Vietnam Experience Research Articles

Association of change in cognitive function from early adulthood to middle age with risk of cause-specific mortality: the Vietnam Experience Study

BackgroundStudies with single baseline measurements of cognitive function consistently reveal inverse relationships with mortality risk. The relation of change in functioning, particularly from early in the life course, which may...

Potential economic impacts of global wild catch fishery decline in Southeast Asia and South America

This paper examines the economy-wide impacts of wild catch fishery decline due to climate change on major wild catch producing countries in Southeast Asia and South America, particularly focusing on food industries. A global economic model has been extended to separate the choice between wild catch and aquaculture in the production and consumption functions. The fish commodity/sector is also disaggregated in the database into wild catch and aquaculture commodities/sectors in order to make it compatible with the modified model. Results show that the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Ecuador and Peru experience considerable impacts on their economies, food industries, and households. Vietnam experiences the lowest impact on their economy because of low impact on their ocean fish resource. Results also indicate that expansions in aquaculture outputs are not adequate to compensate losses in wild catch production in all countries, and there will be a scarcity of fish in the international market that will be harmful to international trade of wild catch and aquaculture, as well as global food security. Households will also be substantially vulnerable due to high prices of fish and lower income levels resulting from contractions of production levels.

‘Exploring, progressing and harvesting’. Participant experiences of engaging in speech-language pathology research within a cross-cultural setting

ABSTRACT Objective: This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences of a group of Vietnamese speech-language pathologists who collaborated in a longitudinal research programme with an Australian researcher. Conducted between 2013 and 2016, the research programme sought to document the development of the speech-language pathology profession in Vietnam through the experiences of Vietnam's first university-trained speech-language pathologists. Method: Utilising a series of questions, seven participants explored their experiences of engaging in the research, and the advice they would offer others who were considering involvement in cross-cultural research. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Result: Four main categories of experience were identified: capacity building, team work and group processes, cross-cultural issues, and advice for others. Uncertainty as to the collaborative ethos of the research design informed recommendations for future researchers and participants. The relationship between the researcher, interpreter and participants was considered critical to successful engagement in cross-cultural research. Conclusion: This research illuminated the perspectives of the research participants and highlighted a complex interplay of factors informing and shaping participation in cross-cultural research. Researchers engaging in research within contexts that are not their own must consider how the research can proceed in a culturally safe manner and support findings that are responsive to and reflective of local context.

The Policies for Development of Technology and Science Information System: International Experience and Practice in Vietnam

The paper will study on Reality of the policy reseach for development for Technology and science information System in the world and practices in Vietnam. Describe policies for developing some of the world's leading Technology and science information centers. Assessing the current state of the Technology and science information system, legal bases and importance of the Technology and science information system for the development of the maritime field

Lost in implementation? REDD+ country readiness experiences in Indonesia and Vietnam

ABSTRACTThe REDD+ readiness phase leading up to implementation has been slow and has fallen short of expectations. In this article, we present REDD+ experiences from two countries, Indonesia and Vietnam, with a focus on the readiness phase, examining policy processes at the central, provincial and local levels. Interviews with key stakeholders (officials, donors, NGOs, village representatives) and data from household surveys suggest that efforts have been concentrated at the central level, with the provincial level mainly feeding data into the process and the local level practically left to its own devices. Furthermore, the REDD+ design may be misguided as it exempts the major stakeholders, namely the state and private enterprises, from declaring emissions sub-targets in the national carbon reduction action plans, and focuses exclusively on rural forest dwellers who struggle to understand the ideas that underpin REDD+.

Counterinsurgency in Vietnam – schizophrenia until too late

ABSTRACT Insurgencies remain political projects, and thus the American experience in Vietnam remains relevant in any search for approaches. A population-first strategy – with tactics compatible with protecting people and winning their willing support – is essential, as much for success in local pacification as in retaining support in the homeland which has deployed its personnel abroad to assist another state. In the actual area of operations, decentralization of effort is required to get as close as possible to the population base being targeted by the insurgents. This remains essential for all mobilization in support of a polity, regardless of the extent to which insurgent challenge is grounded in grievances or simply based on coercive power.

Anterior approach for right hepatectomy and right anterior sectionectomy with hanging maneuver for large hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center experience in Vietnam (with video)

Introduction: Right hepatectomy and right anterior sectionectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma via the anterior approach without prior liver mobilization is an accepted technique and the liver hanging maneuver facilitates this procedure. Hepatic parenchymal transection remains a critical part of this operation during which excessive blood loss can occur. Control of blood loss is important in hepatectomy as excessive bleeding and blood transfusion are associated with increased postoperative morbidity/ mortality rates and compromised long term oncological outcomes in these patients. Objective: To report the surgical and preliminary outcomes of major right hepatectomy and right anterior sectionectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the anterior approach with hanging maneuver in single center in Vietnam. Methods: In patients who had large HCC (over 10 cm in size) at the right lobe of liver and underwent hepatic resection such as right hepatectomy or right anterior sectionectomy, the technique of anterior approach with the liver hanging maneuver was used. All consecutive patients who underwent elective right hepatectomy or right anterior sectionectomy in our center using this technique from March 2014 to July 2016 were retrospectively studied. Results: Twenty one patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis underwent the technique for right hepatectomy and right anterior sectionectomy using the anterior approach with the liver hanging maneuver. The mean blood loss, liver parenchymal transection time and operation time were 280.3 ± 72.6 ml (SD), 49.3 ± 8.1 min, and 291.7 ± 58.2 min, respectively. No patients developed postoperative bleeding or bile leak. There was no 90-day mortality. Conclusion: To achieve complete anatomic hepatectomy in a large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic transection through an anterior approach is required. Liver hanging maneuver is a useful procedure for transection of an adequately cut plane in anatomical liver resection.

PHÁT TRIỂN NGHỀ NGHIỆP GIÁO VIÊN PHỔ THÔNG THEO TIẾP CẬN NĂNG LỰC - KINH NGHIỆM THẾ GIỚI VÀ BÀI HỌC CHO VIỆT NAM

PHÁT TRIỂN NGHỀ NGHIỆP GIÁO VIÊN PHỔ THÔNG THEO TIẾP CẬN NĂNG LỰC - KINH NGHIỆM THẾ GIỚI VÀ BÀI HỌC CHO VIỆT NAM

Building a Global Culture of Science-The Vietnam Experience.

We detail the lessons learned, challenges, achievements, and outlook in building a chemistry research center in Vietnam. Through the principles of "global science", we provide specific insight into the process behind establishing an internationally-competitive research program-a model that is scalable and adaptable to countries beyond Vietnam. Furthermore, we highlight the prospects for success in advancing global science education, research capacity building, and mentorship.

Vietnam: The next asian Tiger?

We investigate the growth experience of Vietnam, the country which has been getting recent attention as being the next emerging giant. First, we present an aggregate level investigation of Vietnam’s economic growth experience, since the inauguration of reform in 1986 known as Doi Moi. We focus on a top-down approach that performs growth and level accounting exercises. These decompositions offer the possibility to track the economic progress of Vietnam and to formulate policy accordingly depending on where the gaps originate from. Second, we build a two-sector general equilibrium model, investigating the secular decline in agricultural employment. Despite the notable structural changes over the past thirty years, agriculture still has a substantial weight in the Vietnamese economy. We conduct a quantitative analysis using a theoretical framework, with an emphasis on the counterfactual outcomes of inheriting Chinese sectoral productivity growth rates, where China is recognized as the paragon emerging economy. The main findings are: (i) Vietnam has grown impressively since 1986, but is still a relatively poor country in absolute terms; (ii) Vietnam must decrease its reliance on factor accumulation as its source of growth and increase its technological capabilities; (iii) economic policies should equally target both agricultural and nonagricultural sectors to increase sectoral productivity growth rates in Vietnam.

Urbanization, economic development, environmental and social changes in transitional economies: Vietnam after Doimoi

We used the experiences of Vietnam following the economic reform, known as Doimoi, to study urbanization, economic development, and environmental and social changes in transitional economies at multi-scales. The country underwent rapid urban land expansion, as indicated by the increase in the mean value of nighttime light data from −1.4 in 1992 to 4.4 in 2012. The urban population grew at a faster annual rate following Doimoi (1986–2015) compared to the pre-Doimoi period (1960–1985). At the inter-city level, cities with populations more than 1 million experienced more rapid growth of built-up land intensity and population size compared to the national average. At the intra-city level, conversion from farmland contributed significantly to built-up land in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City from 1990 to 2010. As indicated by PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, urban environments in large cities deteriorated; yet poverty was alleviated, as measured by populations falling under the poverty line and the proportion of the urban population living in slums. Coupled dynamics of urbanization, economic development, and environmental and social changes were modeled and the main findings are: (1) economic development strongly influenced urbanization and (2) urbanization and economic development contributed to environmental deterioration while promoting the social conditions. How urban land expansion was facilitated by local institutional interventions such as frequent changes of administrative boundaries, master plans, and policies is also discussed. Our study highlighted a multi-scale and multi-dimensional perspective, the independent and coupled relationships between economic development, urbanization, and environmental/social changes, and a hybrid approach of examining the influences of the institutional intervention and the market mechanism on urbanization in transitional economies.

Improving health equity for ethnic minority women in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam: qualitative results from an mHealth intervention targeting maternal and infant health service access.

BackgroundEthnic minority women (EMW) in Vietnam experience disproportionately high infant and maternal mortality rates due to low social status, poverty and remoteness from health centres. This project piloted and evaluated a low-cost mobile health (mHealth) intervention called mMom utilizing behaviour change communication (BCC) to improve access to maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) services and health equity among EMW living in remote areas.MethodsThe mMom intervention built an integrated mHealth platform which sent timely MNCH information and BCC text messages to participants, and engaged health workers towards increasing their interaction and building demand for quality natal care. Mid-term and final qualitative evaluations were conducted to assess the intervention’s acceptability and impact.ResultsIn evaluations, all participants expressed satisfaction with the quality, timeliness and convenience of the messages, and health workers reported increased efficiency and quality of care. The use of BCC increased care-seeking from EMW and strengthened relationships with health providers.ConclusionThe mMom project demonstrated the acceptability of mHealth in a remote Vietnamese region with a high proportion of disadvantaged EMW. The messages promoted increased contact between participants and health providers, which holds potential to address the marginalization of EMW from the health system.

Investing In the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam – The Opportunity for Small and Medium Enterprises of Korea

This article provides a direction for furfure research in small and medium enterprises invest in foreigner countries; specially in Vietnam market. The major projects that Korea Enterprises invested covered mostly in the Northern of Vietnam provinces such as Bac Ninh, Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Thai Nguyen. Meanwhile, in southern Vietnam, the Mekong River Delta region with many projects calling for investment in agriculture and tourism has not attracted much attention from Korean investors. The article using the method of descriptive statistics to overview the project investment in agriculture and tourism of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam and points out the advantages of Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in these two sectors. The results of study showed that Mekong River Delta has incentive policies for investment. Besides, with the general policy of Vietnamese government for agriculture and tourism projects, they had incentive policies for foreigner invest in these fields. Moreover, Korea has many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as investing experience in Vietnam. This articles strongly encourages the research of the opportunity for foreigner SMEs invest in tourism and agriculture in other countries, especially emerging market as Vietnam.

Mental health literacy and intervention program adaptation in the internationalization of school psychology for Vietnam.

This paper discusses how school psychology technology developed in Western countries can be adapted for global contexts and "internationalized." The article reports results of two studies, providing examples of: (a) our school psychology internationalization experiences in Vietnam, as lessons hopefully useful for other professionals interested in international development; and (b) how Western researchers can learn through internalization experiences. Because mental health literacy is foundational for mental health development, Study 1 focused on assessment of mental health literacy among 353 Vietnamese teachers, with findings suggesting overall low mental health literacy among these participants. Study 2 focused on our Vietnam ACES ProS high-school problem-solving therapy program. We discuss the Mental Health Capacity Development Model guiding development of ACES ProS and report positive results of an evaluation of ACES ProS involving 100 Vietnamese high-school students. Program cultural adaptation (e.g., deciding whether teacher classroom praise should be excluded from classroom behavior management due to Vietnamese students' tendency to react to praise with increased competitive behavior) is reviewed as an example of challenges faced in school psychology internationalization. This program of research shows that school psychology internationalization can be successful but requires careful attention and close collaboration.

“It’s a War I Still Would Go To”: The American War in Vietnam and Nostalgic Re-Imaginings of World War II

In this article, I trace the process through which World War II (WWII) has become the „good war” in American culture. Drawing on a range of books and articles published on the subject —and often written by the war’s veterans—I summarize their findings considering the essentially mythical nature of the conflict’ common memory. The well-known aspects of this myth include the view that WWII was a straightforward struggle between good and evil, that the U.S. soldiers who fought it belonged to “the greatest generation,” and that it was ultimately an expression and activization of American honor, heroism, and gallantry. Further on, I argue that beginning in the 1980s, a resurgence of cultural interest in WWII becomes evident, but now tinged not only with the emerging image of “the good war,” but also with nostalgia—and that the “nostalgization” of the conflict was caused directly by, and indeed possible only because of, the U.S. experience in Vietnam. I trace the multifaceted and multiple references to WWII in Vietnam War narratives—but also to Vietnam in some nostalgic representations of WWII.

Structural barriers to HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam: Diversity, stigma, and healthcare access.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam experience disproportionate rates of HIV infection. To advance understanding of how structural barriers may shape their engagement with HIV prevention services, we draw on 32 in-depth interviews and four focus groups (n = 31) conducted with MSM in Hanoi between October 2015- March 2016. Three primary factors emerged: (1) Diversity, both in relation to identity and income; Vietnamese MSM described themselves as segregated into Bóng kín (hidden, often heterosexually-identified MSM) and Bóng lộ (‘out,’ transgender, or effeminate MSM). Lower-income, ‘hidden’ MSM from rural areas were reluctant to access MSM-targeted services; (2) Stigma: MSM reported being stigmatized by the healthcare system, family, and other MSM; and (3) Healthcare access: this was limited due to economic barriers and lack of MSM-friendly services. Our research suggests the need for multiple strategies to reach diverse types of MSM as well as to address barriers in access to health services such as stigma and costs. While a great deal has been written about the diversity of MSM in relation to gender performance and sexual identities, our research points to the substantial structural-level barriers that must be addressed in order to achieve meaningful and effective HIV prevention for MSM worldwide.

Supporting Small and Medium Enterpries to Access Technological Innovation State Fund: International Experience and Lessons for Vietnam

Technological innovation state funds supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are not common in the developing countries like Vietnam, but are common in the developed nations like the European countries and Korea. The financial and non-financial support of these funds has contributed significantly to the development of many SMEs. Learning from the funds which have successfully facilitated SMEs in innovating and developing advanced technologies is meaningful to the Vietnamese sicence and techonology management bodies and state funds. This article will review the experience of some typical fund in supporting SMEs, thereby providing some lessons for technology innovation Funds of Vietnam to create a more favorable environment for SMEs to access funds.

The Nixon Doctrine and U.S. Relations with the Republic of Afghanistan, 1973–1978: Stuck in the Middle with Daoud

The overthrow of the monarchy in Afghanistan in 1973 was a seminal moment in the country's history and in U.S. policy in Central Asia. The return of Mohamed Daoud Khan to power was aided by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA, the Communist party) and military officers trained in the Soviet Union. Even as Communism was making its first substantive gains in Afghanistan, the United States was wrestling with how best to pursue its strategy of containment. Stung by the experience of Vietnam, President Richard Nixon concluded that the United States could not unilaterally respond to every instance of Communist expansion. In the turbulent years that followed, U.S. diplomacy and Daoud's desire for nonalignment combined to mitigate Soviet influence in Afghanistan. However, the U.S. triumph was fleeting insofar as Daoud's shift toward nonalignment triggered the erosion of Soviet-Afghan relations, culminating in the overthrow of his government and the final ascension of the PDPA.

\u2018I do want to ask, but I can\u2019t speak\u2019: a qualitative study of ethnic minority women\u2019s experiences of communicating with primary health care professionals in remote, rural Vietnam

BackgroundEthnic minority groups in Vietnam experience economic, social and health inequalities. There are significant disparities in health service utilisation, and cultural, interpersonal and communication barriers impact on quality of care. Eighty per cent of the population of Dien Bien Province belongs to an ethnic minority group, and poor communication between health professionals and ethnic minority women in the maternal health context is a concern for health officials and community leaders. This study explores how ethnic minority women experience communication with primary care health professionals in the maternal and child health setting, with an overall aim to develop strategies to improve health professionals’ communication with ethnic minority communities.MethodsWe used a qualitative focused ethnographic approach and conducted focus group discussions with 37 Thai and Hmong ethnic minority women (currently pregnant or mothers of children under five) in Dien Bien Province. We conducted a thematic analysis.ResultsEthnic minority women generally reported that health professionals delivered health information in a didactic, one-way style, and there was a reliance on written information (Maternal and Child Health handbook) in place of interpersonal communication. The health information they receive (both verbal and written) was often non-specific, and not context-adjusted for their personal circumstances. Women were therefore required to take a more active role in interpersonal interactions in order to meet their own specific information needs, but they are then faced with other challenges including language and gender differences with health professionals, time constraints, and a reluctance to ask questions. These factors resulted in women interpreting health information in diverse ways, which in turn appeared to impact their health behaviours.ConclusionsFostering two-way communication and patient-centred attitudes among health professionals could help to improve their communication with ethnic minority women. Communication training for health professionals could be included along with the nationwide implementation of written information to improve communication.

Communication Between Health Workers and Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam.

Background:Vietnam has made notable progress in reducing maternal mortality rates during the past 2 decades, but this overall improvement conceals regional and ethnic inequalities. Ethnic minorities in Vietnam experience high rates of poverty and mortality, and they face communication and cultural barriers when accessing health services. Poor communication with health professionals combined with limited health literacy is concerning, particularly in the maternal health context, and may exacerbate existing inequalities.Objective:This study explores primary health care professionals' perceptions of the quality of their communication with ethnic minority women during and after pregnancy.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 primary health care professionals in Dien Bien province. A thematic analysis was performed using a framework analysis method.Key Results:Health professionals had mostly positive perceptions about their communication with ethnic minority women. However, they generally perceived the effectiveness of their communication as being based on women's individual capacities to understand health information (both the language used and the content) and factors such as ethnic and cultural differences, rather than reflecting on the suitability of information and materials or on their own communication skills. This placed much of the burden of communication and understanding health information on ethnic minority women and their families.Conclusions:Health professionals perceived of communication as being mainly a one-way street for the provision of health information, and rarely acknowledged the interactive nature of communication. Patient-professional communication and health literacy in Dien Bien province may be improved through the introduction of patient-centered communication skills training that applies health literacy approaches at the health professional level. [Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2017;1(4):e163–e172.]Plain Language Summary:We looked at how primary health care professionals in Vietnam perceive their communication with ethnic minority women, particularly about pregnancy. Health professionals generally perceived the quality and effectiveness of their communication as being based on ethnic minority women's individual capacities and limitations. Applying a health literacy approach to communication skills training could improve patient-professional communication and health literacy.