Individual Views Research Articles

Indywidualność osoby jako źródło radzenia sobie z niepewnością i ryzykiem . Refleksja nad koncepcją indywidualności Jana Szczepańskiego w nawiązaniu do współczesnych technik uważności

The paper attempts to answer the question: how could human individuality be a resource making it possible to cope with the experience of feeling uncertainty and risk? Jan Szczepański’s idea of individuality defines the structure and functions of that dimension of the human condition. It tries to explain the sense of man’s inner world and their reflexivity in struggling with the negative consequences due to the social organisation of collective life. An analytic view of individuality included in this concept allows for revealing the emergency nature of personal identity affected by dialogue between the inner world and the internalised outside world. The discussed concept might increase the attempt to synthesise it with the vision of mindfulness. The effect of it is a unique underlining role of loneliness in the individual process of human development and captures the moral character of individuality (hipo-egoic phenomena).

Drug assumption and awareness about adverse drug reactions. The right to know. The case of the bone-modyfing agents: a systematic review.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction that affects the mandible and maxilla of patients exposed to BMA and AA therapies, causing the progressive destruction and death of bone. To date, oral health preventive measures remain the most effective strategy to reduce MRONJ incidence, and, in this sense, the major goal is to diagnose, treat, and eradicate any oral diseases that could compromise oral health. The present systematic review aims to investigate the awareness of MRONJ among patients assuming BMAs. A systematic literature search was performed, selecting studies that concern the awareness of patients of the risk of MRONJ. Six studies were included in this review. In total, 483 patients were evaluated. Of the 483 included patients, 391 were not aware of the possibility of MRONJ onset (391/483, 81%) and 92 were aware of it (92/483, 19%). The problem of patient's lack of awareness with respect to MRONJ risk presents different layers of complexity ("what?", "who?", "where?", "when?" and "why?"). Among its causal factors, there are an inadequate level of communication with patients and the lack of collaboration between healthcare professionals, which is related to an individualistic view of liability and deontological duties. MRONJ is a drug adverse reaction that can greatly affect the quality of life of patients if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Therefore, patients must be fully aware of the risks of adverse and the importance of preventive measures, which imply effective and exhaustive communication by each member of the multidisciplinary team. Effective teamwork and collaborative care should be promoted to positively impact patients' awareness.

Reasons for the persistence of individualistic views and motives underlying criminal behavior in the USSR

Reasons for the persistence of individualistic views and motives underlying criminal behavior in the USSR

L-VSM: Label-Driven View-Specific Fusion for Multiview Multilabel Classification.

In the task of multiview multilabel (MVML) classification, each instance is represented by several heterogeneous features and associated with multiple semantic labels. Existing MVML methods mainly focus on leveraging the shared subspace to comprehensively explore multiview consensus information across different views, while it is still an open problem whether such shared subspace representation is effective to characterize all relevant labels when formulating a desired MVML model. In this article, we propose a novel label-driven view-specific fusion MVML method named L-VSM, which bypasses seeking for a shared subspace representation and instead directly encodes the feature representation of each individual view to contribute to the final multilabel classifier induction. Specifically, we first design a label-driven feature graph construction strategy and construct all instances under various feature representations into the corresponding feature graphs. Then, these view-specific feature graphs are integrated into a unified graph by linking the different feature representations within each instance. Afterward, we adopt a graph attention mechanism to aggregate and update all feature nodes on the unified graph to generate structural representations for each instance, where both intraview correlations and interview alignments are jointly encoded to discover the underlying consensuses and complementarities across different views. Moreover, to explore the widespread label correlations in multilabel learning (MLL), the transformer architecture is introduced to construct a dynamic semantic-aware label graph and accordingly generate structural semantic representations for each specific class. Finally, we derive an instance-label affinity score for each instance by averaging the affinity scores of its different feature representations with the multilabel soft margin loss. Extensive experiments on various MVML applications have verified that our proposed L-VSM has achieved superior performance against state-of-the-art methods. The codes are available at https://gengyulyu.github.io/homepage/assets/codes/LVSM.zip.

Pengaruh Manajemen Bakat dan Pengetahuan terhadap Kinerja dan Komitmen Karyawan dalam Perusahaan

This study focuses on the key roles played by talent management and knowledge management in improving employee performance, with employee engagement as the mediator variable. Talent management practices, which include career planning, incentives, and organizational support, were found to have a significant influence on employee performance. The main recommendation is to strengthen talent management practices by placing more emphasis on internal talent identification and development, as well as more structured career development programs. Although knowledge management does not have a significant direct influence on employee performance, this study emphasizes the importance of evaluating knowledge management practices. The research uses a quantitative descriptive method. Descriptive methods are used to collect data that can test hypotheses or provide answers to questions related to individual views on certain issues or topics. This method is used to describe and analyze data obtained from respondents in the context of talent management, knowledge management, and its relationship with employee performance and employee engagement. Efforts should be focused on effective knowledge collection, storage and distribution to ensure operational efficiency and continuous employee development. The research then recommends training employees in knowledge management. This will help improve employees' ability to manage and access relevant knowledge, which in turn will improve work efficiency. It is important to note that companies should adopt a proactive approach in regular monitoring and evaluation of factors that affect employee performance. As such, they can identify changes in organizational dynamics and adjust their strategies accordingly. This research provides valuable insights for companies in optimizing employee performance and meeting increasingly complex market demands.

On the issue of procedural legal advocation of a civil plaintiff in criminal proceedings: doctrine and practical problems, ways to overcome them

The issue of the procedural status of a civil plaintiff in criminal proceedings and the issue of a person’s right to compensation for damage caused by a criminal offense has always been in the center of attention of lawyers - academics and practicing practitioners. The relevance of the chosen topic and the purpose of the research is due to certain doctrinal and practical gaps in the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, as well as contradictions between the norms of criminal procedural law, civil procedural law, and the provisions of inheritance law, which arise in the conditions of criminal proceedings, and are caused by death (or the condition, which makes it impossible to participate) of the injured person, who is a civil plaintiff in a civil claim for damages, at the stage of pre-trial and judicial criminal proceedings. Taking into account the set goal of criminal proceedings, which consists, among other things, in compensating the injured person for the moral and (or) property damage caused to him by a criminal offense, in this article the author not only analyzes individual scientific views and examines the relevant legal norms regulating procedural procedure of criminal legal succession, however, attention is emphasized and own proposals are made to improve the legal mechanism of legal succession of a participant in criminal proceedings, such as a civil plaintiff in a civil claim for damages presented in criminal proceedings. In conducting scientific research, the author used the formal-logical (dogmatic) method in interpreting the normative content of laws and formulating the definitions of individual legal concepts of the research issues, as well as the method of systemic-structural analysis, which contributed to the study of types of legal conflicts and gaps. Based on the results of the scientific research, the author outlined separate doctrinal and practical problems of the studied issue, and outlined the conclusions regarding the need to improve the current version of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and clarify the procedural rights of the civil plaintiff during procedural succession in criminal proceedings, by adding a new article to the Criminal Procedure Law, and made suggestions to the specified edition.

Active oxygen in home bleaching. Clinical observation

Perception of the surrounding world is a subjective point of view of a single individual. Despite the multicomponent nature of the factors that determine the attitude to a particular opponent, his appearance, in particular the condition of the dentoalveolar determines the overall prognosis for further interaction. Thus, the aesthetic component, in particular the condition of the lower third of the face, plays a decisive role in assessing a person’s appearance. One of the defining tasks of aesthetic dentistry today is the development of effective and safe methods of teeth whitening. There are numerous “office” and home technologies for carrying out this procedure. The greatest interest is home bleaching, as a way to reduce the financial and time costs of patients. In addition, according to a number of studies, performing a “home ritual” contributes to greater awareness of patients about the need to monitor high-quality individual oral hygiene, which is the main component in the prevention of diseases of the oropharyngeal region. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of existing medicinal compositions for home bleaching. Materials and methods: on the basis of PMFI, 126 patients dissatisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the dentition participated in the study, who were divided into 4 groups: 1st — 53 patients with A2 color; 2nd — 36 with B2 color; 3rd — 17 with B1 color; 4th — 20 with color B2. All subjects before the course of maintenance therapy were home bleaching for 14 days using ACTIVE OXYGEN components, after which, according to the design of the study, the proposed algorithm was performed, differing according to the division into groups, to maintain the result obtained. The evaluation criteria were — fixation of indicators according to the Vita scale on the 7th, 14th day and after 1 month. The sensitivity indicators of the dentition were also evaluated using the Schiff scale. Results: a stable result was obtained in all groups, by the 14th day of observation in 6 patients of group 1, when determining the color of the dentition on the Vita scale, the color changed to A1, in 4 patients of group 2, the color changed to B1, in group 4, 10 patients had discoloritis with a color change to A2, which it was a negative trend in the absence of the use of additional individual hygiene products. Conclusions. The use of home supportive personal hygiene products with bleaching action is a necessary condition for maintaining the result, especially in patients with bad habits and non-compliance with the “white” diet in the long term.

THE THIRD AGE UNIVERSITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF АCTIVE AGEING CONCEPT

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of the development of the Third Age Universities (U3As) system as realization of the lifelong learning strategy in the rapid aging world. The U3As are spreading widely around the world, and has a huge perspective and demand in Ukraine, considering that, according to a WHO study, Ukraine ranks first in the world in the prevalence of depression among people including seniors. It is noted that creating of the Third Age Universities is based on the concept of active ageing that is helping people stay in charge of their own lives for as long as possible as they age and, where possible, to contribute to the economy and society; it is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security for the elderly. «Active» means continuing participation in social, economic, cultural, spiritual and civic affairs, not just physically activeness or participation in the labour force. The article outlines that the U3As are important to eliminate loneliness prevent isolation and falling into a depression for the elderly, to improve their quality of life. The latest includes socio-economic side that is primarily the material conditions of life, standards of health and social services, participating in cultural and social life of the community (museums, universities, libraries, and sports) and educational opportunities; the second side is psychological conceptualization of quality of life that is some individual view to satisfaction or dissatisfaction with life. The author analyses the dominant U3A models adopted, the French and British approaches. The original French model required U3As to be associated with traditional university systems; in contrast the British model is largely of a self-help kind with little or no support from external sources. Analysis of the world practice has shown that the development of U3As depends largely on governments and public institutions at the national, regional and local levels ensuring the sustainability of the U3As. This work has three dimensions that have proved their effective results: the law and regulations for elderly education, financial injection for elderly education from the government, implementation of the efficient management and coordination means.
 Key words: lifelong learning; the Third Age University; seniors; the elderly; active ageing; adult education.

Professional Socialization of Future Economists by Means of Social Networks

The modern world is going through a digital revolution, and social networks are an important part of this process. They become an important tool for communication, information exchange and joint learning. Studying the issue of professional socialization of future economists by means of social networks is relevant and important for adapting education to the needs of the modern world and training competitive specialists. The purpose of the study is to establish the extent of social networks contributing to socialization and cooperation between students, teachers and specialists in the field of economics. Methods. The analytical method and generalization are used an article. Results. As a result of the research, it has been possible to consider and highlight the key aspects of this topic. It has been discovered how social networks influence the process of future economists’ professional socialization, as well as the opportunities which they provide for communication and information exchange in this area. As a result of the study, it has been also found that social networks facilitate cooperation between students, teachers and in-service specialists in the field of economics. The methods and tools which are used in social networks for future economists’ professional socialization are highlighted in the article. It has been also studied how the use of social networks affects the professional development of students of economic specialties. The advantages and disadvantages of using social networks in the professional socialization of future economists are analysed in the article. As part of the research, a survey of economics students has been also conducted regarding the benefits of using social networks and modern technologies in the process of professional adaptation. Conclusions. As a result of the survey, it was found that modern information technologies and social networks play an important role in the professional socialization of economics students. However, the degree of their use and benefit from them may vary depending on the individual views and needs of each individual student. The results of the research can be used to improve teaching methods and create a favourable environment for professional socialization of students. The authors make a conclusion that social networks play a significant role in the professional socialization of future economists, but their use requires careful planning and attention to possible limitations and risks. The final line of the article is that future researchers should pay attention to studying how social networks are used in different sectors of the economy, including business, finance, marketing, analytics, and their differences.

Why People May View Online Crimes as Less Criminal: Exploring the Perception of Cybercrime

This qualitative research explores the perceptions of cybercrime among adults and investigates the factors influencing their potential motivations for participating in online activities that could be deemed illegal or criminal. The study involved panel discussions with master's students from diverse international backgrounds at the University of Tehran. Thematic analysis was utilized to examine the opinions and justifications presented by the participants. The primary objective of this article is to shed light on the ways in which people conceptualize online crimes and rationalize their involvement in illegal online activities, such as illegal downloads and online bullying. The findings contribute to a more profound comprehension of how individuals view cybercrimes, which, in turn, can offer valuable insights for developing targeted educational programs, interventions, and legal frameworks to effectively address this issue.

Using GENFI participant engagement to inform observational research and clinical trials

AbstractBackgroundIt is vital that we include the views of individuals with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and their families in the design of clinical trials. This study aims to establish what types of trials and treatments individuals with familial FTD would like to participate in.Methods135 participants from the GENFI cohort of at‐risk genetic FTD family members (34% of whom were known mutation carriers) completed a structured online questionnaire about clinical trials via Qualtrics. There was a total of 27 questions with a mix of multiple choice and free text questions. Topics included willingness to participate, understanding about likely proximity to symptom onset, and willingness to undertake different methods of therapeutic drug delivery including gene therapies.Results54% of individuals were definitely willing to participate in clinical trials with 39% stating it would depend on what the specific trial involved. Only 6% said they would not take part in a trial. The presence of a placebo group was a factor in trial participation with 31% stating they would decline to take part if there was a chance they did not receive the active drug. In light of a recent study suggesting plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) may be a marker of proximity to symptom onset, we asked people if they would be willing to find out their NfL level as part of the trial, and 85% said they would. Most individuals said they would be willing to have IV infusions or lumbar punctures as part of the trial, although this did depend on the frequency with which they were required. For trials where drug administration would require more invasive measures, e.g. injections directly into the cisterna magna or the brain itself, only about 50% of people said they would be willing to take part. Lastly, if participation in a gene therapy trial precluded an individual from participating in future studies, only 30% said they would definitely consider being involved.ConclusionsObservational studies and clinical trials are designed to make a difference to people’s lives, and it is important to consider patients and family members throughout the development pipeline of treatments.

Does the implementation of self-administration policies for insulin improve patient safety in the hospital inpatient setting? A scoping review

Abstract Introduction Self-administration schemes can have significant impact on a patient’s management and treatment of specific diseases. Implementing the self-administration of insulin for inpatients is believed to increase patient’s knowledge, understanding, independence and confidence regarding medication to improve outcomes. This study identifies the limited knowledge and access to self-administration schemes for diabetes. Aim The aim of this scoping review is to collect and review relevant literature surrounding inpatient insulin self-administration schemes and to identify the impact this scheme has on knowledge, confidence, independence, satisfaction, costs and workload for patients, hospitals and staff. This scoping review further aims to highlight the reported limitations regarding self-administration and identify the potential gaps in the evidence-base. Methods Keywords were searched on MEDLINE (1946 to October Week 4 2022), EMBASE (1974 to 2022 Week 43), Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Google Scholar from October 6th, 2022, to November 8th, 2022. The title, abstract and citations were initially screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included literature was then screened by a second reviewer. The identified literature described and evaluated inpatient insulin self-administration schemes and summarised according to author and study design. This scoping review did not require ethical approval as it was including information and studies freely available for public domain. Newcastle University Pharmacy Department. Results Among the 1,159 literature sources identified, 16 literature sources were included in the scoping review. A systematic review and meta-analysis was initially considered but yielded due to the heterogeneity of literature in study design. Nine quantitative and seven qualitative studies assessed individual patient and staff views. They were assessed in ranging time frames up to eight months. Literature evaluated the knowledge, understanding and compliance of patients relating to administration and drug regimens which were measured via questionnaires and interviews. Studies identified short-term costs to outweigh long-term benefits. The majority of patients and staff were significantly satisfied with the implementation of self-administration schemes. Discussion/Conclusion The implementation of insulin self-administration schemes for inpatients has shown to support patient health and safety, increasing knowledge and compliance. Literature continues to identify the need for extra support and maintenance from healthcare professionals to control diabetes. Self-administration schemes may continue to advance with increased support and engagement. Study limitations were identified to further acknowledged the advancements in time frames, support and sample size and selection for participants, supporting the advancements in self-administration schemes.

TASAWUF DALAM ERA DIGITAL

Sufism, as one of the branches in Islamic tradition, plays a significant role in maintaining individual spiritual awareness. However, with the rapid advancement of digital technology, we find ourselves amidst a constant flow of information and distractions. The purpose of this research is to explore how Sufism can play a relevant role in this digital era to assist individuals in preserving their spiritual awareness. Additionally, this article highlights the importance of Sufism education in the digital era. This article involves conceptual analysis and literature review on Sufism and the impact of digital technology on spiritual awareness. The research findings indicate that the unavoidable technological wave can pose significant challenges for individuals who seek to maintain their spiritual awareness. Distortions of spiritual experiences, neglect of ethical values, and dependence on the virtual world can obscure the understanding and practice of Sufism. However, Sufism also offers relevant and beneficial tools to confront these challenges. Practices such as meditation, introspection, and self-control can assist individuals in strengthening their spiritual awareness in the digital era. Furthermore, a Sufi approach centered on the relationship with God and universal love can help individuals view technology as a tool that can be wisely utilized to enhance spiritual awareness, rather than a source of distraction.

Environmental Decision-Making in Times of Polarization

Polarization in the United States and around the world is of growing concern. Polarization is about more than just differences in opinions in society. It occurs when groups increasingly diverge in either actual or perceived differences in opinion and can involve both disagreements about issues and negative views of other groups. Since most environmental problems are collective action problems, polarization may interfere with the kinds of deliberation and collaborations needed for effective environmental decision-making. In this review, we examine how polarization influences environmental decision-making and what strategies could be useful for preventing or reducing the negative consequences of polarization. Evidence about the extent of polarization among citizens suggests the current situation may be less severe than is sometimes assumed. The coevolution of individual views, network interactions, and social media that cause polarization is complex and subject to rapid change. However, there are interventions that seem to be effective at reducing polarization.

Analyzing the Relationship Between Individual Time Management Skills and Business Attitude of Sports Science Students

Abstract Individual time management skills and a business approach are two fundamental abilities required for success in any life. The goal of this study is to look at the connection between the individual time management skills and business attitudes of sports science students. The quantitative, descriptive study used structural equation modelling (SEM) as its methodology. Students from Tabriz city’s physical education and sports sciences departments helped collect the data. IBM® SPSS® AmosTM 23 was used to process the results of the study for model and hypothesis testing. This findings revealed a substantial relationship between individual time management abilities and business views of 126 students. Other research hypotheses examining the relationship between the business attitude and its constituent elements were similarly supported. According to the findings, prioritizing the notion of planning in personal and business life is one of the most effective time management approaches, and students should educate themselves concerning time management and business attitude.

Language Attitudes and Multilingualism: Perceptions of Native and Non-Native Accents in Multilingual Communities

This research explores into the complex interplay between demographics, language preferences, and how an audience interprets an accent in multilingual communities. Our study employed a quantitative methodology to examine how receptive individuals of three age groups were to linguistic variety. The purpose of the research was to learn more about the linguistic diversity present in these active groups. Our findings add significantly to the body of knowledge on this subject. The study's results highlight the importance of age in influencing linguistic attitudes in bilingual and multilingual contexts. It is important to note that younger generations have generally more positive attitudes regarding dominant or prominent languages associated to modern trends and global communication. On the other hand, older people tend to have a deep love for their native tongue and regional identity. The aforementioned generational differences underscore the dynamic nature of linguistic attitudes and emphasize the role of age-related sociolinguistic factors in shaping individuals' linguistic preferences and connections. Curiously, in multilingual societies, age does not have a major role in how an accent is perceived. This research provides new insight into how people of varying ages respond to and interact with speakers with a variety of accents. Exposure to a variety of languages, individual views about language, and the effects of being multilingual all contribute to the development of adaptability. Potential implications for promoting linguistic diversity, easing cross-cultural communication, and creating welcoming environments that encourage contact among people of different language backgrounds are shown by this study's findings.

In God We Distrust: Christian Nationalism and Anti‐Atheist Attitude

AbstractPrior research found that Christian nationalism, a belief that integrates Christian identity with American national identity, was associated with more negative views toward marginalized groups, such as religious minorities. Relatively less known is the relationship between Christian nationalism and attitudes toward atheists. Specifically, even less is known about whether or not Christian nationalism that is above individuals at the macro, geographic level may influence individual views of atheists. Using nationally representative multilevel data, this study found that higher individual Christian nationalism was associated with more negative views toward atheists. No robust state‐level Christian nationalism influence was found for anti‐atheist attitude. However, Blacks, relative to Whites, were less likely to view atheists negatively in states where Christian nationalism was higher. Meanwhile, in states where Christian nationalism was higher, Black Protestants were less prejudiced against atheists compared to Evangelical Protestants.

African ʿAjamī Library Project: A Ten-Year Retrospective

Abstract This article provides an in-depth look at the past ten years of the African ʿAjamī Library project, founded and led by Dr. Fallou Ngom, Professor of Anthropology and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University, with the goal to serve as a digital continental open access public repository of aggregated digitized ʿAjamī texts from non-Europhone Africa. With over 31,400 pages of manuscripts – hosted at Boston University’s institutional repository, OpenBU – the African ʿAjamī Library has had over half a million individual views and downloads to-date. The article examines the types of manuscripts digitized; manuscript impact, visibility and usage; fieldwork locations and methodologies; the importance of local project teams and partnerships, and what the next ten years might look like for this project.

Low-Rank Tensor Learning for Incomplete Multiview Clustering

Incomplete multiview clustering (IMVC) is an effective way to identify the underlying structure of incomplete multiview data. Most existing algorithms based on matrix factorization, graph learning or subspace learning have at least one of the following limitations: (1) the global and local structures of high-dimensional data are not effectively explored simultaneously; (2) the high-order correlations among multiple views are ignored. In this paper, we propose a low-rank tensor learning (LRTL) method that learns a consensus low-dimensional embedding matrix for IMVC. We first take advantage of the self-expressiveness property of high-dimensional data to construct sparse similarity matrices for individual views under low-rank and sparsity constraints. Individual low-dimensional embedding matrices can be obtained from the sparse similarity matrices using spectral embedding techniques. This approach simultaneously explores the global and local structures of incomplete multiview data. Then, we present a multiview embedding matrix fusion model that incorporates individual low-dimensional embedding matrices into a third-norm tensor to achieve a consensus low-dimensional embedding matrix. The fusion model exploits complementary information by finding the high-order correlations among multiple views. In addition, the computational cost of an improved fusion strategy is dramatically reduced. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LRTL method outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches.

BOTANICAL RESULTS OF THE 6<sup>TH</sup> WEST HIMALAYAN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOGEOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION TO THE INDUS AND GANGES INTERFLUVE

The article presents some scientific results of the 6th Western Himalayan Interdisciplinary Biogeographical Expedition of the St. Petersburg Union of Scientists. The flora and vegetation types of the central part, north-east, east and south-east of Himachal Pradesh state (India) were studied. The expedition participants studied plants at altitudes from 200 to 4600 meters. The difficult terrain, the variety of combinations of rocks, soil types, as well as abrupt changes in meso- and microclimatic conditions significantly influenced the nature of vegetation and the composition of flora, the definition of phytocenotic boundaries, the search for rare plants and the clarification of their ecology. Attention was also paid to cultivated component in plant communities. The article, based on the professional interests and individual view of each of the authors, briefly represents the diversity of vegetation along a route of almost 2000 km, passing through all the vertical zonality of the Western Himalayan biogeographical province.