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Component Restoration in the Unilateral Intermediate Cleft Lip Rhinoplasty: Technique and Outcomes

Abstract Background The intermediate cleft tip rhinoplasty is performed in childhood to address residual tip asymmetries during the most critical period of psycho- social development. The authors describe and evaluate long-term outcomes of that approach for the unilateral cleft lip and palate patient based on the concept of individual restoration of each abnormal anatomical component. Methods This was a prospective comparative study in which the technique results were compared to age-matched unilateral cleft lip and palate control patients (n = 20). A separate group of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who did not undergo intermediate cleft tip rhinoplasty were reviewed as control patients. Photographs of control patients were age-matched to each time point in the intermediate cleft tip rhinoplasty group. Technique of rhinoplasty was through an open approach. It was depending on restoration of the three main nasal cleft components; cartilage malposition, cartilage weakness and vestibular lining deficit. The authors here didn’t use cutaneous graft routinely to compensate the vestibular lining deficit. Instead, fine and complete dissection of the cleft side lower lateral cartilage from its vestibular lining before any cartilage repositioning. Standardized preoperative and postoperative basal view photographs were assessed at four time points: preoperatively (time 0), immediately postoperative (time 1), 3- 6 months (time 2), and more than 1 year postoperatively if available (time 3). Assessments of control and intermediate cleft tip rhinoplasty patients was carried out using four photo- morphometric relationships: Alar symmetry Nasal tip protrusion to alar base width, Cleft nostril dimensions, and Non-cleft nostril dimensions. Results Preoperative (time 0) baseline comparison between the study and the control groups showed significant differences regarding the nostril dimensions at the cleft side (P value 0.027) and alar symmetry (P value 0.000) denoting more severe deformity in the study group compared to the control group. At time 1, the study showed significant improvement regarding the alar symmetry (P value 0.000), and nasal tip protrusion (P value 0.004), while the changes regarding nostril dimension at the cleft side were non-significant (P value 0.057). At time 2, the study added significant improvement regarding the nostril dimensions at the cleft side (P value 0.049) that may reflect the importance of follow-up and using the nostril silicon retainer. At all times no significant changes regarding the nostril measures at non-cleft side were noticed. Conclusion The modified component restoration technique for the unilateral intermediate cleft lip rhinoplasty improves nasal relationships regarding alar symmetry, nostril dimensions at the cleft side, and nasal tip protrusion.

Tele-Orthodontics: A Lifesaver during COVID-19 Second Wave

Aim: The study aims to evaluate the outcome of orthodontic treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic using Tele-Orthodontics.  Objective: To explain how Tele-orthodontics represents an excellent way to perform orthodontic follow-ups during a period of restriction and to assess the effectiveness of follow-up using Tele-Orthodontics during the COVID-19 Pandemic.  Materials and Methods: Study design: Our study involves 30 patients in total, where 15 patients did not receive any further therapy and 15 patients had Tele-orthodontics treatment, with 10 patients receiving bonding treatment, 10 receiving mid- treatment treatment, and 10 receiving retention appliances. The communication tools used in our study and proposed in our model of tele-orthodontics include an online questionnaire using Google form once every 15 days, Tele-calling with Google Meet once a month, and frontal, side profile, and occlusal view (if possible) photos via WhatsApp messenger.  Results: Tele-orthodontics proved to be the only option to complete some orthodontic tasks during COVID-19 because it provided a means of communication between the dentist and the patient. Most of the patients who underwent bonding (66.7%), on retainer (96.7%), and during mid-treatment (93.3) maintained good oral hygiene during treatment. 93.3% of the patients’ appliances on retainer were holding tight in place with no discomfort and during the treatment, 70% of the patients were comfortable while speaking and 63.3% noticed changes in their appearance. Overall, Tele orthodontics was more time-saving and more desirable economically to both practitioners and patients.  Conclusion: Tele-Orthodontics is experiencing rapid growth and fierce competition. Most of the patients maintained good oral hygiene, and also had a positive perception of the use of Tele-Orthodontics.

Exploring the Spatially Heterogeneous Effects of Street-Level Perceived Qualities on Listed Real Estate Prices Using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Modeling

The listed price of real estate is a subjective reflection of its value by sellers, usually related to structural, neighborhood, and environmental attributes. Although previous studies have proposed the hedonic pricing model, factors related to perception are rarely seen in explanatory variables. This study aims to explore the impact of street-level perceived qualities on the listed price per square meter of plot set by the seller of the real estate using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)-based hedonic pricing model and analyzes the spatially heterogeneous effects of the coefficients. In the city of Eindhoven, the Netherlands, Google Street View photos collected at 200 m intervals were employed to calculate representative variables of perceptual quality via a validated convolutional neural network, alongside structural and neighborhood attributes. The final model includes eight explanatory variables, and the results indicate that, apart from the plot area and the number of rooms, the influencing mechanisms of other factors are different. The impact of perceived beautiful quality on listed real estate prices demonstrates obvious distinctions between the north and the south. Perceived livability (positive) and depressing (negative) qualities show similar heterogeneous characteristics. This study offers a comprehensive approach to promote diverse strategies for real estate development across urban areas and recommends a heightened emphasis on the design quality of residential streets.

Social Media and Fashion Consumption: Examining the Role of Instagram on Pakistani Consumers' Buying Decisions

The rise of social media channels has been evident in this new age. Various social media channels are utilised where the consumers interact with one another. One of the most prominent social media channels is Instagram. Instagram is a social media platform where users have access to share, view, and post photos, videos, and reels. Users also use Instagram for the buying and selling of the products. Businesses use this platform for selling of the products. One of the prominent examples is of the fashion brands who sell their products on their Instagram pages. However, limited research has been conducted from the perspective of fashion brands in Pakistan and the buying behaviour of the consumers. This research provides insights into how Instagram influences the buying behaviour of Pakistani consumers within the fashion industry of Pakistan. It examines the specific ways in which Instagram influences the buying behaviour of Pakistani consumers. It also determines the impact of Instagram activities on the perceptions of consumers and purchasing decisions. A quantitative methodological approach was used in the research in which data was collected from 50 respondents from Lahore, Pakistan. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were determined by using SPSS. The findings of the research suggested that there is a significant influence of Instagram on the buying behaviour of consumers. Limitations and recommendations are also highlighted within the research.

Comparing the efficacy of online vs. offline methods in modulating emotional responses through mental stress tasks

Emotion regulation and stress represent two complex, intertwined processes. Yet, there is a paucity of studies examining the effect of stress on emotional regulation among Vietnamese students, specifically the influence of online and offline experimental conditions. This study investigates these dynamics by subjective assessment of the emotional responses of the subjects participating in this study. The research was structured in three primary phases: preliminary, online (conducted via the Internet), and offline (conducted in person) experiments. The preliminary phase (N=16) aimed to validate the appropriateness of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) picture library and emotional stimulation videos from previous studies. Participants in the online (N=30) and offline (N=45) experiments were divided into control and stress groups, distinguished by the difficulty and urgency of the mental arithmetic task (MAT). Participants were then asked to view photos and videos and to rate their subjective feelings using the Self-assessment Manikin (SAM). The online experimental session revealed that subjects under acute stress exhibited heightened sensitivity, as indicated by increased valence scores in the positive and neutral groups, and decreased scores for negative imagery (Positive: MD=0.292, p=0.0113; Neutral: MD=0.245, p=0.001; Negative: MD=-0.435, p<0.0001). An increase in arousal scores in the stress group was also observed for positive (p<0.0001) and neutral sets (p<0.0001). However, these findings were not replicated in the offline experiment session. In conclusion, the IAPS pictures have proven suitable for emotional studies among Vietnamese students.

Community Quality Evaluation for Socially Sustainable Regeneration: A Study Using Multi-Sourced Geospatial Data and AI-Based Image Semantic Segmentation

The Chinese urban regeneration movement underscores a “people-oriented” paradigm, aimed at addressing urban challenges stemming from rapid prior urbanization, while striving for high-quality and sustainable urban development. At the community level, fostering quality through a socially sustainable perspective (SSP) is a pivotal strategy for people-oriented urban regeneration. Nonetheless, explorations of community quality assessments grounded in an SSP have been notably scarce in recent scholarly discourse. This study pioneers a multidimensional quantitative model (MQM) for gauging community quality, leveraging diverse geospatial data sources from the SSP framework. The MQM introduces an evaluative framework with “Patency, Convenience, Comfort, and Safety” as primary indicators, integrating multi-sourced data encompassing the area of interest (AOI), Point of Interest (POI), Weibo check-ins, and Dianping data. The model’s efficacy is demonstrated through a case study in the Gusu district, Suzhou. Furthermore, semantic analysis of the Gusu district’s street view photos validates the MQM results. Our findings reveal the following: (1) AI-based semantic analysis accurately verifies the validity of MQM-generated community quality measurements, establishing its robust applicability with multi-sourced geospatial data; (2) the community quality distribution in Gusu district is notably correlated with the urban fabric, exhibiting lower quality within the ancient town area and higher quality outside it; and (3) communities of varying quality coexist spatially, with high- and low-quality communities overlapping in the same regions. This research pioneers a systematic, holistic methodology for quantitatively measuring community quality, laying the groundwork for informed urban regeneration policies, planning, and place making. The MQM, fortified by multi-sourced geospatial data and AI-based semantic analysis, offers a rigorous foundation for assessing community quality, thereby guiding socially sustainable regeneration initiatives and decision making at the community scale.

Do Anthropometric Measurements of The Orbital Region Differ Between Healthy Children and Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there may be differences in the measurements of the orbital region between healthy children and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, the orbital region measurements of 310 children, including 130 ADHD children and 180 healthy children aged 7 to 11 years, were analyzed. For this analysis, anterior view photographs of these individuals were used. For both sides, endocanthion (en), exocanthion (ex), and pupil (p) were determined in these photographs. A total of 5 distances (ex-ex, en-en, ex-en for the right side, ex-en for the left side and p-p) were analyzed using these points. In both sexes, no statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in all 6 parameters analyzed. Although it was concluded that there was no difference in orbital measurements between healthy children and children with ADHD in this study, it was thought that a definite conclusion could not be reached because the cases examined belonged to a single center. Therefore, it is thought that multicenter studies in which more individuals are evaluated are needed.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEREJA HKBP CENDANA NAULI RESORT TANJUNG MORAWA KOTA BERBASIS WEB

The increasingly advanced development of information technology can be utilized in almost every aspect of life. It is hoped that the very rapid progress of information technology can support the tasks of an organization so that the activities carried out can be well coordinated. This also had an impact on the church to introduce a web-based church information system to the church congregation. As the first indication that an information system can be built at the Huria Kristen Batak Protestant Church (HKBP) Cendana Nauli Resort Tanjung Morawa City, this information system will be used to facilitate the collection of congregation data and church information. Based on the problems above, an information system was built that can assist in web-based data collection on church congregations. Where the website can be accessed anywhere and at any time so it does not specify time and place limits. The information system that has been built uses the PHP language. This website also provides congregation services to view worship schedules, church profiles, and photo galleries of church activities, which can be accessed easily. By building this information system, it can help the congregation and leaders of the HKBP Cendana Nauli Resort Tanjung Morawa City parhalado more easily, quickly and efficiently in accessing church congregation data collection information and church information.

Statistical tool for the estimation of body weight of lactating cows from 2D photographs

Estimating the body weights of animals is an arduous task in livestock management. However, it is a vital tool in developing suitable breeding programmes,calculating the nutritional requirements, determining pharmaceutical doses of drugs and assessing feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality. In this study, we made an attempt to predict the bodyweights of lactating cows using images from various angles. Seventeen lactating cows from the University Livestock Farm and Fodder Research Station, Mannuthy, were selected randomly. Different body measurements of the animals were obtained manually and photographs of the lateral, rear, and dorsal views were taken using the demo version of the CAD-KAS measure-pictures 1.0 software. The surface area was estimated using the body length along the back on the midline from the withers to the croup and the maximum stomach width from the dorsal view photographs. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was used to predict the body weight of the animals. A regression equation fitted using the surface area and perpendicular length between the Tail Head above and the plane in level with the ventral line of the abdomen below yielded an R2 of 90.5 percent. This study suggests that models built using measurements retrieved from digital image analysis techniques can be used as a promising tool for predicting the body weight of animals. Keywords: Cattle, body weight, digital image analysis, multiple linear regression

Impact of Shade on Pedestrian Activities—A Mixed-Methods Research in the City of Colombo, Sri Lanka

This research delves into the influence of shade on pedestrian activities, employing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach along the primary thoroughfares of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Google Street View photographs served as the primary data source for this spatial analysis. Hotspot analysis and spatial autocorrelation were utilized to depict the spatial distribution of shade and establish its correlation with pedestrian activities. The spatial analysis results revealed a consistent pattern of shade concentration aligning with areas of heightened pedestrian activities. The findings hold significant implications for urban planning and design practitioners, as well as policymakers.

Rotation of a Part of the Composite Flap for Simultaneous Gonion Reduction and Malar Augmentation During Rhytidectomy in Asians.

The desired facial shape that Asians aim to achieve through plastic surgery differs from that of westerners. The author facilitates facial volume deflation by using the rotation of a part of the composite flap to the malar area resulting in volumetric augmentation during rhytidectomy; simultaneously, a volumetric reduction was implemented in the gonion. Extended deep plane rhytidectomy with the rotation of a part of the composite flap was performed in 49 patients, whereas extended deep plane rhytidectomy without the rotation of a part of the composite flap was performed in 20 patients. For the results, the satisfaction survey of the surgery was conducted in all patients and by 2 surgeons during a follow-up visit 12 months later. To assess the surgical outcome objectively, the author used the Allergan photometric midface volume deficit scale to measure the midface volume. The midface contour and degree of projection were analyzed using lateral view photographs of the patients. The measurement of segment CM (distance between the lateral canthus and mouth corner) and segment MA (distance from segment CM to the most protruding malar area) was performed. The patients who underwent extended deep plane rhytidectomy with the rotation of a part of the composite flap reported higher overall satisfaction and achieved more favorable results, as evaluated by the 2 aesthetic surgeons (P < 0.05). The scores on the Allergan photometric midface volume deficit scale showed a significant increase before and after the surgery in both groups (P < 0.05), also as evaluated by the 2 aesthetic surgeons. However, the change in scores was found to be higher in the extended deep plane rhytidectomy with the rotation of a part of the composite flap group. The midface contour and degree of projection showed an increase of 20.6% on the right face and 22.7% on the left face, respectively (P < 0.001). Using the rotation of a part of the composite flap during rhytidectomy resulted in overall satisfactory outcomes for all patients. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the use of this surgical method is beneficial and effective.

Measuring Gaze: Women’s Visual Processing of Empowerment and Objectification Messages in Empowerment-Themed Advertisements

Empowerment-themed advertisements (ETAs) often pair ostensibly empowering narratives with objectification imagery. Existing research demonstrates that women do not report feeling empowered after viewing ETAs but cannot confirm why. In this study, 186 female participants were randomly assigned to view captions and/or photos from ETAs while their eye movements were recorded. The empowerment-themed captions increased women’s felt empowerment when presented alone but failed to empower when paired with photos. However, captioning photos with empowerment-themed text did lead to lower self-objectification than captioning them with objectification-themed text. Thus, while the visuals used in ETAs limit their effectiveness, self-objectification may not be responsible.

Evaluation of nasolabial esthetics in 8- to 12-year-old patients with cleft lip and palate by healthcare professionals in Northeast Thailand.

To assess the aesthetics of the nasolabial appearance of patients with cleft lip and palate aged 8-12 years by experienced and inexperienced professionals. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 patients with cleft lip and palate, who underwent surgery and follow-up treatment at the Cleft Center. The research tools included a parent-completed survey providing GO graphic data and two-dimensional frontal view photographs of patients from both left and right sides. The aesthetic of the lip, nose, and nasolabial region was evaluated by an experienced and inexperienced medical professional team in groups of four individuals. In addition, data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, mean values, standard deviations, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The average age of patients was 10.32 years, mainly male (65.63%), had unilateral cleft lip and palate (62.50%), and underwent bone grafting (96.88%). Regarding the assessment in three aspects, the aesthetic score assessed by experienced evaluators is fair level (2.64 ± 1.09) with an acceptable value of 0.73. In contrast, the inexperienced evaluator showed a high level (2.43 ± 0.83) with a high inter-rater reliability acceptable value of 0.60. Inexperienced evaluators showed higher scores for the lip and nasolabial region than experienced evaluators, which was statistically significant (p-values < 0.01). The inexperienced evaluators showed significantly higher scores for appearance than experienced evaluators. This result can improve surgical techniques in future procedures to meet the needs of patients seeking lip and nasolabial appearance corrections across different age groups.

Facial Analysis of the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria for the Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism

Background: Facial analysis defines the measurement of soft tissue in the face used in forensics, anthropology, artistic design, and facial reconstruction. The study aims to evaluate the sexual differences in facial parameters among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria.&#x0D; Methods: 400 (200 males and 200 females) subjects of Igbo origin volunteered for the study. Each subject's frontal view photographs were taken in the Natural Head Position (NHP) and analyzed using Pro-Image Facial Software Version 2 to evaluate the nasal width, nasal height, mouth width, facial width, facial height, inner canthal distance, and outer canthal distance. Data obtained were analyzed with IBM SPSS (version 23) and independent T-test as an inferential statistic.&#x0D; Results: The result showed that NW was (M=5.16±0.65, F=5.34±0.53, t=-2.91, p=0.00), NH was (M=5.61±0.62, F=5.26±0.57, t=5.92, p=0.00), MW was (M=6.64±0.7, F=6.54±0.71, t=1.46, p=0.14), FW was (M=16.17±1.31, F=15.07±2.04, t=6.39, p=0.00), FH was (M=16.63±1.11, F=16.08±1.31, t=4.36, p=0.00), En was (M=4.62±0.46, F=4.31±0.47, t=6.75, p=0.00) and Ex was (M=12.23±0.86, F=12.16±1.01, t=0.82, p=0.41).&#x0D; Conclusion: The nasal width and Height, facial width and height, and inner canthal distance show gender differences among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. This study will have a practical application in Forensics, Anthropology, Artistic and Industrial design, and to medical professionals involved in facial reconstruction.

Pengembangan Ide "Point of View" dalam Dokumenter Televisi “Teduh Pelita” Edisi “Ruang Mimpi, Rumah Singgah”

Health is a very important aspect in the life of everyone. Treatment of chronic diseases requires expensive medication costs and special handling. Based on this, Valencia Mieke Randa built a halfway house named Rumah Harapan Indonesia. Through Rumah Harapan Indonesia, she helps children and parents from various areas who do not haveplaces to live in Jakarta while undergoing treatment. All their needs, both materially and morally, are fully supported. Motivated by this story then the author decided to make a television documentary with the title "Ruang Mimpi, Rumah Singgah" with the aim to motivate and inspire people to do good and not hesitate to help others. The methods used by the author in this production are: field observations, approaches, and interviews with relevant sources, as well as audio-visual documentation. The author has a role as the producer, then the producer implemented producer’s idea in creating this documentary program “Teduh Pelita” Edition of “Ruang Mimpi, Rumah Singgah”. It could be concluded, first, that the writer as a producer has maximized the development of good ideas that can be seen in all sequences. The author optimized efforts to develop ideas, both point of view, motion graphics, and documentation photo frames in each sequence. Second, the producer applied conceptual planning after this documentary production was finished by combining good thoughts from the producer's idea development, visual development through the shot list by the program director, and scripts that support the language style by the script writer to make it easier to convey messages to the audience.

Interdisciplinary approach to defining outdoor places of knowledge work: quantified photo analysis.

Working outdoors is an emerging, sparsely studied phenomenon in knowledge work. Office tasks have traditionally been considered to belong to indoor environments. The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 has increased and changed attitudes toward multilocational working. The aim of this method study is 2-fold: first to define for interdisciplinary context outdoor environments when they are used as places of outdoor knowledge work and second to quantify the thematic photo analysis to support interdisciplinary understanding of the places of outdoor knowledge work. The review of literature has been one of the methods to support the interdisciplinary approach of this article. The photographs of outdoor knowledge workplaces and views from the workstations are studied through photo analysis customized from the existing press photograph analysis. First, we defined outdoor environments when used as places of outdoor knowledge work, as unconditioned outdoor or semi-outdoor places (opposite to closed indoor spaces with stable, conditioned indoor climate) providing favorable action possibilities as sources of comfort and mitigating unfavorable conditions, for example, by microclimatic solutions. Instead of defining all spaces as outdoor environments not fulfilling a stable indoor climate (conditioned) definition, adaptation to thermal and physical environments also brought semi-outdoor space into the definition. In this context, favorable latent action possibilities (affordance) in the built environment are often related to microclimate as a source of comfort. Second, we focussed on photo analysis. The proposed model is based on journalistic photo analysis PPSA and the pOKW model, which have been further developed in this study to pOKW2 model for analyzing mobile-based collected self-reported photographs by the occupants. In this pOKW2 model, the photographs would have time-location information enabling the combining of data from other datasets and thereby reducing the number of characteristics to be analyzed from the photograph. We proposed rating (in numeric form) to detect the favorable and unfavorable characteristics in the photographs most likely supporting or hindering conditions of outdoor knowledge work. This quantification would enable the use of machine vision analysis and would support handling large quantities of photographs and their combination with other datasets in interdisciplinary research. The quantification of the photo analysis (pOKW2) includes the readiness to combine the analysis results with other time-location-specific datasets in an interdisciplinary research collaboration to advance our understanding of latent action possibilities for outdoor knowledge work.

E- Commerce Practices with Special Reference on Amazon Product

Online shopping is nowadays used everywhere or in every corner of the world and it is happening only because of customers directly make an order something they need through online shopping in Amazon. The meaning of online shopping is the process of buying goods and service from merchant over the internet. Amazon is one the site that customer used for purchasing many products. Online shopping makes easier for customer to choose different variety of product which they want, that the reason online shopping is popularly used nowadays. This paper made an research in online shopping through Amazon. Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods and services from a seller over the internet using a web browser or a mobile app. Customer find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine which display the same products availability and pricing at different e- retailer. A typical online store enables the customer to browse the firm’s range of product and services view photos or images of the product, along with information about the product specifications, features and prices. Online stores typically enable shoppers to use “search “features to find specific model, brand or items. It aims to find that the online shopping is easy to use and identify the offers and replacement of product factors.

Effect of Nasal Tip Reshaping on Tip Projection in Primary Rhinoplasty without Cartilage Grafting from a Second Donor Site in an Asian Population

Objectives: Many Asian patients with nasal aesthetic surgery desire a sharper, more defined nasal tip. In many cases, their nasal cartilage is not abundant enough, necessitating cartilage transplantation from an extranasal location. We investigated which patients would qualify for a method of reshaping the nasal tip without needing donor cartilage by reshaping the lower cartilage using the transdomal suture technique and local cartilage grafting.Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing nasal tip surgery. We divided patients into two groups. Group 1 comprised 13 patients with nasal tips with thin skin and soft tissue and relatively abundant cartilage. Group 2 included 31 patients with nasal tips with thicker, firmer skin and soft tissue and a smaller amount of cartilage. No patients had prior nasal surgery, and all patients were followed up for at least 3 months. Patients in both groups underwent the transdomal suture technique and local cartilage grafting. Five patients in Group 2 underwent alar reduction. Preoperative and postoperative lateral view photographs were superimposed and analyzed to measure changes in tip projection.Results: Patients in Group 1 showed a mean increase in tip projection of 3.9%. Patients in Group 2 demonstrated a mean decrease in tip projection of −1.5% without alar reduction and −5.6% with alar reduction.Conclusions: If the nasal tip is predominantly cartilaginous, patients may undergo surgery that does not involve donor cartilage from another site with good results. However, most patients, who have a relatively small amount of nasal tip cartilage, are not good candidates for this procedure.

An evaluation of the customized nasal clip protocol for bilateral cleft lip and palate presurgical infant orthopaedics.

Nasoalveolar moulding (NAM) has resulted in profound outcomes in the treatment of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients, including non-surgical columellar lengthening and nasal moulding. We examine an innovative alternative that is less invasive, yet provides similar results. In this study, we describe a novel approach using the Customized Nasal Clip Protocol (CNCP™) and compare the treatment outcomes of a small cohort of infants with bilateral cleft lip ± palate with published results of the Grayson nasoalveolar moulding protocol. A cohort of six bilateral-cleft-affected patients was evaluated for this study. Standardized frontal and worm's eye view photographs were obtained, and clinical measurements were utilized to garner columellar length measurements and nostril height comparisons. The initial and post-surgical results were statistically compared with a student's t-test (p < .05). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the cohort, which will be described. The resulting columellar length and nostril height increases of the CNCP™ group were comparable to a published cohort of subjects that have undergone nasoalveolar moulding. The nasal changes were found to be significant with a p-value <.01. The CNCP™ cohort also had fewer clinic visits, no complications that led to complete pauses of active treatment, and the benefit of receiving comprehensive treatment that was initiated at their first clinical presentation, in comparison to traditional NAM patients. The increase of columellar length and nostril height that resulted from utilizing the CNCP™ in bilateral cleft patients met the treatment goals of presurgical infant orthopaedics, with results on par with published results of NAM. These results, paired with the reduction in patient, family, and provider burden, further support the continued use and development of the CNCP™ for appropriate patient populations.

A - 12 Investigating Relationships between Theory of Mind, Executive Functioning, and Adaptive Functioning in Non-Demented Older Adults.

Theory of mind (ToM) is a facet of social cognition that relies on the ability to infer the mental states of others and is a cognitive and emotional capacity that may become compromised in the context of neurodegeneration. This may put older adults at greater risk for financial exploitation or susceptibility to scams. We investigated relationships among executive functioning, financial capacity, and ToM in a sample of older adults who did not have a diagnosis of dementia. Participants were cognitively unimpaired or presented with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment. As part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, participants completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), a measure of ToM in which participants view photos of the eye region of the face and select which social emotion they perceive to be depicted in each photo. Pearson correlations were calculated to test relationships among RMET performance and select measures of executive functioning (D-KEFS Trail Making Test 4, Letter Fluency) and basic financial skills (Financial Capacity Instrument, short form). Participants' (n = 72; M age = 75.36; M education = 15.676; 69% female) RMET performance was significantly associated with measures of executive functioning (r = 0.243, p = 0.041), mental flexibility (r = -0.283, p = 0.017), and financial skills (r = 0.291, p = 0.015). Capacity for ToM is linked with integrity of executive functioning skills and financial capacity in older adults with varying degrees of cognitive compromise. Older adults who demonstrate deficits in aspects of social cognition may be at risk for poor outcomes in key cognitive and adaptive skills in daily life.