Provinces In Vietnam Research Articles

Improving Acacia smallholder plantation value chains in Thừa Thien Huế cooperative alliance, Vietnam

Acacia plantations in Vietnam have an important role in supplying the wood processing industry and generating income for small-scale forest owners. However, it is proving difficult to improve their incomes and reduce the vulnerabilities inherent to current production systems. To address this situation, a quantitative and qualitative value chain analysis was undertaken to understand the products and profits from small-scale Acacia plantations in Thừa Thiên Huế province in Vietnam. The results show that Acacia plantations are profitable, require low levels of inputs and have a short minimum rotation time of five years. Harvesting and transport costs account for a large proportion of total production costs. Traders play an important role in linking producers and processors. Most of the pro- ducts traded are Acacia logs for chipping and processing into other products and for saw-wood to produce timber for carpentry and domestic uses. Acacia logs with larger diameters of over 15 cm have a higher added value for wood processing companies producing furniture for export. Vulnerabilities include the highly fragmented value chain with little coordination and few information exchange mechanisms, and differences between ethnic groups that suggest a need for culturally sensitive intervention on value chains. Different options to increase profits – particularly for smallholder plantation owners – include product diversification, chain integration, and increased production to achieve efficiencies of scale.

Strengthening primary health care through integration of non-communicable disease services: Insights from the abundant health model in Vietnam

ABSTRACT Vietnam is aging rapidly, leading to a substantial rise in morbidity and mortality associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Despite the Government’s 2015 NCD care and management guidelines, there was no practical implementation. From 2018 to 2020, the Abundant Health (AH) model was introduced to enhance the screening and management of hypertension and diabetes at community health stations (CHSs). This study explores the potential for scaling up this model to other provinces in Vietnam and identifying structural enabling factors and challenges based on the model’s lessons learned. The study was conducted in five provinces of Vietnam, using a mixed methods approach of desk review, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a survey. Intervention feasibility and acceptability were evaluated using the framework developed by Gadke et al., with a scale of 5 points indicating the highest rating for upscaling the AH model. The sample comprised 164 healthcare providers, 5 group discussions, and 14 focus group discussions. The overall statistical value for Cronbach’s alpha was 0.87, the factor analysis identified 4 factors, and the scale is appropriate for evaluation. The AH model received high average scores for relevance (4.25 over 3 items) and acceptability (4.24 over 4 items). However, feasibility (including suitability and affordability) obtained a lower score (3.65 over 7 items), with primary concerns regarding the availability of local funding for activities (3.04) and the adequacy of equipment and medicines at CHSs (3.08). Enabling factors for delivering quality NCD services at the primary level included strong government commitment to NCD management at the grassroots health level and high community demand for quality NCD management and continuum services. The most significant barriers identified were the scarcity of physicians at CHSs and high staff turnover. The AH model, which encompasses screening, management, and treatment of hypertension and diabetes at CHSs, has demonstrated feasibility and potential for upscaling in Vietnam. Moreover, this model can be adopted in other low- and middle-income countries.

Association of green tea consumption with prediabetes, diabetes and markers of glucose metabolism in rural Vietnam: a cross-sectional study.

The literature on green tea consumption and glucose metabolism has reported conflicting findings. This cross-sectional study examined the association of green tea consumption with abnormal glucose metabolism among 3000 rural residents aged 40-60 years in Khánh Hòa province in Vietnam. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of green tea consumption (0, < 200, 200-< 400, 400-< 600 or ≥ 600 ml/d) with prediabetes and diabetes (based on the American Diabetes Association criteria). Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association between green tea consumption and the log-transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (a marker of insulin resistance) and the log-transformed homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (a marker of insulin secretion). The OR for prediabetes and diabetes among participants who consumed ≥ 600 ml/d v. those who did not consume green tea were 1·61 (95 % CI = 1·07, 2·42) and 2·04 (95 % CI = 1·07, 3·89), respectively. Higher green tea consumption was associated with a higher level of log-transformed HOMA-IR (Pfor trend = 0·04) but not with a lower level of log-transformed HOMA-β (Pfor trend = 0·75). Higher green tea consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes and insulin resistance in rural Vietnam. The findings of this study indicated prompting the need for further research considering context in understanding the link between green tea consumption and glucose metabolism, especially in rural settings in low- and middle-income countries.

Description of a new species &lt;I&gt;Mallomonas limbata&lt;/I&gt; sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) from water bodies of Vietnam

A new species Mallomonas limbata sp. nov. is described from Vietnam. The description is based on silica-scale morphology studied by means TEM and SEM. The species belongs to the section Planae and has a similar morphology with species from the Mallomonas matvienkoae complex. New species has ovoid scales, narrowed distally, a developed secondary siliceous layer with internal reticulation having rounded meshes, occupying up to 4/5 of the scale surface, with numerous papillae on the surface. Scales of M. limbata were found at twenty-six localities in nine provinces of Vietnam. The distributions and habitat conditions of the new species are summarized.

Traditional knowledge of halophytic species in coastal provinces of Vietnam

Traditional knowledge of halophytic species in coastal provinces of Vietnam

Effectiveness of artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy screening in community in Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in community in Binh Dinh Province in Vietnam. This retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed the DR screening efficacy of EyeArt system v2.0 by analyzing 2332 nonmydriatic digital fundus pictures of 583 diabetic patients from hospitals and health centers in Binh Dinh province. First, we selected thirty patients with 120 digital fundus pictures to perform the Kappa index by two eye doctors who would be responsible for the DR clinical feature evaluation and DR severity scale classification. Second, all digital fundus pictures were coded and then sent to the two above-mentioned eye doctors for the evaluation and classifications according to the International Committee of Ophthalmology's guidelines. Finally, DR severity scales with EyeArt were compared with those by eye doctors as a reference standard for EyeArt's effectiveness. All the data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.0. Values (with confidence interval 95%) of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated according to DR state, referable or not and vision-threatening DR state or not. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The sensitivity and specificity of EyeArt for DR screening were 94.1% and 87.2%. The sensitivity and specificity for referable DR and vision-threatening DR were 96.6%, 90.1%, and 100.0%, 92.2%. Accuracy for DR screening, referable DR, and vision-threatening DR were 88.9%, 91.4%, and 93.0%, respectively. EyeArt AI was effective for DR screening in community.

Identification of spatial clusters and spatial outliers of HIV/AIDS using local Moran’s I statistic

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major global public health issue, having claimed 40.4 million lives so far with ongoing transmission in all countries globally; with some countries reporting increasing trends in new infections when previously on the decline. This study aims to use the local Moran’s I statistic to investigate the spatial clusters and spatial outliers of HIV/AIDS cases 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam in 2017. Methods: The local Moran’s I statistic is first employed to measure spatial auto-correlation between the number of HIV/AIDS cases in each province/city, and then identify the spatial clusters and spatial outliers of HIV/AIDS cases. Spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS clusters and outliers will be mapped with the help of a GIS. Finally, the main findings will be discussed and summarised. Results: High numbers of HIV/AIDS cases were mainly concentrated in the provinces of the north central region, Da Nang and provinces in the south of Vietnam. Low numbers of HIV/AIDS cases were detected in the northeastern provinces, central and southeastern provinces of Vietnam. Specifically, one high-high cluster and six low-low spatial clusters, and four low-high and high-low spatial outliers of HIV/AIDS cases were successfully detected. Whereas, the only high-high spatial cluster was discovered in Binh Duong province with 3598 HIV/AIDS cases. Conclusions: Local Moran’s I statistic can help to effectively identify spatial clusters and spatial outlier of HIV/AIDS. Findings in this study provide an insight into how to use spatial statistics to study the spread of HIV/AIDS.

Leader Social Capital in Real Estate Firms: Evaluation of Respondents

Objective: This article argues that leader social capital in real estate firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces of Vietnam via colleague ingredients needs to be researched. Based on a survey of relevant academic and policy literature, the study presenting assessments of survey subjects for leader social capital in real estate firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces, Vietnam, via colleague ingredients may contribute to improving the business performance of real estate firms. Method: This study used a mix of methods for gathering qualitative and quantitative data. SPSS software is used for quantitative research methods, including assessing the reliability coefficient of the scales through the Cronbach alpha coefficient, EFA analysis, independent T-tests, and ANOVA analysis. Results: Based on our findings, we argue that a leader's social capital via colleague ingredients in real estate firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces, Vietnam, is reliable and meaningful. Additionally, there is no statistically significant difference in the leader's social capital via colleague ingredients in real estate firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces, Vietnam, between respondents with these different family platforms and job positions. Conclusions: Real estate firms should have solutions to enhance leaders' social capital through colleague ingredients, thereby contributing to improving business performance. This study sheds light on the social capital information gaps that, when filled, could help real estate firms reach their full potential by improving leaders' social capital through colleague ingredients.

“Finding peace in God” – faith practices of provincial catholic students in Hanoi

Hanoi is one of the major educational centers of Vietnam. Every year, about 500,000 – 600,000 students come to Hanoi to study at colleges and universities, including provincial Catholic students. They mostly come from the northern provinces of Vietnam where Catholics live in tightly-organized, one could almost say closed, communities organized around the daily practice of their faith. For each individual, the way they express and practice their faith in the city shows that they are searching for the practical meaning that religion brings to their lives in this very different environment. Based on anthropological research and sociological surveys with a target group of provincial Catholic students in Hanoi, this study describes how they construct emergent religious identities in order to cope with unprecedented challenges to their understandings of morality and Catholic personhood. This article focuses on understanding the shift in faith practice of provincial Catholic students in Hanoi, the debates within the student community around the core issues of faith and sin, the general tolerance for behaviors -their own and others- that would not be possible in village life. Above all, it descibes, how they reach God in ways compatible with these challenging new expetiences.

Statistics on Typhoon Intensity and Rice Damage in Vietnam and the Philippines

Typhoons are destructive multi-hazard events. To assess the relationship between typhoon intensity and agricultural loss, there is a need for accurate and standardized information on loss and damage, which is currently lacking. To address this, a database for Vietnam and the Philippines was created to provide aggregated information on the magnitude of rice damage and to highlight the rice-growing areas which were prone to being damaged by typhoons. Our study period was from 1970 to 2018, and we focused on Vietnam and the Philippines as these two countries experience frequent and intense typhoons. As different crops respond differently to wind and rain, we limit our research to a single crop. In this study, we focused on rice as it is a major staple food in Southeast Asia, and rice fields were often damaged by typhoons in the two countries. Of the 829 typhoon events recorded, only 15% of the events resulted in rice damage. The average area of rice damaged per typhoon event ranged from 42,407 ha in Vietnam to 83,571 ha in the Philippines. Meanwhile, the average production loss per typhoon event ranged from 190,227 metric tonnes in the Philippines to 539,150 metric tonnes in Vietnam. The monetary value of rice crops lost was only reported in the Philippines, and this amounted to an average of US$ 42 million per typhoon event. There was a weak relationship between landfall wind speed and the three indicators of rice damage, which suggests that rice damage was not primarily due to strong winds. Our results showed that the rice fields in the coastal provinces of Vietnam and the northern parts of the Philippines were more vulnerable to being damaged by typhoons.

Community-based ecotourism for sustainability: An evaluative analysis of Binh Son district, Quang Ngai province in Vietnam

Community-based ecotourism (CBE) has been adopted for the preservation and restoration of the ecosystem in the four local communities in Binh Son district of Quang Ngai province in Vietnam. This study investigates the causal links that exist between socioeconomic development, the protection of biodiversity, environment and natural resources, and the institutional responses necessary for successful CBE development. In order to understand the complexities of the CBE model and how the stakeholders engaged in the CBE at local communities, a mix of the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis and Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was employed for qualitative and quantitative data analysis using key informant interviews and household surveys. The study findings include important implications for both policy and management for promoting the sustainable growth of ecotourism in the region. Regarding theoretical contribution, various challenges to sustainably developing CBE have been identified while a DPSIR conceptual framework is proposed to assist future research in CBE in this area.

Screening for Hypertension in Adults of a Northern Delta Province in Vietnam.

The proportion of people with hypertension is increasing, and those affected are relatively younger. Worldwide, it is estimated that people with high blood pressure are more than 1.5 billion people. In Vietnam, from 2002 to 2008, according to a national survey on hypertension and its risk factors within the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease program, the prevalence of hypertension was 25.1%. This is alarming because high blood pressure can cause serious complications, including death. The study aimed to explore the blood pressure characteristics and hypertension prevalence in adults in a northern delta province of Vietnam, and describe some risk factors in hypertensive subjects screened through the program. This was a cross-sectional study collecting data from people aged 18 years or older in 10 cantons and the city of Nam Dinh from July 15th to July 31st, 2020. Using semi-automatic OMRON sphygmomanometers, sitting blood pressure was measured three times according to standardized methods specified by the Ministry of Health and two National Vascular Societies. Blood pressure screening of 183,632 adults included 84,438 males, which accounted for 45.98%, with an average age of 60.36 ± 13.18 years. The estimated prevalence of hypertension was 27.20% (95% CI: 27.00% - 27.41%). The older the age, the higher the rate of hypertension in both sexes; the prevalence of hypertension over 65 years was 45.36%. Hypertension grade 1 accounted for 17.14%, followed by hypertension at grade 2 at 6.69%, and grade 3 at 1.15%; notably, the percentage of prehypertension accounted for 49.64%. The percentage of treated hypertension in Nam Dinh province was 56.85%, but the percentage of uncontrolled hypertension was 85.63%. The prevalence of hypertension in Nam Dinh province was relatively high (27.20%), although the number of treated patients was also high (56.85%); moreover, the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension remained extremely high (85.63%). Local campaigns and suitable interventions are required to detect hypertension in the early stages and increase awareness for treatment in the population.

Factors affecting legal services' quality: The case of an emerging economy

Vietnam is a rapidly developing country associated with changes in socio-economic activities, especially both public and private services. The service industry is making a practical contribution to economic growth and is gaining a great position. To help a society develop harmoniously, the economy must satisfy people's ability to access services, especially basic services such as education, healthcare, legality, transportation, security and safety. The aims of the study are to estimate factors affecting legal service quality, and based on the survey in three provinces in Vietnam: Lam Dong, Dak Lak, Gia Lai and through quantitative analysis, the research results show that there are five factors that positively affect service quality, which are: (1) government; (2) head of the unit; ⁠(3) influencer; (4) opinions of people around; and (5) organizations and individuals providing services. The research results also discuss some solutions to increase service quality and sustainable development of Vietnam in the coming time.

Identification of a Nephropathogenic Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Some Northern Provinces in Vietnam

Identification of a Nephropathogenic Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Some Northern Provinces in Vietnam

Factors affecting marketing on sustainable tourism development in the coastal provinces of Vietnam

The article "Marketing factors affecting sustainable tourism development in Vietnam's coastal provinces" focuses on researching the role of Marketing in promoting sustainable tourism in Vietnam's coastal provinces. The study aims to identify and evaluate the impact of marketing factors such as tourism products, prices, distribution channels, marketing communications, people, processes and physical evidence on the sustainable development of the industry travel in this area. Through the use of primary and secondary data collection methods, along with descriptive statistical analysis techniques, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression analysis, the study has clarify the current status of sustainable tourism development in Vietnam's coastal provinces and point out marketing factors that have a significant influence on this process. Based on the research results, the article proposes practical recommendations for tourism managers and businesses to orient and optimize marketing activities to promote sustainable tourism. At the same time, the article also frankly points out the limitations of the research and opens up new research directions for the future.

Insight into heavy metal chemical fractions in ash collected from municipal and industrial waste incinerators in northern Vietnam.

This investigation involved the collection of fly ash and bottom ash specimens from seven waste incinerators situated in the northern provinces of Vietnam, aimed at assessing the composition and distribution patterns of five chemical fractions of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, As, Cd Cu, and Zn) present in incinerator waste ash. The outcomes reveal that fly ash exhibited a relatively elevated concentration of industrial waste metals (25-66%) such as As, Cd, and Pb primarily in exchangeable (F1) and carbonate fractions (F2), which are mobile forms susceptible to environmental dissolution and consequential bioaccumulation posing health risks to humans. The predominant states of the metals Cr, Cu, and Zn were identified as residual, Fe-Mn oxide, and carbonate, respectively, with their relative proportions showing minimal variation. Conversely, heavy metals were predominantly present in residual residue and Fe-Mn bound form (F3) in bottom ash derived from both residential and commercial waste incineration operations. The non-carcinogenic hazard indices (HI) associated with the examined metals, ranked for both adults and children, were as follows: Pb > Cr > As > Cd > Cu > Zn. Notably, the HI values for Pb, Cr, and As exceeded the permissible threshold (HI > 1) for children. However, the risk of As, Cd, and Pb-related cancer via exposure pathways remained within acceptable limits for both age groups. Conversely, the probability of carcinogenic effects attributable to Cr surpassed the permissible threshold (>10-4), indicating significant health concerns associated with heavy metals in waste incinerators for humans, particularly children.

A new variant of lumpy skin disease virus circulating in Vietnam based on sequencing analysis of GPCR gene.

In 2021, Vietnam experienced an outbreak of Lumpy skin disease (LSD), which infected 207,687 cattle and buffaloes, as officially reported, and resulted in the culling of 29,182 animals. In this study, samples from cattle that died and showed typical signs of LSD in the Ha Tinh province of Vietnam were confirmed by three World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-recommended methods and further studied to compare the Vietnam and China reference strains to the new clinical cases. Three methods recommended by WOAH for agent detection (PCR, virus isolation, and transmission electron microscopy) were used to confirm this clinical LSD case. The sequence analysis of three well-known markers (P32, RPO30, and GPCR genes) has been utilized in Vietnam to understand this circulating pathogen better. Our findings showed that the CX01 LSDV strain is 100% identical to the Vietnam reference strain HL01 and China reference strains based on P32 and RPO30 genes. Interestingly, analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the GPCR gene showed that the CX01 strain belongs to the same cluster as the reference strains, but it has branches different from those of both the HL01 and China LSDV strains. The nucleotide identification between the CX01 strain and these reference virus strains ranked 99.65%-99.91%, suggesting that it is a new variant of LSDV. This finding is new and indicates that at least two variants of the LSD virus were circulating in Vietnam based on analysis of the GPCR gene. Additionally, these results suggest that the sequence analysis of the GPCR gene is a great tool for subgrouping LSDV circulating in Vietnam.

EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE GRADE 1 MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM FOR ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS

The paper examines the current state of teaching Grade 1 Mathematics to ethnic minority students in some mountainous provinces of Vietnam. Based on survey results, five proposed strategies are outlined: 1/ Identify the required outcomes for Grade 1 mathematics for ethnic minority students and suggest appropriate teaching plan. 2/ Focus on teaching essential and practical knowledge and skills that are relevant to the students' daily lives. 3/ Mobilize students' experiences and the resources of both the school and the community to help students perceive the relevance, appeal, and benefits of learning mathematics. 4/ Integrate content that enhances Vietnamese language proficiency into mathematics lessons. 5/ Apply multimedia tools in mathematics lessons to help ethnic minority students overcome language barriers.

Prevalence and structural protein encoding gene sequence (VP) of porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) in slaughtered pigs in Central provinces of Vietnam

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a DNA virus and causative agent of several reproductive problems in sows. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and analyze the DNA sequence of structural protein encoding gene (VP) of PPV2 genotype in pigs. A total of 146 samples (lung and blood samples) were collected from slaughtered pigs of seven provinces in Central Vietnam during 2018-2019. The overall prevalence of PPV2 was 56.2% (82/146). PPV2 positive rate in each province ranged from 37.5% for Quang Nam to 100% for Quang Binh, with the exception of Da Nang, where no PPV2 positive samples were detected. Nearly complete PPV2-VP gene sequences of three strains were identified with the length of 2,493 nucleotides and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers of OL913365-OL913367. Four nucleotide substitutions were detected in Vietnamese PPV2 isolates and were not observed in PPV2 reference strains. Multiple alignment and comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed the high similarity within Vietnamese PPV2 strains (95.6-96.5% and 94.7-96.9%, respectively). The PPV2 strains from this study clustered together with the "primitive" PPV2 strains from Myanmar, and strains from China in a main clade in the phylogenetic tree (Cluster A). This is the first report on the prevalence of PPV2 genotype and its VP gene sequence in pigs in Vietnam. This also provides the valuable information on the molecular evolution of locally circulating PPV2 and contributes to the control of PPV-induced SMEDI syndrome in sows, especially in the central provinces of Vietnam.

A Study of Competitiveness in Logistics Firms in Vietnam

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the competitiveness of logistics firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces in Vietnam, and compare respondents' assessments of competitiveness in logistics firms. Method: The sample size in this study was adjusted to the regression model. The research sample consists of 225 respondents working for logistics firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces. We designed a questionnaire related to the competitiveness of logistics firms. We determined the observed variables (scales) of the competitiveness of logistics firms based on previous studies and expert interview results. We use both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including reliability analysis through the Cronbach alpha coefficient, EFA analysis, the independent T test, and ANOVA analysis. Results: The findings in this study prove that four attributes of the competitiveness of logistics firms are quite high. All the attributes of the variables are statistically significant. There is no statistically significant difference in the competitiveness of logistics firms between these different marital statuses, work locations, career seniority, and job positions. Conclusions: This research broadens our understanding of the importance of the competitiveness of logistics firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces in Vietnam. This research has expanded the competitiveness of logistics firms in Hanoi and neighboring provinces in Vietnam as an activity with profound business performance impacts. This study can be a basis for other research works and policy design oriented to achieve a comprehensive measurement of business performance and make business strategy in the firm. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of business administration science, especially in the logistics sector.