Realistic View Research Articles

Translation, ideology, and creativity

Early translation studies scholars explored the relationship between translation and literary creation, showing that translation serves innovative purposes in literary systems that are in crisis, or that are weak or relatively young. Translation also acts as an ‘alibi ’for the introduction of difference. These early explorations leave out the role of ideology in the creative aspects of translation, a role articulated in both discourse theory and postcolonial theory. As a form of linguistic interface, translation introduces discourse shifts, destabilizes received meanings, creates altern ate views of reality, establishes new representations, and makes possible new identities. All these changes can produce creative results in a literary system and a culture. These creative dimensions of translation are particularly apparent in post-colonial contexts, illustrated here by the nexus of language interface, translation, and literary creativity in Ireland from the end of the nineteenth century to the present.

Australian Colonial Anglican Bishops and the Eucharist: Broughton, Perry, and Nixon

Abstract This article examines the eucharistic theology of three colonial Australian Anglican Bishops: Broughton of Sydney, Perry of Melbourne, and Nixon of Tasmania. Examination of their thinking shows that there is a multiformity of view among the three bishops. Broughton engages realism but does this in mainly receptionist manner, seeing Christ as present in the reception of the eucharist and the sacrifice of Christ commemorated and made effective through faithful reception. Perry engages a memorialist view, without realism, and sees the eucharist as a mere remembrance of a past and completed transaction, that is, the death of Christ on the cross. Nixon, under Tractarian influence, expresses a decidedly realist view where Christ is seen to be really present in the elements and a much closer connection is drawn between eucharistic remembrance and Christ’s sacrifice. The Oxford Movement is important to all three bishops, with Broughton and Nixon being influenced in a realist direction and Perry using the writings of the Tractarians to argue against realism. The multiformity of view of these bishops explains some of the multiformity of eucharistic theology which continues in the Anglican Church of Australia to this day.

Self-rated health and self-confidence among Iranian medical students, a survey in Tehran University of medical sciences

ABSTRACT Self-confidence is an attribute of the individual that enables one to have a positive or realistic view of themselves or the situations in which they exist. Investigations have shown that people with high self-confidence may have better general health. Based on our knowledge, no study has been conducted on the relationship between self-confidence and students’ health status so far in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between Self-rated health and self-confidence among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was performed on 600 students of different faculties at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. To measure self-confidence, the validated personal evaluation inventory (PEI) questionnaire and demographic characteristics questionnaire, suitable for Iranian medical students was used. To measure students’ Self-rated health as a dependent variable of the study, a standard question was used. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression. Of the 600 students who participated in the study, 322 (53.67%) were female and 278 (46.33%) were male. The overall mean score of students’ self-confidence was 66.71% (standard deviation = 10.42). In terms of Self-rated health, most participants reported good status (69.54% in females and 65.51% in males). The results showed the probability of having good health was associated with the rising of mean scores of self-confidence. It is recommended to educational policymakers to consider general and mental health and personal relationships as factors related to self-confidence and perform the necessary interventions needed to increase the level of self-confidence among students.

Tumuc1: A New Accurate DNA Force Field Consistent with High-Level Quantum Chemistry.

An accurate molecular mechanics force field forms the basis of Molecular Dynamics simulations to obtain a realistic view of the structure and dynamics of biomolecules such as DNA. Although frequently updated to improve agreement with available experimental data, DNA force fields still rely in part on parameters introduced more than 20 years ago. We have developed an entirely new DNA force field, Tumuc1, derived from quantum mechanical calculations to obtain a consistent set of bonded parameters and partial atomic charges. The performance of the force field was extensively tested on a variety of DNA molecules. It excels in accuracy of B-DNA simulations but also performs very well on other types of DNA structures and structure formation processes such as hairpin folding, duplex formation, and dynamics of DNA-protein complexes. It can complement existing force fields in order to provide an increasingly accurate description of the structure and dynamics of DNA during simulation studies.

Non-factualism and evaluative supervenience

ABSTRACT Supervenience in metaethics is the notion that there can be no moral difference between two acts, persons or events without some non-moral difference underlying it. If St. Francis is a good man, there could not be a man exactly like St. Francis in non-evaluative respects that is not good. The phenomenon was first systematically discussed by R. M. Hare (1952), who argued that realists about evaluative properties struggle to account for it. As is well established, Hare, and following him, Simon Blackburn, mistakenly took the relevant phenomenon to be weak rather than strong supervenience, and the explanations they offered for it are accordingly outdated. In this paper, I present a non-factualist account of strong supervenience of the evaluative and argue that it fares better than competing realist views in explaining the conceptual nature of the phenomenon, as well as in offering an account of the supervenience of the evaluative in general, rather than more narrowly the moral. While Hare and Blackburn were wrong about the specifics, they were right in that non-factualists can offer a plausible account of the supervenience of the evaluative, that in certain respects is superior to competing realist explanations.

Novel metrics for evaluating decision making in a 'Treat and Extend' regimen for neovascular age related macular degeneration.

The primary aim was to investigate outcome of the decision making on duration of injection intervals between injection visits over the first 2 years of a treat and extend regimen. Consecutive patients receiving Aflibercept for treatment naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration between 01.01.2016 and 15.07.2017 were identified from our departmental register. Retrospective data collected on all visits over 24 months were classified into three groups: (A) Without Interval Decision Events (IDE)" Injection only" (B) IDE resulting in injection intervals of <5 weeks and (C) IDE resulting in intervals of >5 weeks. The primary outcome was number of successful IDE relative to the total visits in Group C. Successful decision making was defined as absence of worsening of visual acuity (>5 L) or central retinal thickness (>50 microns) at the subsequent visit. Secondary visual and anatomical outcomes at 24 months were also evaluated. Data from 56 eyes of 50 patients were included in the study. Visual acuity improved by +7.11 L at 24 months. Forty one patients with unilateral therapy made 721 visits: 280 visits (38.8%) were group A; 164 visits (22.8%) were group B and 277 visits (38.4%) were group C. Average interval in Group C was 8.9 weeks (range 5-15). The success rate of extension was 95.31% (264/277 visits). These metrics for evaluating the decision making aspect of disease activity monitoring may be useful for monitoring performance and have given us a more realistic view and expectations of what can be achieved using this regime to optimise the timing of injections.

О семантико-мотивационных связях некоторых средств выражения понятия здоровье в русских диалектах

The article focuses on two motivational patterns involved in the axiological concept of health in Russian dialects. These are “health← firmness, strength, power&gt;&gt; and “health ← movement, location in a place&gt;&gt;. It is claimed that recurrent motivation patterns consolidate a large variety of expressions that convey the axiological concept health to a limited number of patterns. This becomes evident when not only word-formational motivation (the so-called “near&gt;&gt; motivation) but also the inner form of a word (the so-called “distant&gt;&gt; motivation) is considered. At the same time, popular consciousness within the boundaries of one pattern can reveal ambivalent views of reality.

Urgency Historical Tracing Reality Double-Entry Bookkeeping

This study aims to explore the urgency of history exploration of Double-Entry Bookkeeping reality and methodology. The method used in this research is a critical literature study. The results showed that there is a fundamental issue (basic) in viewing of the general development of accounting (positivism) who sees accounting simply as numbers and technical bookkeeping. These views are binary (single vision) that is patterned secularist materialism. Positivism is seen as constraction view of reality and resulted in a crisis of ethics. In the history of the literature review found that precisely the development of accounting that claim construction Double-Entry Bookkeeping Paciolli as accounting embryo today is unhistorical. DEB historical studies tend to use the basis of conventional economic paradigm and functionalist explanation. Methodological exploration in the history of accounting needs to be done in finding accounting reality DEB relevant and contextual to its day. Methodological aspects of multidisciplinary and use this critical perspective is required in order to occur the dynamic changes in the accounting, understanding, and development of accounting more ethical and just.

Inside North Korean Literature: The Hidden Meaning of Narratives

Abstract This study examines the grammar of tension and appropriation in North Korean literature, thereby shedding light on the complex meaning and metaphors hidden within the external (literal) narratives of North Korean literary texts. The true meaning of North Korean literature is situated between the political reality and the tension created by its narratives. This tension, concealed within the constraints of custom and form, permeates the text and the spaces between the lines. Accordingly, when reading North Korean literature, in addition to considering the social and literary contexts of the text, one needs to be careful not to miss the hidden meanings held within. This study reads between the lines to examine the critical view of the current reality that North Korean literature is a metaphor for and the desires that are symptomatically expressed therein. Specifically, the focus is on North Korean science fiction, which uses a grammar of appropriation to discuss the realities of the present through narratives of the future.

Evaluating the eco-efficiency of loading transport vehicles: A Brazilian case study

In today's world, the transportation industry is globally known for its high energy consumption and intensive use of fossil fuels. However, the search for more sustainable, less resource-carrying, and environmentally friendly transportation alternatives is growing. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the eco-efficiency of transports using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in the Brazilian automotive industry and so to propose a method to measure the performance of transports from the perspective of sustainable development. In this case study, there were considered eleven alternatives and four variables: load capacity, fuel efficiency, total emissions, and energetic consumption. As a reference, it was used data provided by the Brazilian program for the rationalization of the use of petroleum derivatives and natural gas, Inmetro and Petrobras, and by the automobile manufacturers of the vehicles analyzed. Findings indicate that the use of DEA provided evidence of a closer view of operational reality, and proved to be an adequate and complementary tool, allowing greater discrimination for eco-efficiency analysis of vehicles. Thus, the proposed approach can bring important insights to improve the Government evaluation regarding the energy efficiency of vehicles and is up to enrich the body of knowledge in organizational sustainability management and its performance measurement in the transports sector. Finally, the main contributions of this study include: (i) it is an extension of previous DEA works that assesses the efficiency of the road transport sector, considering also undesirable variables; and it (ii) allows a comparative assessment of car eco-efficiency using DEA model, combining desirable and undesirable results, and provides the unified efficiency of the Brazilian transportation industry.

Магічний реалізм: мовна картина світу в романі «Cien años de soledad» Ґабрієля Ґарсія Маркеса

The article focuses on the study of language world picture of the magical realism discourse in the novel «One Hundred Years of Solitude» of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The magical realism discourse depicts a realistic view of the modern world through the prism of mythological way of thinking and supplements mysterious, farial and mystical elements. The main conceptual characteristics of magical realism discourse are considered to be: fantastical elements, unity of reality and magic, possible words, mythical chronotope, author’s reticence, hyperbolization of the secret and metadiscourse

Analysis of the legal sources of the introduction of basic socialist values in the "Law on insurance"

The main socialist values are the soul of socialist legal construction. The introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for maintaining a combination of State governance on a legal basis and State governance on the basis of moral norms, and this is an important way to strengthen the construction of basic socialist values. The promotion of the introduction of basic socialist values into legislation has become an important measure for the introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of law and order and an important way of implementing basic socialist values. From the point of view of the rule of law, upholding the basic socialist values in laws and regulations undoubtedly requires the transformation and elevation of basic values, such as politics and moral norms, to the level of legal norms, so that they can receive a source and normative characteristic of justice, execution and protection.However, from the point of view of judicial practice and social reality in China, there are other types of norms that serve as the basis for court decisions and the normative basis for the behavior of the subject. Therefore, the “Insurance Law” as the basic law in the fi eld of traditional commercial law, the introduction of basic socialist values developed by a legal source based on the central position of the legislator, and should be based on the Constitution of the Civil Code of China. Here is about the fact that the constitution is the main right and dominant in the legal system of any countryThe content “The state supports the basic socialist values” was added to article 24 “Amendment to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China”, adopted on March 11, 2018. So that the basic socialist values are raised to the level and height of constitutional norms, and, thus, the defense of the basic socialist values has the highest legal force of the constitution. The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is guided by the “Constitution”, and in article 1 “the task of legislation” further proposes and requires “the promotion of socialist core values” and accepts the integration of the civil and commercial codes as a legislative tradition and legislative style.This is what provides the normative basis of the legal source for the introduction of the Law on Insurance into the basic socialist values. Principles and institutions, as the main forms of manifestation of law in the source of law, have also become two fi elds in which the basic socialist values are integrated into the Law on Insurance. Field integration at the level of basic principles should be mainly based on the principle of good faith, but based on the characteristics of insurance activity and insurance management, the overall integrity of the core values should be raised to the highest level of maximum integrity in order to offer a higher degree of honesty to insurance entities.Integration at the level of institutions requires not only the concretization of the principle of maximum integrity, but also the integration of basic values, such as freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law, into specifi c institutions in order to offer norms of behavior and justice for insurance entities and judicial authorities from the level of a legal source. In addition, from the position of judges in the center of justice, from the legal source, the introduction of basic socialist values has certain disadvantages, therefore, other types of norms besides legal sources should be introduced, such as appropriate judicial explanations about the Insurance Law, in this general fi eld, to help correct the shortcomings of the Insurance Law in the legal source, the full manifestation and implementation of the guiding and guiding role of the basic socialist values in the insurance legislation and insurance practice of China, the effective normalization and leadership of the healthy development of the insurance industry in China, as well as the demonstration and implementation of the contribution of insurance to the socialist economic order of China, and serves as a "stabilizer" of public order.

Paradigma Nusantara: Decolonizing Science Agenda

This research aims to propose Paradigma Nusantara as a means to redirect science to the roots of cultural and religious values that become the human characters of Nusantara. &nbsp;By using Hikmah&nbsp;philosophy, this paradigm was built with principal tenets. Modern paradigms are built with philosophical assumptions (epistemology, ontology, axiology/human nature), which reflect anthropocentric interests.&nbsp; Paradigma Nusantara, on the other hand, is built with four substantive tenets (kaidah substantif), namely Nusantara being, integral view of reality, religiousity and culture, and the objective of Nusantara knowledge.&nbsp; This paradigm, if applied into practice will be able to decolonize science, including accounting, that in the present time is still dense with Western and secular values, and will bring about creation of science that is in accordance with religions and local wisdom (culture).

Learning Economy: a New Hope to Achieve a Sustainable Economic System

Advances in science and technology have improved industrial productivity and competitiveness and greatly improved standards and quality of life. These same factors have been the source of the current instability and have created new issues requiring complex expertise and technology. This paper is based on the content analysis paradigm and the system analysis method. Given the limitations of the classic and neoclassical economic model, new approaches to environmental economics and innovation have been analyzed, and the challenges of achieving sustainable development and its components have been addressed. The future of humanity depends on whether it can develop an economic and social system with the “operational capacity” of mass and energy that respects ecological constraints, and this is the ultimate challenge for the economic systems in the future. However, as a realistic view, nobody can deny the importance of the other economic theories, and it is suggested to use the historical experiences and information to improve the economic systems, not to abandon what human society has achieved. Based on the obtained analytical results, the framework for selecting policy tools, the characteristics of each, and the time of using these policy tools to promote sustainable development are presented. This study shows that despite rapid economic growth, the world is reaching a point that there will be no capacity for more net harvest from nature. This paper suggests sustainable economics to stabilize sustainable economic growth and save vital resources from being depleted.

The Fasa Registry on Systolic Heart Failure (FaRSH): Feasibility Study and the First 5-year Reports

Background:The literature on patients with heart failure (HF) from the Middle East, besides a few existing registries, is scarce. We report, for the first time in our country, a hospital-based registry for systolic HF.Materials and Methods:This was a web-based registry on HF, conducted in Vali-Asr Hospital affiliated with Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. The goal of this registry was to define overall baseline clinical characteristics and natural history of hospitalized patients with systolic HF, to evaluate current management schema and implementation of practice guidelines, and to determine the correlation between genetic predisposition environmental effects, individuals’ characteristics of health, lifestyle, morbidity, and mortality in relation with the effects of medication.Results:To date, 2378 individuals with a mean of age 67.08±13.07 years have been registered. Among which, 1381 (58.07%) patients were diagnosed with denovo HF. Most of the patients (60.1%) were male, and 8.9% had admissions during the past 30 days. The most common causes of HF were ischemic heart disease (86.5%) and hypertension (5.3%). Most patients had NYHA class one (44.3%) and three (20.4%). Overall, near 30% had diabetes and more than 38% had hyperlipidemia. Most individuals have been not a history of cigarette smoking (68.7%) or water-pipe smoking (96.9%). Also, 22.2% were current opium users, and 3.2% were previous opium users. Conclusion:The findings of this registry could make a realistic view of HF as a chronic disease with a burden. Therefore, policymakers can design programs and guidelines to prevent disease and better survival and quality of life.

Pauling’s rules for oxide-based minerals: A re-examination based on quantum mechanical constraints and modern applications of bond-valence theory to Earth materials

AbstractSince their introduction in 1929, Pauling’s five rules have been used by scientists from many disciplines to rationalize and predict stable arrangements of atoms and coordination polyhedra in crystalline solids; amorphous materials such as silicate glasses and melts; nanomaterials, poorly crystalline solids; aqueous cation and anion complexes; and sorption complexes at mineral-aqueous solution interfaces. The predictive power of these simple yet powerful rules was challenged recently by George et al. (2020), who performed a statistical analysis of the performance of Pauling’s five rules for about 5000 oxide crystal structures. They concluded that only 13% of the oxides satisfy the last four rules simultaneously and that the second rule has the most exceptions. They also found that Pauling’s first rule is satisfied for only 66% of the coordination environments tested and concluded that no simple rule linking ionic radius to coordination environment will be predictive due to the variable quality of univalent radii.We address these concerns and discuss quantum mechanical calculations that complement Pauling’s rules, particularly his first (radius sum and radius ratio rule) and second (electrostatic valence rule) rules. We also present a more realistic view of the bonded radii of atoms, derived by determining the local minimum in the electron density distribution measured along trajectories between bonded atoms known as bond paths, i.e., the bond critical point (rc). Electron density at the bond critical point is a quantum mechanical observable that correlates well with Pauling bond strength. Moreover, a metal atom in a polyhedron has as many bonded radii as it has bonded interactions, resulting in metal and O atoms that may not be spherical. O atoms, for example, are not spherical in many oxide-based crystal structures. Instead, the electron density of a bonded oxygen is often highly distorted or polarized, with its bonded radius decreasing systematically from ~1.38 Å when bonded to highly electropositive atoms like sodium to 0.64 Å when bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen. Bonded radii determined for metal atoms match the Shannon (1976) radii for more electropositive atoms, but the match decreases systematically as the electronegativities of the M atoms increase. As a result, significant departures from the radius ratio rule in the analysis by George et al. (2020) is not surprising. We offer a modified, more fundamental version of Pauling’s first rule and demonstrate that the second rule has a one-to-one connection between the electron density accumulated between the bonded atoms at the bond critical point and the Pauling bond strength of the bonded interaction.Pauling’s second rule implicitly assumes that bond strength is invariant with bond length for a given pair of bonded atoms. Many studies have since shown that this is not the case, and Brown and Shannon (1973) developed an equation and a set of parameters to describe the relation between bond length and bond strength, now redefined as bond valence to avoid confusion with Pauling bond-strength. Brown (1980) used the valence-sum rule, together with the path rule and the valence-matching principle, as the three axioms of bond-valence theory (BVT), a powerful method for understanding many otherwise elusive aspects of crystals and also their participation in dynamic processes. We show how a priori bond-valence calculations can predict unstrained bond-lengths and how bond-valence mapping can locate low-Z atoms in a crystal structure (e.g., Li) or examine possible diffusion pathways for atoms through crystal structures.In addition, we briefly discuss Pauling’s third, fourth, and fifth rules, the first two of which concern the sharing of polyhedron elements (edges and faces) and the common instability associated with structures in which a polyhedron shares an edge or face with another polyhedron and contains high-valence cations. The olivine [α-(MgxFe1–x)2SiO4] crystal structure is used to illustrate the distortions from hexagonal close-packing of O atoms caused by metal-metal repulsion across shared polyhedron edges.We conclude by discussing several applications of BVT to Earth materials, including the use of BVT to: (1) locate H+ ions in crystal structures, including the location of protons in the crystal structures of nominally anhydrous minerals in Earth’s mantle; (2) determine how strongly bonded (usually anionic) structural units interact with weakly bonded (usually cationic) interstitial complexes in complex uranyl-oxide and uranyl-oxysalt minerals using the valence-matching principle; (3) calculate Lewis acid strengths of cations and Lewis base strengths of anions; (4) determine how (H2O) groups can function as bond-valence transformers by dividing one bond into two bonds of half the bond valence; (5) help characterize products of sorption reactions of aqueous cations (e.g., Co2+ and Pb2+) and oxyanions [e.g., selenate (Se6+O4)2− and selenite (Se4+O3)2−] at mineral-aqueous solution interfaces and the important role of protons in these reactions; and (6) help characterize the local coordination environments of highly charged cations (e.g., Zr4+, Ti4+, U4+, U5+, and U6+) in silicate glasses and melts.

Governing the firm: Innovation, performance and risk

The article analyses the most recent challenges for governing the firms in the present post-pandemic scenario. In that context, it is central to understand how management control operates, providing insights concerning the intersection between accounting, organisational and social aspects. A realistic view of the different issues is imperative for governing the firm. All the private, public and non-profit organizations need to gather together innovation, performance and risks with a specific balance to face the next two years of challenges to recover from the pandemic, hopefully, completely. In the present special issue all the research papers offer insights about at list one out of the different challenges, contributing to the advancement of knowledge related to drivers and barriers for governing the firm.

The operational framework for quantum theories is both epistemologically and ontologically neutral

Operational frameworks are very useful to study the foundations of quantum mechanics, and are sometimes used to promote antirealist attitudes towards the theory. The aim of this paper is to review three arguments aiming at defending an antirealist reading of quantum physics based on various developments of standard quantum mechanics appealing to notions such as quantum information, non-causal correlations and indefinite causal orders. Those arguments will be discussed in order to show that they are not convincing. Instead, it is argued that there is conceptually no argument that could favour realist or antirealist attitudes towards quantum mechanics based solely on some features of some formalism. In particular, both realist and antirealist views are well accomodable within operational formulations of the theory. The reason for this is that the realist/antirealist debate is located at a purely epistemic level, which is not engaged by formal aspects of theories. As such, operational formulations of quantum mechanics are epistmologically and ontologically neutral. This discussion aims at clarifying the limits of the historical and methodological affinities between scientific antirealism and operational physics while engaging with recent discoveries in quantum foundations. It also aims at presenting various realist strategies to account for those developments.

Bell nonlocality and the reality of the quantum wave function

Status of quantum wavefunction is one of the most debated issues in quantum foundations -- whether it corresponds directly to the reality or just represents knowledge or information about some aspect of reality. In this letter we propose a {\it $\psi$-ontology} theorem that excludes a class of ontological explanations where quantum wavefunction is treated as mere information. Our result, unlike the acclaimed Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph's theorem, does not presume the absence of holistic ontological properties for product quantum preparations. At the core of our derivation we utilize the seminal no-go result by John S. Bell that rules out any local realistic world view for quantum theory. We show that the observed phenomenon of quantum nonlocality cannot be incorporated in a class of $\psi$-epistemic models. Using the well known Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality we obtain a threshold bound on the degree of epistemicity above which the ontological models are not compatible with quantum statistics.

The Moon, a disk or a sphere?

In this paper, we present a physical modeling activity whose objective is to allow students to determine the differences between a disk and a sphere using pure scientific criteria. Thereunto, we reproduce the Sun–Earth–Moon system with low-cost materials and compare the illumination effects on the Moon considering two possible shapes for it (a sphere and a disk). The analysis is based on the shape of the terminator line produced in each case as a function of the illumination angle. The results obtained are first discussed and then applied so that one can interpret the observed patterns in the illumination effects of other celestial bodies, such as Venus or even the Earth. Thereby, the activity can be very useful to unmask the unscientific idea of flat Earth. The entire activity is easily replicable and it may be useful to promote a more realistic view of science and its methods.