Video Watermarking Scheme Research Articles

A Novel Self-adaptation Differential Energy Video Watermarking Scheme in Copyright Protection

This paper proposes a novel self-adaptation differential energy watermarking based on the Watson visual model, which inserts robust watermark into video streaming according to the differential energy theory. This algorithm can control the watermark's embedding intensity of sub-low AC coefficients in the video streaming adaptively based on the Watson visual model. And it also can be self-adaptive cheesed that the region should be embed watermarks according to the relationship between the energy adjustable threshold and their differential energy. So watermark not only meets the non-visual perception, but also has the better robustness. Experiments show that this algorithm has strong robustness and security against the usual video attacks such as noise, filter and compression attack etc with low complexity of energy computation and high capacity.

A motion location based video watermarking scheme using ICA to extract dynamic frames

In this paper, we propose a novel video watermarking scheme based on motion location. In the proposed scheme, independent component analysis is used to extract a dynamic frame from two successive frames of original video, and the motion is located by using the variance of 8 × 8 block in the extracted dynamic frame. Then according to the located motion, we choose a corresponding region in the former frame of the two successive frames, where watermark is embedded by using the quantization index modulation algorithm. The procedure above is repeated until each frame of the video (excluding the last one) is watermarked. The simulations show that the proposed scheme has a good performance to resist Gaussian noising, MPEG2 compression, frame dropping, frame cropping, etc.

Video Watermarking by Space-Time Interest Points

This letter presents a novel robust video watermarking scheme based on space-time interest points. These points correspond to inherent structures of the video so that they can be used as synchronization signals for watermark embedding and extraction. In the proposed scheme, local regions are generated using the space-time interest points, and the watermark is embedded into all the regions by quantization. It is a blind scheme and the watermark can be extracted from any position of the video. Experimental results show that the watermark is invisible and it can robustly survive traditional signal processing attacks and video-oriented attacks.

Practical, Real-Time, and Robust Watermarking on the Spatial Domain for High-Definition Video Contents

Commercial markets employ digital right management (DRM) systems to protect valuable high-definition (HD) quality videos. DRM system uses watermarking to provide copyright protection and ownership authentication of multimedia contents. We propose a real-time video watermarking scheme for HD video in the uncompressed domain. Especially, our approach is in aspect of practical perspectives to satisfy perceptual quality, real-time processing, and robustness requirements. We simplify and optimize human visual system mask for real-time performance and also apply dithering technique for invisibility. Extensive experiments are performed to prove that the proposed scheme satisfies the invisibility, real-time processing, and robustness requirements against video processing attacks. We concentrate upon video processing attacks that commonly occur in HD quality videos to display on portable devices. These attacks include not only scaling and low bit-rate encoding, but also malicious attacks such as format conversion and frame rate change.

Robust digital video watermarking scheme for H.264 advanced video coding standard

Digital video watermarking has attracted a great deal of research interest in the past few years in applications such as digital fingerprinting and owner identification. The H.264/AVC (advanced video coding) standard is the latest and most advanced video coding standard, but to this date, very few watermarking schemes have been designed for it. This is mainly due to its complexity and compression efficiency, which present a major challenge for any video watermarking approach. We developed a new, quantization-based video watermarking scheme that is designed to work with H.264/AVC. We propose a locally adaptive, rate-distortion optimized watermark that is inserted in the transform coefficients of the macro blocks. We use a unique perceptual mask in order to control the levels of spatial and temporal distortion. Our scheme is designed with a built-in bit allocation mechanism that ensures optimum distribution of watermark bits between different macro blocks. Our watermark offers constant robustness to H.264 video compression at different bit rates, without significantly affecting the overall bit rate and quality of the video stream. Experimental results show that our scheme outperforms existing watermarking methods under compression, transcoding, filtering, scaling, rotation, and collusion attacks.

Robust Video Watermarking of H.264/AVC

A robust video watermarking scheme of the state-of-the-art video coding standard H.264/AVC is proposed in this brief. 2-D 8-bit watermarks such as detailed company trademarks or logos can be used as inconvertible watermark for copyright protection. A grayscale watermark pattern is first modified to accommodate the H.264/AVC computational constraints, and then embedded into video data in the compressed domain. With the proposed method, the video watermarking scheme can achieve high robustness and good visual quality without increasing the overall bit-rate. Experimental results show that our algorithm can robustly survive transcoding process and strong common signal processing attacks, such as bit-rate reduction, Gaussian filtering and contrast enhancement

An Adaptive Video Watermarking Scheme Based on the Middle-Frequency Energy Relationship Between Adjacent Frames

The approximate invariance of the middle frequencies energy relationship between video adjacent frames under photometric distortion and spatial desynchronization is discovered by analysis.Based on this approximate invariance,a new robust video watermarking scheme is proposed.It can adjust embedding strength adaptively according to human visual system features.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is resilient to photometric distortion,spatial desynchronization and combined distortion effectively.

Video Watermarking Scheme for Real-time Detection on Camera Phones

Video Watermarking Scheme for Real-time Detection on Camera Phones

A blind video watermarking scheme based on ICA and shot segmentation

Video watermark is the main method to protect the copyright of digital video. In this paper, a blind video watermarking scheme based on independent component analysis (ICA) and shot segmentation is presented. In this scheme, the global histogram comparison approach is used to segment the video, and ICA is performed on each obtained segment to get its independent component frames (ICFs). The copyright information is embedded into the principal independent component frames (PICFs) according to the single watermark embedding (SWE) scheme. The content-based shot segmentation for video sequences is used here to improve the robustness to temporal desynchronization. The watermark embedded in PICFs provides better robustness to intra-video collusion attack. And blind detection is achieved by using the SWE scheme. The simulations show the feasibility and validity of this scheme. It can resist most of the common frame-based and video-based attacks. The watermark can be detected blindly. And it is robust to temporal desynchronization and intra-video collusion.

Robust Watermarking of Video Streams

In the past few years there has been an explosion in the use of digital video data. Many people have personal computers at home, and with the help of the Internet users can easily share video files on their computer. This makes possible the unauthorized use of digital media, and without adequate protection systems the authors and distributors have no means to prevent it.Digital watermarking techniques can help these systems to be more effective by embedding secret data right into the video stream. This makes minor changes in the frames of the video, but these changes are almost imperceptible to the human visual system. The embedded information can involve copyright data, access control etc. A robust watermark is resistant to various distortions of the video, so it cannot be removed without affecting the quality of the host medium. In this paper I propose a video watermarking scheme that fulfills the requirements of a robust watermark.

Motion-compensated inter-frame collusion attack on video watermarking and a countermeasure

One of the challenging issues in video watermarking is its robustness to inter-frame collusion attacks. These attacks exploit the inherent redundancy in the video frames or in the watermark to produce an unwatermarked copy of the video. A basic inter-frame collusion attack is the frame temporal filtering (FTF). In this attack, temporal low-pass filtering is applied to the watermarked frames to remove temporally uncorrelated watermarks. If the video frames contain moving objects and/or there is camera motion, temporal low-pass filtering introduces visually annoying ghosting artifacts in the attacked video. Thus the applicability of the FTF attack is limited by the motion of the objects in the scene and that of the camera. We propose an extended FTF attack which overcomes this limitation by exploiting the motion within the video frames. The attack is based on the motion-compensated redundant temporal wavelet transform (MC-RTWT) of the watermarked frames. The lifting-based MC-RTWT is applied to the video frames in a scene and the resulting low-pass temporal frames constitute the attacked video. Experimental results presented in this paper confirm the effectiveness of the proposed attack over the FTF attack. A motion-coherent video watermarking scheme in the motion-compensated temporal wavelet transform (MC-TWT) domain is also presented as a countermeasure to this extended FTF attack. The proposed watermarking scheme is shown to be resistant to the extended FTF attack and other inter-frame collusion attacks.

A Novel Blind Video Watermarking Scheme Based on Independent Dynamic Component

Video copyright protection has become important as it is possible to make unlimited copies of digital video without quality loss. Video watermark is the main method of video copyright protection. A novel blind video watermarking scheme is proposed in this paper, in which independent component analysis (ICA) is used to extract the common static component and relative dynamic component from the consecutive frames. And then a designed watermark is embedded into the wavelet coefficients of the obtained dynamic component according to the 4-neighboring-mean based algorithm. The binarization of the 3-level-approximate sub-image of the I-frame in each GOP (GOP-Group of Picture) is selected as the watermark for this GOP. Given such watermark, the scheme can easily resist copy attack and temporal synchronization. Besides, because the watermarks of different GOPs and their embedding positions in a GOP are different, the intra-video collusion attack can be resisted effectively and there is no possibility for inter-video collusion attack to succeed. The simulation shows the feasibility of this scheme, which can resist well temporal synchronization, copy attack, and collusion attack.

A novel scheme for hybrid digital video watermarking: approach, evaluation and experimentation

We have seen an explosion of data exchange in the Internet and the extensive use of digital media. Consequently, digital data owners can quickly and massively transfer multimedia documents across the Internet. This leads to wide interest in multimedia security and multimedia copyright protection. We propose a novel hybrid digital video watermarking scheme based on the scene change analysis and error correction code. Our video watermarking algorithm is robust against the attacks of frame dropping, averaging and statistical analysis, which were not solved effectively in the past. We start with a complete survey of current watermarking technologies, and noticed that none of the existing schemes is capable of resisting all attacks. Accordingly, we propose the idea of embedding different parts of a single watermark into different scenes of a video. We then analyze the strengths of different watermarking schemes, and apply a hybrid approach to form a super watermarking scheme that can resist most of the attacks. To increase the robustness of the scheme, the watermark is refined by an error correcting code, while the correcting code is embedded as a watermark in the audio channel. It optimizes the quality of the watermarked video. The effectiveness of this scheme is verified through a series of experiments, in which a number of standard image processing attacks are conducted, and the robustness of our approach is demonstrated using the criteria of the latest StirMark test.

Data hiding with video independent components

Video watermarking is a main technique for video copyright protection. A novel blind video watermarking scheme is proposed, which embeds a watermark into video independent components by using the four-neighbouring-mean-based method. Temporal synchronisation is achieved efficiently. Simulations show that the scheme is robust to MPEG2 compression and collusion attacks.

Object-based watermarking scheme robust to object manipulations

A new video watermarking scheme is proposed to resist object manipulations. Shape-adaptive DCT and a visual mask were combined to embed the shuffled watermark into the arbitrarily-shaped object. Inertia ellipse was employed to achieve fast self-synchronising watermark detection. Experiments show that the algorithm is robust to geometrical attacks.