View Of Theory Research Articles

Semantic Technologies in Knowledge Management

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore semantic technologies in knowledge management.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to semantic technologies in knowledge management. Preliminary empirical review revealed that these technologies hold significant potential for enhancing knowledge organization, retrieval, and utilization within organizations. While theoretical benefits were recognized, practical implementation faced challenges such as technical constraints, organizational resistance, and the need for alignment with organizational objectives. Despite these hurdles, the study emphasized the importance of overcoming barriers through comprehensive approaches involving technological solutions, organizational change management, and stakeholder engagement. Overall, the study highlighted the transformative potential of semantic technologies in knowledge management but underscored the necessity of addressing challenges to realize their full benefits.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) theory, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Resource-Based View (RBV) theory may be used to anchor future studies on semantic technologies. The study made several recommendations to enhance the adoption and utilization of semantic technologies. It suggested developing standardized ontologies, prioritizing user-centric design principles, and providing ongoing training to improve digital literacy among practitioners. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of governance mechanisms for ensuring data quality, fostering collaborative networks for knowledge sharing, and embracing a culture of experimentation and adaptation. These recommendations aimed to address challenges such as interoperability, usability, and trustworthiness, ultimately enabling organizations to leverage semantic technologies more effectively in their knowledge management practices.

Sovereign currency and long-term interest rates in advanced economies from 1879 to 2016

ABSTRACT This paper explores the effects of government debts and deficits on long-term interest rates under different international monetary systems from the perspective of monetary sovereignty. The findings of this paper confirm conventional accounts of financial crowding-out and the adverse impact of growing public debt on interest rates among countries under the classical Gold Standard period (1879–1913) and non-sovereign countries under the recent fiat system (1973–2016). By contrast, countries in the Bretton Woods era (1959–1970) and sovereign countries in the contemporary post-Bretton Woods era (1973–2016) do not exhibit such positive debt-interest rates relationships while still showing crowding-out but with much less magnitude. Overall, the results support the Modern Money Theory (MMT) view that the consequence of monetary sovereignty from 1879 to 2016 is to remove, or greatly attenuate, the impact of default risk, fiscal balance, and bond vigilantes on the interest rate.

The Role of Over-Parameterization in Machine Learning – the Good, the Bad, the Ugly

The conventional wisdom of simple models in machine learning misses the bigger picture, especially over-parameterized neural networks (NNs), where the number of parameters are much larger than the number of training data. Our goal is to explore the mystery behind over-parameterized models from a theoretical side. In this talk, I will discuss the role of over-parameterization in neural networks, to theoretically understand why they can perform well. First, I will discuss the role of over-parameterization in neural networks from the perspective of models, to theoretically understand why they can genralize well. Second, the effects of over-parameterization in robustness, privacy are discussed. Third, I will talk about the over-parameterization from kernel methods to neural networks in a function space theory view. Besides, from classical statistical learning to sequential decision making, I will talk about the benefits of over-parameterization on how deep reinforcement learning works well for function approximation. Potential future directions on theory of over-parameterization ML will also be discussed.

Unleashing the power of green innovations: the role of organizational ambidexterity and green culture in achieving corporate sustainability

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of organizational ambidexterity (OA) and organizational green culture (OGC) on corporate sustainability (CS) while incorporating the mediating role of green innovation (GI) to provide a detailed insight into CS. The study also presents a research framework based on the Organizational Ambidexterity theory and Natural Resource-based view to explain the factors contributing to CS.Design/methodology/approachUsing stratified sampling, the study collected data through survey-based empirical research from 307 textile companies registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) or the All-Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA). The collected data were analysed using path analysis, mediation analysis and moderation analysis through smart PLS-SEM version 4.0 to assess the composition and causal association of factors.FindingsThe study found a significant relationship between OA and OGC with CS. Furthermore, the study revealed that green innovation partially mediates the relationship between OGC and CS. The proposed research framework can be valuable for promoting and recommending actions to enhance CS.Research limitations/implicationsThe study on CS in the textile sector of Pakistan has limitations such as a narrow focus, cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data. Future research should explore additional factors, conduct longitudinal research, investigate contextual factors, scrutinize specific green innovation practices and broaden the scope of the study to include SMEs and other textile organizations.Practical implicationsThe research framework can help senior executives to foster CS by promoting OGC, OA and GI. Practitioners and academicians can also utilize or further investigate the proposed framework for validation and to foster CS.Originality/valueThis study fills gaps in the existing literature by investigating the mediating effect of GI between OGC and CS. The proposed research framework provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to CS based on the Organizational Ambidexterity theory and Natural Resource-based view.

The Principle of Constructive Alternativeism and Physical Education. Introduction and purpose of the study

Nowadays, there is an active rethinking of the prospects for the development of physical education in educational institutions. This is manifested, in particular, in the aggravation of discussions about the expediency of using in our time such models of physical education as health-improving and adaptive, socially-oriented, personality-oriented, sports and recteative, which, as you know, differ in their goals and means of achieving them. In the course of these discussions, the proponents of some points of view reject the expediency of paying attention to the other approaches and offer their point of view as the "ultimate truth". In this work, an attempt is made to analyze the experience of getting out of similar situations in modern psychology and apply it to the field of physical education. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the expediency of using the principle of constructive alternativeism in physical education. Material and methods. In the process of research, the method of analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature was used. Results. The starting point of the study was the idea that approaches to the analysis of models of physical education should be carried out in the practical and theoretical planes. From a practical point of view, it is important to understand to what extent this or that model responds to the current demand of society, the complexity of organizational measures that are necessary for its implementation, the material base, etc. From the point of view of theory, the only thing that matters is to what extent our understanding of physical education as a phenomenon has been deepened and expanded. Conclusions. In the current conditions of martial law in Ukraine, the most expedient is the transition to a socially-oriented model of physical education. In the theory of physical education, it is advisable to focus on the principle of constructive alternativeism.

Maximum Entropy Theory of Multiscale Coarse-Graining via Matching Thermodynamic Forces: Application to a Molecular Crystal (TATB).

The MSCG/FM (multiscale coarse-graining via force-matching) approach is an efficient supervised machine learning method to develop microscopically informed coarse-grained (CG) models. We present a theory based on the principle of maximum entropy (PME) enveloping the existing MSCG/FM approaches. This theory views the MSCG/FM method as a special case of matching the thermodynamic forces from the extended ensemble described by the set of thermodynamic (relevant) system coordinates. This set may include CG coordinates, the stress tensor, applied external fields, and so forth, and may be characterized by nonequilibrium conditions. Following the presentation of the theory, we discuss the consistent matching of both bonded and nonbonded interactions. The proposed PME formulation is used as a starting point to extend the MSCG/FM method to the constant strain ensemble, which together with the explicit matching of the bonded forces is better suited for coarse-graining anisotropic media at a submolecular resolution. The theory is demonstrated by performing the fine coarse-graining of crystalline 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), a well-known insensitive molecular energetic material, which exhibits highly anisotropic mechanical properties.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF NATIONALISM IN SOCIO-POLITICAL PROCESSES

The article presents an analysis of various concepts of nationalism as a socio-political phenomenon. The variety of approaches to understanding the phenomenon of nationalism indicates the absence of a single universal theory. An attempt has been made to consider the rather complex problems of the nation and nationalism, based on the most influential concepts. The main attention is paid to the key theories of the nation and nationalism that developed in the 20th century. According to the main methods of research and analysis of the problems of nationalism, the following areas of research can be distinguished. First of all, primordialism, which substantiates the uniqueness of the phenomenon of nationalism. The communicative direction considers nationalism as the main tool for the modernization of traditional society. Constructivist theories view nations and nationalism as the result of purposeful activity. The nation, according to constructivism, is an artificial social entity. From the point of view of functionalists, the origin and development of nationalism is associated with the implementation of a certain social function. Representatives of functionalism see the main task of nationalism in ensuring the stability of social processes. The formation of nationalism is associated with the modernization of society, the emergence of compulsory education and common cultural values. The analysis carried out allowed the authors to conclude that these approaches can be the basis for researching the phenomenon of nationalism and developing practical methods for solving problems in the field of national policy in a multi-ethnic state.

Psychology of dreams: justification and development of a synthetic approach

The object of the study is the mental reality of a personality, and the subject is its dream activity, which is considered in the context of a multilevel and multidimensional structure of personality as a system. Thus, the function of dream activity is considered through the prism of a dialogic (transcendental) function that allows consciousness to perceive mental facts beyond its boundaries, that is, to acquire the ability to metareflexion, combining the ontological and epistemological paradigms. It follows from this that the study touches on the "multi-dimensionality" of the personal structure, both on the surface and in the deep planes, combined in the space of a dream through conscious perception of symbols. It is proposed to combine the idea of the structure of the psyche according to S. Groff and an understanding of the specifics of the material manifested in specific dreams of a particular person. The research methodology is based on the idea of mental reality as a self-regulating system, within which dreams serve the inherent desire for integrity of the personality. The author uses the following methods: case studies, interpretation, analysis and synthesis, introspection and self-report. The article attempts to develop an integrative-synthetic theory of dreams based on the works of V.V. Kozlov, S.A. Parfentiev, V.V. Maikov and other modern authors working in the field of practical depth psychology. Based on the author's vision and generalization of many years of experience, the concept of seven "dimensions" (levels) is proposed for working with dream material for the purposes of psychological psychotherapy and personal development. The results of an experiment are presented, proving both the effectiveness of this algorithm and the scientific validity of understanding dreams as a multidimensional natural psychotherapeutic space, process and mechanism at the same time. In general, the work is very relevant from the point of view of both theory and practice, while being characterized by a certain scientific novelty.

Genealogy, discourse and the "death of the author" as figures of poetics in the novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves".

The object of research of this article is a novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves" in the context of postmodernism. The subject of the research is some concepts of the theory of poststructuralism – discourse, genealogy, "death of the author" – implemented in the work "House of Leaves" through reductive, metaphorical or allusive implantation into the fabric of the novel. A general analysis is given and the problem of the correlation between the theories of poststructuralism and postmodernism is outlined. The selection and analysis of theoretical works on a given problem has been carried out, and working concepts have been formulated, used as tools for analyzing forms, figures of poetics, as well as for interpreting the novel "House of Leaves".As a consequence, the article presents a detailed description of one of the sides of the artistic method of Mark Z. Danilevsky (the use of poststructuralism theories as a figure of novel poetics), which allows us to judge the techniques and means of artistic expression that determined the form of the novel. In this regard, the article discusses the so-called "form effects", for example: synchrony, the capture of a real figure by a simulacrum, the creation of genealogical–artistic images, the establishment of a special time mode – "simultaneity", etc. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that we have considered the interpretation of the work from the point of view of poststructuralism theories, as a result of which new formal techniques and mechanisms of their use in the creation of a work of art have been revealed.

Kontribusi Teori Pengondisian Klasik Terhadap Pengenalan Makharijul Huruf Hijaiyah Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun

The Classical conditioning theory discovered by Petrovich Ivan Pavlov made an extraordinary contribution to the realm of early childhood education. This theory was discovered accidentally by Pavlov while conducting experiments to determine the digestive system of dogs. This theory is known for conditioned reflexes. This theory views that learning is a change in behavior. Classical conditioning theory is usually used in early childhood education, such as changes in behavior, attitudes, ethics and habits. Furthermore, this study will see how the contribution of classical conditioning theory to the introduction of hijaiyah letters in makharijul in children aged five to six years. The objects in this study were girls ages 5-6 years whose speech was unclear. Furthermore, this research will look at the contribution of classical conditioning theory to the introduction of makharijul hijaiyah letters. This research is a type of qualitative research in the from of research (field research), with a phenomenological approach using Creswell model. The results obtained, in children aged five to six years with cedal indications, that classical conditioning theory can contribute, children can recognize and pronounce hijaiyah letters correctly.

Non-perturbative Symmetries of Little Strings and Affine Quiver Algebras

We consider Little String Theories (LSTs) that are engineered by N parallel M5-branes probing a transverse ℤM geometry. By exploiting a dual description in terms of F-theory compactified on a toric Calabi-Yau threefold XN,M, we establish numerous symmetries that leave the BPS partition function \U0001d4b5N,M invariant. They furthemore act in a non-perturbative fashion from the point of view of the low energy quiver gauge theory associated with the LST. We present different group theoretical organisations of these symmetries, thereby generalising the results of [1] to the case of generic M ≥ 1. We also provide a Mathematica package that allows to represent them in terms of matrices that act linearly on the Kähler parameters of XN,M. From the perspective of dual realisations of the LSTs the symmetries found here act in highly nontrivial ways: as an example, we consider a formulation of \U0001d4b5N,M in terms of correlation functions of a vertex operator algebra, whose commutation relations are governed by an affine quiver algebra. We show the impact of the symmetry transformations on the latter and discuss invariance of \U0001d4b5N,M from this perspective for concrete examples.

Optimizing Adolescent Psychological Well-Being through an Environmental Ecological Approach

Psychological well-being is a general term used to describe an individual's mental health concerning the fulfillment of positive indicators of psychological functioning. Psychological well-being can be characterized as an indicator of good mental functioning and the drive to explore the potential of the individual as a whole to achieve success. This writing aims to explain the practice of counseling psychological well-being for adolescents using the benefits of environmental ecology introduced by Uri Bronfenbrenner, a psychologist from Cornell University, United States. Ecological theory views that the environmental context influences human development. The research method uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The researcher explains the activities, starting from preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The research results show that adolescent mental health assistance through an ecological approach goes very well. Great environmental ecology influences adolescents' psychological well-being.

Publicity’s Misinformation Problem

AbstractThis paper argues that everyday practices crucial for ensuring politically engaged citizens such as sharing news articles or deliberating about potential laws can also be responsible for undermining the state’s efforts to publicize the law. Theorists view publicity—a requirement that laws should be public and accessible—as having crucial normative and practical importance in liberal democracy and, more broadly, in ensuring the rule of law. Due to egalitarian concerns, laws are often long, complex, and specific to ensure that street-level bureaucrats exercise low levels of discretion in applying the law. This—what I deem the institutional publicity problem—means that the law is so inaccessible that busy, everyday citizens must turn to third-party sources to understand policymaking. These intermediaries often make mistakes promulgating the law. Misinformation is hard to counteract, and pre-existing beliefs affect information acceptance. This all represents a behavioral publicity problem: morally and legally permissible actions can complicate and undermine reasonable efforts of citizens to learn about the law. I argue that the state is caught between a rock and a hard place. While there are benefits to having the state fight against misinformation, it also raises serious concerns about democratic engagement.

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND INNOVATION AS A STRATEGIC BUSINESS RESILIENCE EFFORT FOR BATIK AND WEAVING BUSINESS ACTORS

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors affecting economic resilience in the batik and weaving SME industry in Indonesia, focusing on Pekalongan Batik, Yogyakarta Batik, and Tenun Sengkang. Theoretical Reference: This study integrates National Resilience Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) to form a robust basis for business resilience, emphasizing community empowerment and innovation. Community empowerment builds batik and weaving businesses on skilled human resources, while innovation facilitates adaptation and growth. Together, they address external challenges like global competition and shifting consumer preferences, enhancing the resilience of batik and weaving enterprises. Method: The research method used was a qualitative approach with descriptive data collection through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The focus of this research is on empowerment and innovation in SMEs of Pekalongan Batik, Yogyakarta Batik, and Sengkang Weaving in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi. Results and Conclusion: The study reveals that batik and weaving entrepreneurs highly value competitor analysis and the adoption of competitive best practices. Government support through community empowerment initiatives is vital for industry growth, offering crucial assistance such as training, education, and market expansion. Continuous community empowerment and regular program evaluations are essential. Effective collaboration among government, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders is key to fostering a supportive business environment, significantly enhancing the batik and weaving sector's development and overall welfare. Implication of Research: Effective community empowerment hinges on the collaboration among government, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders, ensuring planning, implementation, and evaluation involve all parties. This approach fosters synergies and enhances program effectiveness. Involving entrepreneurs in decision-making tailors programs to actual business needs, while government should ensure entrepreneurs have access to necessary training and education. Orginality Value: This study introduces novel aspects by focusing on the batik and weaving SMEs in Indonesia's specific regions (Pekalongan, Yogyakarta, Sengkang), offering detailed insights into their unique challenges and potentials. It employs a comprehensive approach to business transformation, considering marketing, technology, entrepreneurship, and other performance-related factors, thus providing a wider view on industry development. Additionally, it emphasizes the government's role in fostering a supportive business ecosystem through community empowerment initiatives and highlights the significance of government support, training, education, and collaboration for industry advancement.

How do Teleworkers Relieve Negative Emotions to Improve Job Performance Through Enterprise Social Media? The Conservation of Resources Theory View

The primary aim of this paper is to study the impact of teleworkers’ psychology on their job performance and how teleworkers relieve negative emotions to improve job performance through enterprise social media (ESM) from the conservation of resources theory perspective. An online survey was sent to 835 teleworkers from industries such as finance, automobile, IT, construction, and logistics from March to May 2022 in China. Useful data from 218 respondents were collected and analyzed to test the hypothesized relationships by partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings show that family-to-work conflict and social isolation positively influence employees’ emotional exhaustion and emotional exhaustion further negatively influences their job performance. The visibility affordance and association affordance of ESM can reduce family-to-work conflict and social isolation, thus reducing teleworkers’ emotional exhaustion. The employees’ psychological resilience negatively moderates the positive effects which family-to-work conflict and social isolation have on emotional exhaustion. This paper studies the relieving effects of ESM affordance on teleworkers’ emotional exhaustion and reveals their defending mechanism for avoiding entering into the negative psychological state. Furthermore, this paper supplies beneficial practical suggestions for managers and teleworkers to improve job performance when working from home.

Is Nonprofit Entrepreneurship Unique?

AbstractWhile private entrepreneurial activity has been at the core of entrepreneurship, nonprofit ventures still need to be explored in the literature. Using norm-activation theory (NAT) and resource-based view (RBV) lenses, we explore the antecedents of undertaking nonprofit entrepreneurial activity. By examining 8544 entrepreneurs’ decisions about the type of entrepreneurship to engage in, we find that not all human capital has a similar influence on people’s decisions regarding the types of formation of their venture. The results suggest that entrepreneurs' job-related experiences and social orientation are significantly linked to nonprofit entrepreneurship. The results of our study contribute to the human capital theory by demonstrating that people’s value influences how they use their knowledge resources.

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting on Firm Performance

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting on firm performance.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Research suggests that there is a positive correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting and firm performance. CSR reporting not only enhances a company's reputation, mitigates risks, and improves access to capital but also fosters meaningful stakeholder engagement and contributes to long-term value creation. However, it is important to note that the specific impact of CSR reporting can vary across industries and contexts, influenced by factors such as industry norms, regulatory environments, and the extent to which CSR is integrated into a company's core business strategy.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and resource-based view (RBV) may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting on firm performance. In practice, CSR reporting uniquely contributes by promoting integrated reporting, where financial and non-financial information is combined to offer a holistic view of a company's performance, fostering transparency and accountability. From a policy perspective, CSR reporting makes unique contributions by advocating for globally harmonized reporting standards, facilitating comparability and consistency in reporting across industries and regions.

Estimation of the Charge Mobility of Phenanthroline derivatives with the view of Density Functional Theory: Reorganization Energy and Charge Transfer Integral are in play

Molecular arrangement and noncovalent interactions in organic materials greatly influence the charge mobility in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In the light of the this argument, we examined the electronic properties of the phenanthroline derivatives by considering the charge mobility with the combination of density functional theory and Marcus Charge Transfer Theory. The drift electron mobility of the molecule 1 and 2 were determined to 21.13 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 18.00 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively through J type π⋯π stacking interactions created by small perpendicular distances between the adjacent rings. The effective charge pathways of the molecules were generated with strong π⋯π stacking interactions consolidated by noncovalent interactions in their solid phases. The electron reorganization energy for both molecules were determined smaller than that of holes which means they have n-type semiconductor properties. The charge transfer integrals were calculated with the optimization of molecules’ dimer configurations that the theoretical results demonstrate the charge transfer integral depends on the distance between the stacking rings. High charge transfer integral and small reorganization energy give the high charge mobility fort he semiconductor molecules. Beside the mobility, energy band gap, ionization potential, electron and hole injection barriers of the molecules were interpreted to further understand their electronic properties. Due to the small LUMO values which provide n-type molecule and small electron injection barrier. From the our work both molecules can be effective n type organic semiconductor devices with the high mobility and can be modified for more efficient charge transport in phenanthroline derivatives.

Effects of working memory and visual search skill on Chinese reading comprehension: examining the simple view of reading

AbstractTo investigate the longitudinal effects of two domain-general cognitive abilities, namely verbal working memory and visual search skill, on Chinese reading comprehension. To evaluate whether decoding and linguistic comprehension mediate such effects. A total of 202 first-grade Chinese-speaking children from mainland China (Mage = 86 months, SD = 4.9 months; 126 boys) completed tasks that measured verbal working memory, visual search, expressive vocabulary, morphological awareness, Chinese character recognition, and word reading fluency. One year later, they completed a passage comprehension task and a nonverbal intelligence test. Structural equation modeling was conducted with decoding and linguistic comprehension being included as latent variables and mediating factors explaining the effects of working memory and visual search. The children with better verbal working memory and visual search skill exhibited better reading comprehension performance. The effect of working memory on reading comprehension was fully mediated by linguistic comprehension (captured by vocabulary and morphological awareness) but not decoding (measured by word reading accuracy and fluency). However, decoding fully mediated the impact of visual search skill. Our findings suggest that the reading comprehension ability of beginning Chinese readers is associated with verbal working memory and visual search ability. These general cognitive abilities influence reading comprehension through distinct pathways. In line with the simple view of reading theory, decoding and linguistic comprehension skills explain such impacts. This research underlines the value of simultaneously examining general cognitive abilities and exploring their interconnectedness with linguistic skills in the context of reading comprehension.

Two Forms of Functional Reductionism in Physics

Functional reductionism characterises inter-theoretic reduction as the recovery of the upper-level behaviour described by the reduced theory in terms of the lower-level reducing theory. For instance, finding a statistical mechanical realiser that plays the functional role of thermodynamic entropy allows to establish a reductive link between thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. This view constitutes a unique approach to reduction that enjoys a number of positive features, but has received limited attention in the philosophy of science. This paper aims to clarify the meaning of functional reductionism in science, with a focus on physics, to define both its place with respect to other approaches to reduction and its connection to ontology. To do so, we develop and explore two alternative versions of functional reductionism, called Syntactic Functional Reductionism and Semantic Functional Reductionism, that expand and improve the basic functional reductionist approach along different lines, and make clear how the approach works in practice. The former elaborates on David Lewis’ account, is connected with the syntactic view of theories, employs a logical characterisation of functional roles, and is embedded within Nagelian reductionism. The latter adopts a semantic approach to theories, spells out functional roles mainly in terms of mathematical roles within the models, and is expressed in terms of the related structuralist approach to reduction. The development of these frameworks has the final goal of advancing functional reductionism, making it a fully developed account of reduction in science.