" (P=0.044) and "Surgery" (P<0.001) chapters changed in some editions. The majority of references in the three clinical chapters of the book are low-level evidence. Encouragement policies for researchers to conduct studies with high LOE are necessary.

Templates of Agency: Objects of a Social Design Program for Disadvantaged Girls

Compared to the aesthetic-and market-oriented mindset associated with mainstream design approaches, social design is traditionally considered to be a field that focuses more strongly on the human perspective and community-specific insight (Kimbell 2011; Manzini 2015). It is also a field that pays particular attention to the cultural and anthropological specificities of communities and takes these specificities into account throughout its processes of research and design. This paper presents a social design project, FRUSKA, and examines it from a semiotic and educational point of view. FRUSKA is a design program for disadvantaged girls aged 10–18, aiming at skill building, raising self-awareness and building agency, in order to advance the participants’ life prospects. In an attempt to understand the community better, several objects were designed by the author and her students, based on preliminary research and inquiries conducted with the target group. Building on the premises of social semiotics (Hodge and Kress 1988; van Leeuwen 2005), these objects were specifically designed for the participants to build and customise during co-creation workshops: the participants could disassemble and personalise these objects in a way that is closer to their own aesthetics, filling them up with meaning as a means to practice agency. The design process, its application during workshops and the feedback from participants are analysed through the lens of intersectional theory (Crenshaw 1989), in order to understand the effects of differences in class, age, ethnicity and identity. The author concludes by discussing whether design can be meaningfully used as a language through co-creation.

Co sprawia, że pytania badawcze mają charakter pedagogiczny? O uniwersum przedmiotowym pedagogiki przez pryzmat rozważań nad jej rozwojem

Is a question asked by an educational researcher an educational question? What makes the question relevant from the educational point of view? What is the significance of the way of thinking about the development of educational studies as a scientific discipline? The aim of the article is an attempt to formulate answers to these questions. They have been articulated in the context of reflection on the scope and content of the subject universe of educational studies. Distinguishing two basic ways of thinking about the development of this discipline – as an expansion and continuation – allows to bring out and highlight the differences in defining what is educational, and what has a reflection on the scope and content of research questions posed by educational researchers.

Current focuses of domestic and international literature of CSR-research

This paper focuses on the domestic and international state of CSR research. Using methodology of bibliometrics, we analysed online available CSR articles published in the last 5 years (between 2017 and 2021) by means of the well-known internet search engine, according to relevance for the first 100 results. The content analysis aspects of this article had been developed along the model of Cramer (2005), examining the presence of its 6 phases. We found that in the case of both domestic and international sources, there is a visible need to integrate CSR into business processes, while there is still strong emphasis on the communication aspects of CSR - even if we expected this approach to become already outdated. The relatively small number of case studies underline the opportunity of creation more case studies, compiled with scientific needs, which could be right direction from business and educational point of view, as well.

Educação interprofessional na formação em saúde no Brasil: scoping review

Abstract: Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) can be used to improve health care by promoting opportunities for students to develop competencies for teamwork, collaborative practice and comprehensive care. However, the effects of IPE implementation in the Brazilian context need to be explored. Objective: To map the Brazilian scientific production on the learning of students attending health courses in the context of IPE, challenges and advances for educators and management. Method: A scoping review was carried out to answer the following question: How does student learning occur in formative processes that use the IPE approach from the viewpoint of students, educators and managers? The search took place in the Web of Science databases, Capes, Scopus and Virtual Health Library, using the descriptor/keyword “interprofessional education.” Publications were searched from 2010 to 2020, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, of which Brazil was the country of publication or origin of the study. We identified 145 studies; 53 were duplicated, 92 were analyzed, and 28 comprised the final sample. The findings were organized into “IPE from the student’s perspective,”; “ IPE from the educators’ perspective,”; “Advances and challenges in teaching and health management,”; “Recommendations for IPE in the Brazilian context.” Results: The target audience involved students, residents, facilitators and health staff, totaling 2,886 participants. Learning according to the IPE allows the student to recognize the integrality of patient care and the SUS as the guide of health actions. The facilitator is relevant in developing collaborative work but has little pedagogical training, motivation, and institutional support. Management understands IPE as a complementary tool, supporting other Brazilian politician reforms, but efforts are needed to promote teaching-service-community integration and endorse the integrated curriculum. Conclusion: By mapping IPE, it was identified that the studies are aligned with the SUS to transform the training and qualification of care, demonstrating the potential of IPE for health curricula. Student learning, mediated by interprofessionality, has facilitated the development of the competencies required to meet the DCNs and the needs of the SUS, despite the various challenges faced by the students, educators and management.

Towards an optimal blended learning model during disrupted education periods

This paper studies the application of online and blended learning models in the Arab learning settings to compensate the closures of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) including colleges and universities worldwide following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The academic and educational institutions introduced online learning as an immediate alternative to complete academic semesters by offering courses via distance learning modes. However, the review of relevant literature, surveys, and studies showed that complete online learning does not bring the optimal results in the Arab learning settings at least. Surveys conducted in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and other contexts revealed that complete online learning proved insufficient from the viewpoint of students, parents, and educators. Blended Learning Models (BLMs) are presented as a midway between full face-to-face and online instruction modalities. This study examines the different types and models of blended learning and how it is perceived by students in the Arab learning contexts. This review aims to set the features of developing an optimal model of blended learning and how it can be presented in the Arab learning settings, given the nature of the Arab students who believe that the role of a more knowledgeable individual like an instructor is necessary to facilitate acquisition and construction of knowledge. This study provides insights and pedagogical implications into how to apply an effective blended learning model to reinforce knowledge construction during disrupted education periods.

A Proposal of Empathic Physical Skill Education Method

In the field of manufacturing in Japan, the training of skill successors is an urgent issue. Research and system development on skill transfer have been conducted so far, but most of them are related to skill measurement methods and proficiency analysis. This seems to be aimed at preserving and transmitting the current form of skills, and as a result, it takes time to acquire skills. Originally, skills should be acquired in order to produce new skills, and a method of teaching skills that produce high-value products is needed instead of focusing on imitation. Therefore, in this research, we propose a new educational method that reconstructs knowledge from the educational viewpoint of the target skill and promotes empathy between the skill expert and the learner.