Views Of Police Research Articles

Public Perceptions of Police in Fiji

Members of the public may have positive, negative, or mixed perceptions of police. Previous research has demonstrated that public perceptions are shaped by their experiences and interactions with police and can influence trust, perceived legitimacy, and future cooperation. Limited research has examined public perceptions of police in small island developing states. This article explores public perceptions of police in Fiji, an island state in the Pacific region. This study employed a mixed-method approach based on qualitative interviews ( n = 21) and quantitative surveys ( n = 150). The findings show that only a minority of the participants had a favorable view of police, while the majority had a negative perception. The results reveal that police corruption and brutality are two significant concerns of the public that the Fiji Police Force will need to address to gain public respect, trust, confidence, and legitimacy.

Introduction toVisual Arts ResearchSpecial Issue, Body Cam: The Visual Regimes of Policing

Introduction to<i>Visual Arts Research</i>Special Issue, Body Cam: The Visual Regimes of Policing

Abolition Dramaturgies: Reformance, Waywardness, and the End of the World

This essay places the penal abolition movement in conversation with dramatic literature, in order to understand how dramatists engage issues of policing and systemic racism, and how abolition can be envisioned onstage. Abolition dramaturgies are divisions of space and time in which a world without policing and imprisonment can be envisioned, practiced, experimented, innovated, sounded, felt, spread, and collectivized. Despite this revolutionary potential, the end goals of much performance for racial justice profoundly misrepresents the problem with US policing—a misrepresentation that crystallizes a broader view of police and prison reform in the era of "post-racialism," as well as reflecting deeper insights into the foundation of theatre and performance studies. For example, the play American Son by Christopher Demos-Brown enacts reformance, a structure of repetition, in which change is proposed without transforming foundational carceral structures. In contrast, the plays Pass Over by Antoinette Chinonye Nwandu and In the Blood by Suzan-Lori Parks explore dramatic engagements with abolitionist theories and practices. Further, these plays written by Black women envision how "waywardness" frames the possibility of political transformation after the end of the world. Such performances of ungovernability defy the seeming non-representability of abolition, staging images of violence in such a way that presents new opportunities for reparative relationality.

The Role of Sports Policing and Tourism Safety at the Summer Olympics

The study examines the Summer Olympics from the point of view of sports policing and tourism safety. Held every four years, the Summer Olympics are the world’s biggest sporting events, posing a significant challenge for tourism and law enforcement professionals. Billions of people watch the Olympic events on television, and hundreds of thousands of people are simultaneously present at the venues. Ensuring the safety of tourists and athletes on-site is the host country’s responsibility. In many cases, the target of terrorists is the tourism sector, which in some countries, accounts for a significant share of annual revenue. An attack could therefore have significant economic and social consequences. This study uses crime statistics and economic data to analyze and comment on each Olympic venue. The data comes from international databases, police, and embassy sources. The study seeks to answer the question of whether it is possible to host a safe Olympic event and whether there is a link between the money spent on Olympic security and safety.

Experiences with police in the community: Racial/ethnic differences in negative encounters and coping reactions.

This investigation explores police encounters and police-related coping responses, and the extent to which these relations are impacted by race/ethnicity and beliefs about state authority. In two large, diverse samples of undergraduates reporting on their recent experiences in the community, race, experiences with police, and views of police were analyzed as predictors for coping with police presence; attitudes about authority were added in the latter study to explore how views of authority affect interpretation of police encounters and later coping. Negative experiences with police differed by race and consistently predicted coping with police presence. There was a marginal interaction between views of authority and negative experiences with police, with greater stress response at lower levels of authoritarian attitudes. This report clarifies interactions with police from the civilian perspective. It suggests individual attitudes meaningfully affect interpretation of police encounters and, in line with recent research recommendations, highlights the need to better understand police encounters as stressors, particularly in relation to race and ethnicity.

자치경찰제도 실질화를 위한 실천 전략에 관한 연구

In Korea, the autonomous police system began to be implemented nationwide from July 1, 2021, but a transitional autonomous police system was implemented through a unilateral model that is somewhat far from the dual autonomous police system that the academic world and civic groups have been hoping to introduce, which has caused disappointment. In addition, the era of autonomous police has begun in the absence of interest from the majority of the public and the skeptical views of on-site police, leading to many concerns. Some say that the unification model for the autonomous police system is referred to as a deformed autonomous police system that only incites confusion in police activities and expands the overload of work and legal obligations of the on-site police, and there are various criticisms such as the ‘autonomous police system’ with autonomous police work without autonomous police, or ‘autonomous police with a half satisfactory pattern,’ etc. Therefore, in the practical limitations of the current unification model inevitably being developed until the revision of the law and the expansion of local finance, the purpose of this study is to present a strategy for implementing a successful autonomous police system that is likely to create similar effects to the introduction of the dual model. A brief summary of practical strategies for the substantialization of autonomous police system is as follows. First, it is necessary to develop a close public security cooperation model with a local autonomy organization as a practical plan related to office work allocation. Second, to increase the public security satisfaction of local residents, it is necessary to actively reflect the voices of citizens in public security policy and build a public security cooperation network that can cooperate. Third, to maximize security capabilities such as information sharing and mutual cooperation between the local autonomy organization and the autonomous police, an autonomous police development research institute should be established to support academically and theoretically and to suggest a reasonable mid- to long-term model for autonomous police development. Next, as a practical plan related to human resource and finance, first, criteria should be prepared to reasonably and fairly evaluate the work and performance of autonomous police. Second, a security big data analysis department should be established to ensure that scientific and objective workload analysis can be conducted to see if manpower is appropriate to respond to local safety needs related to autonomous police affairs. Third, because recent criminal behavior is unpredictable, widespread, and intelligent, as there is a limit to responding only with regular police officers, auxiliary police should be actively utilized to supplement the security gap. Lastly, because there is a difference in the security situation or the budget management of local governments by region, as differential autonomous police services may appear, this study proposed the introduction of autonomous police foundation operation by benchmarking the cases of developed countries.

Reimagining the Use of Force by Police in a Post-Floyd Nation

At this important juncture in American policing, this essay sets forth a framework to encourage law enforcement leaders and scholars to reconceptualize the use of force from the ground up. It begins by outlining changes needed in police culture and how police view their mandate to use force in society. It next addresses use of force policy-making and synthesizes recent reviews of the policy landscape, including a recent analysis of the deadly force policy from one the nation’s largest county police agencies. It then suggests ways that better training can improve decision-making and produce better outcomes when force must be used. The essay concludes with a challenge to law enforcement leaders and policy-makers to leverage momentum from the tragic death of George Floyd to make fundamental changes in how police in America think about, train for, use, and manage coercive force in society.

Certification of a police officer as a professional standard of his work

Topical issues of certification of police officers have been considered. The approaches of scientists to the definition of such concepts as "certification" of police officers have been studied. The views of scientists on the institute of certification, its legal regulation and the expediency of conducting have been analyzed. The history of the certification procedure and the grounds for its application have been considered, the main characteristics of the attestation and types have been clarified. The purpose of certification is seen in the most rational use of personnel, increasing the efficiency of their work.&#x0D; It was found that the definition of "certification" of police officers was first enshrined in law during the reform of the law enforcement system. Certification of police officers is enshrined in the new Law of Ukraine "On the National Police" from July 2, 2015 № 580-VIII, on the basis of which a new body was established, that is the police.&#x0D; Police certification is considered a professional standard and one of the important criteria in police service. Certification has no periodicity and has a special subject. We consider the desire for openness and transparency of its conduct to be positive in the police certification procedure. Three types of police certification have been studied. An exhaustive list of types of certification has been established.&#x0D; Based on the analysis of the legal regulation of the procedure of certification of police and scientific views of scientists, the definition of " certification " has been defined and characterized. The materials of the judicial practice on appealing the decisions of the certification commissions of the National Police bodies on dismissal of police officers as a result of their failure to pass the certification in Ukraine have been studied. The current state of legal regulation of the procedure of certification of police officers in Ukraine has been analyzed, its positive and negative aspects have been clarified.

Police bias and diminished trust in police: a role for procedural justice?

PurposeSince 9/11, Muslims have experienced discrimination and scrutiny from authorities. For many, this experience has damaged their trust in law enforcement and left them with the impression that they are viewed as suspect. This study seeks to better understand the relationship between Muslims' perceived police bias and trust, and how procedural justice may shape this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected survey data from 398 Muslims in Sydney, Australia, as part of a larger study on immigrants' views of police. Participants were surveyed on a range of topics including contact with police, global assessments of police procedural justice and how they believe police treat their cultural group.FindingsOverall, the authors find that the extent to which people perceive police bias is associated with their level of trust in police. Greater preconceived bias is associated with lower trust in police. The authors also find that perceiving police as procedurally just is positively related to trust. Importantly, this study finds a significant interaction effect between perceptions of police bias and procedural justice on Muslims' trust in police. Specifically, for those who hold the view that police are unbiased, perceiving police as generally procedural just has a strong positive effect on trust. For those who view police as biased against Muslims, procedural justice has a weak but positive effect on trust. This interaction effect suggests that perceived bias may shape how Muslims interpret police treatment of Muslims.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore how perceived police bias and perceptions of procedural justice predict and interact to shape Muslims' trust in police, advancing existing procedural justice policing scholarship.

Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males.

Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners recognize the importance of the public's perceptions of police, few studies have examined developmental trends in adolescents and young adults' views of police. Hypothesis 1: Perceptions of police legitimacy would exhibit a U-shaped curve, declining in adolescence before improving in young adulthood. Hypothesis 2: At all ages, Black youth would report more negative perceptions of police legitimacy than Latino youth, who would report more negative perceptions than White youth. Hypothesis 3: Perceptions of police bias would be consistently associated with worse perceptions of police legitimacy. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Crossroads Study, this study examined within-person trends in males' perceptions of police legitimacy from ages 13 to 22, as well as whether perceptions of police bias were associated with perceptions of police legitimacy. Perceptions of police legitimacy followed a U-shaped curve that declined during adolescence, reached its lowest point around age 18, and improved during the transition to young adulthood. Compared with White youth, Latino and Black youth had shallower curves in perceptions of police legitimacy that exhibited less improvement during the transition to adulthood. Further, perceptions of police bias were consistently associated with more negative perceptions of police legitimacy across races and ages. While perceptions of police legitimacy may decline during adolescence before improving during the transition to adulthood, perceptions of police bias are consistently negatively related to youth and young adults' perceptions of police legitimacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males

OBJECTIVE Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners recognize the importance of the public's perceptions of police, few studies have examined developmental trends in adolescents and young adults' views of police. HYPOTHESES Hypothesis 1: Perceptions of police legitimacy would exhibit a U-shaped curve, declining in adolescence before improving in young adulthood. Hypothesis 2: At all ages, Black youth would report more negative perceptions of police legitimacy than Latino youth, who would report more negative perceptions than White youth. Hypothesis 3: Perceptions of police bias would be consistently associated with worse perceptions of police legitimacy. METHOD Utilizing longitudinal data from the Crossroads Study, this study examined within-person trends in males' perceptions of police legitimacy from ages 13 to 22, as well as whether perceptions of police bias were associated with perceptions of police legitimacy. RESULTS Perceptions of police legitimacy followed a U-shaped curve that declined during adolescence, reached its lowest point around age 18, and improved during the transition to young adulthood. Compared with White youth, Latino and Black youth had shallower curves in perceptions of police legitimacy that exhibited less improvement during the transition to adulthood. Further, perceptions of police bias were consistently associated with more negative perceptions of police legitimacy across races and ages. CONCLUSIONS While perceptions of police legitimacy may decline during adolescence before improving during the transition to adulthood, perceptions of police bias are consistently negatively related to youth and young adults' perceptions of police legitimacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Relations between police and private security officers: a case study of Serbia

In the last few years, under the influence of various circumstances, the demand for the private security industry has increased in Serbia. The aim of this research is to examine the extent and quality of cooperation between members of the public and private security sector as the mutual perception of its members because their relations are important for establishing a safe environment for citizens. The survey was conducted from February to June 2019 using a questionnaire among 190 police officers and 178 security personnel. The results of this research showed that mutual relations between the private security personnel and police officers are satisfactory, but also that members of private security look at these relations from a brighter side and have a very positive attitude towards members of the police, while members of the police view these relations more negatively. The results of this research can be used for planning campaigns to improve the relationships between police officers and security personnel.

Profiting from a tainted trade: private investigators’ views on the popular culture glamorisation of their trade

Purpose The public fascination for private investigators has led to an abundance of imagery in popular culture media. This study aims to examine the views of practising private investigators regarding their professional images of dirty work. Design/methodology/approach To fill the gap in the literature, this study used data collected from semi-structured interviews with 33 industry practitioners from 3 Australian states. The paper investigates private investigator’s perceptions about themselves/job roles and the public perceptions of private investigators in Australia. Interviews were recorded and transcripts created. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken. Findings Private investigators were drawn from a range of professions, including public policing and government regulation. The findings indicate that the reality differs from the images typically portrayed in popular culture. Interviewees discussed the contrasts between media images and reality, providing a more complex portrayal of private investigation and what private investigators find satisfying and challenging about their work. Practical implications This study is helpful for improving the understanding of private policing, the media views of policing, those who conduct work within an environment considered to be tainted and their views of self. Originality/value Using a qualitative research design, this paper offers insights into the challenges facing private investigators and how they reconcile being in a tainted occupation with providing a necessary service to the community.

South African Police Services Officials` Perceptions of Community-Police Relations in Durban, South Africa

olice officers’ views about police-citizen relationships are shaped not only by opportunities to interact with community residents during normal police work but also in part by efforts due to the larger police mission of encouraging and supporting such attitudes. In recent years, police in different countries has shifted from the traditional reactive form of policing towards community-oriented approaches. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore police officers’ views of citizen-police relationships and community policing in Durban, South Africa. A qualitative research approach was adopted, to explore such perceptions in the study area. The findings collected through semi-structured interviews with the South African Police Services personnel suggested that police officer were dissatisfied and at best ambiguous about citizens’ participation in crime prevention activities or support for the police in a township dwelling. However, in a suburban area, the perceptions marked an improvement in their attitudes on various dimensions. These include officers’ views about the overall police mission, increased emphasis on service-oriented policing in contrast to a law enforcement approach, support for community policing, perceived citizens’ willingness to cooperate with the police in crime prevention activities, and decreased cynicism about citizens. These findings suggest confidence in the utility of community policing ideas.

Inside and outside views of the Croatian police

ABSTRACT This paper explores public views about police integrity and contrasts them with the police views about police integrity. It also compares citizen and police officer views about the police. A modified version of the police integrity survey, containing 14 hypothetical vignettes describing various forms of police misconduct, was distributed to both students and police officers in Croatia. The respondents in the study, 1,142 police officers from Croatia and 450 students from the University of Zagreb, shared their views of how serious most police officers would evaluate misconduct, the expected discipline, and whether they would report the described misconduct. The results suggest not only that students expressed less positive views of the police than police officers themselves did, but also that students expressed attitudes associated with somewhat lower integrity than police officers did.

Tolerance for domestic violence: do legislation and organizational support affect police view on family violence?

ABSTRACT Police attitudes toward domestic violence are essential occupational outlooks that can potentially shape police response to such violence. Studies on Chinese officers’ attitudes toward domestic violence are scarce even after the enactment of the Counter Domestic Violence Law (the DV Law) in China in 2016. Drawing upon survey data collected from 1,139 police officers from three provinces (Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangsu) in China, this study examined the effect of the DV Law, organizational support in policing DV, and regional differences on police officers’ tolerance for DV. The results showed that officers’ familiarity with the DV Law and supervisory support in policing DV reduced officers’ tolerance for DV, while agency training in handling DV cases enhanced police tolerance for DV. Regional differences were presented with Hubei officers being less tolerant of DV than Jiangsu officers. Policy implications are discussed.

Homegrown Views? Exploring Immigrant and Racialized People’s Perceptions of Police in Canada

When compared to studies examining racialized people’s perceptions of police in North America, studies of immigrants’ views of police are quite rare and they often conflate the views of immigrants with those of racialized people. Yet, we know racialized people are not necessarily immigrants and immigrants are not necessarily racialized. Research that distinguishes immigrant status from racialized status has found important differences based on immigrant vs. native-born status, country of origin, and length of settlement. This research builds on these findings by specifically considering the relative influence of universal and immigrant-specific factors that may shape within-group views of police. Using the 2014 General Social Survey, variations in views of police among South Asians – Canada’s largest racialized group – are explored by whether they were born in Canada, immigrated recently, or had long settled within Canada. Our findings suggest that traditional measures – or the universal factors – used to assess perceptions of police may not explain immigrants’ views in the same way that they do for native-born individuals, and that immigrants’ views of police may be shaped in ways that are, as of yet, unaccounted for in the literature.

Exceptional Injustice: Facebook as a Reflection of Race- and Gender-Based Narratives Following the Death of George Floyd

Following the death of George Floyd, Facebook posts about the Black Lives Matter movement (BLM) surged, creating the opportunity to examine reactions by race and sex. This study employed a two-part mixed methods approach beginning with an analysis of posts from a single college student’s Facebook newsfeed over a 12-week period, commencing on the date of George Floyd’s death (25 May 2020). A triangulation protocol enhanced exploratory observational–archival Facebook posts with qualitative data from 24 Black and White college students queried about their views of BLM and policing. The Facebook data revealed that White males, who were the least active in posting about BLM, were most likely to criticize BLM protests. They also believed incidents of police brutality were exceptions that tainted an otherwise commendable profession. In contrast, Black individuals commonly saw the case of George Floyd as consistent with a longstanding pattern of injustice that takes an emotional toll, and as an egregious exemplification of racism that calls for indictment of the status quo. The exploratory data in this article also illustrate how even for a cause célèbre, attention on Facebook ebbs over time. This phenomenon obscures the urgency of effecting change, especially for persons whose understanding of racism is influenced by its coverage on social media. The need to recognize the divergence of views—how they vary by sex and race and their connection to social media—remains critical for progress in determining the best steps forward in race relations and police reform.

Perceptions of police use of force: the importance of trust

PurposeThe range of tactical force options available to police is increasing, while public debate about police use of force is never far from the headlines. This paper aims to examine what factors shape how people accept police use of force.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use two online experiments to test whether different force options affected judgments about the acceptability of police action and to explore the role of trust and legitimacy in people's judgments.FindingsThe authors found across both studies that respondents judged scenarios involving a weapon (baton, CS spray, Taser) as less acceptable compared to scenarios that did not (talking down, handcuffs), but they did not draw much distinction between the specific weapon used. In study 1, exposure to different police tactics had no effect on trust and legitimacy. In study 2, prior perceptions of trust were strong predictors of acceptability judgments.Originality/valueThere is a comparative paucity of British-based empirical research examining public attitudes toward different use of force resolutions by police. In this paper, the authors explore how use of force affects people's views of police at a time in which the nature and scope of force applications, how these are understood and indeed the basic enterprise of policing itself is being reconsidered and renegotiated.

Police supervisor attitudes toward organizational change

ABSTRACT Organizational change is necessary and inevitable in any organization, and is an important element of police reform. Research has demonstrated that attitudes of officers, supervisors, and administrators influence the longitudinal effectiveness of organizational change initiatives. Supervisors play a critical role in filtering messages and ensuring fidelity of initiatives at the street level. In this way, they are key actors in shaping change outcomes and their overall views of change might serve as a lynchpin for success. This study explores how previous experiences shape the attitudes of the supervisors toward the overall idea of change. Using survey data from a nationwide group of police supervisors attending the FBI National Academy program in 2009–2010, the study explores the effects of change experiences, organizational variables, and respondent demographics on views of organizational change. Results suggest that attitudes toward change align with other aspects of supervisors’ views of policing, as well as their past experiences with change efforts themselves. The findings have implications for efforts to change and reform police organizations and operations.