Video Vignette Research Articles

Feasible and Effective Upward Approach of Extended Totally Extraperitoneal Repair for Ventral Hernia with Selective Nerve Block: A Video Vignette

Feasible and Effective Upward Approach of Extended Totally Extraperitoneal Repair for Ventral Hernia with Selective Nerve Block: A Video Vignette

The advantages of transanal total mesorectal excision for residual cancer of the rectal stump after subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis – A Video Vignette

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Intention to Stop Bullying following a Condemning, Empathy-Raising, or Combined Message from a Teacher – Do Students’ Empathy and Callous-Unemotional Traits Matter?

Knowing which intervention strategies work best and for which student is essential for teachers when they intervene in cases of bullying. The effects of teachers’ (1) condemning, (2) empathy-raising, and (3) combined (including elements of both) messages on students’ intention to stop bullying were tested in a between-subject experimental design. A total of 277 seventh grade students (Mage = 12.93, SD = 0.49; 47% female) were asked to imagine they had bullied a peer and were invited to a discussion with a teacher. They saw a video vignette with one of the above messages. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that students’ intention to stop bullying was highest among those who saw the combined message. Callous-unemotional traits were negatively, and affective and cognitive empathy positively associated with intention to stop bullying. Students’ level of cognitive empathy moderated the relative effect of the condemning message on intention to stop bullying. At low levels of cognitive empathy, the condemning message was the least effective, whereas among those with high cognitive empathy, all messages were equally likely to lead to intention to stop bullying. Together, the findings suggest that for educators intervening in bullying among adolescents, an approach involving both condemning and empathy-raising messages is the ‘best bet’, most likely to lead to intention to stop bullying.

Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Robin Sequence Using Three-Dimensional Analysis and Planning

The optimal management of patients with Robin sequence may include neonatal mandibular distraction osteogenesis, which has been used to achieve excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes in appropriate patients. This article and video vignette depict the treatment of micrognathia and airway obstruction secondary to Robin sequence, demonstrating the planning and surgical approach of the senior author (D.M.S.) using mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration for locally advanced low rectal cancer invading the prostate – a video vignette

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Gastric Remnant Mucocele after Conversion of Vertical Band Gastroplasty to One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: a Video Vignette.

Conversional bariatric surgery is a challenging procedure to patients as well as the surgeon. One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is a known safe conversional procedure after primary restrictive weight loss surgeries such as vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG). A very rare reported complication after these operations is the formation of mucocele of gastric remnant during pouch creation. This is a video report of diagnosis and management of gastric remnant mucocele after conversion of VBG to OAGB.

Development and initial validation of a scale for the situational recognition of the basic psychological needs

Centered on the Basic Psychological Needs Theory, recent theoretical underpinnings were used and initial empirical processes were initiated to conceptualize, develop and validate a new questionnaire about how teachers shape instructional goals. In a first exploratory study, 188 university graduates and 211 in-service teachers from both the general and special education domains were recruited to recognize the basic psychological needs of an adolescent with physical and mild cognitive disability presented in a short video vignette. In the second confirmatory study, the sample consisted of 239 in-service teachers. According to the results, the new instrument demonstrated acceptable psychometric qualities. For instance, the goodness-of-fit indices CFI and NNFI were both good (1.00) in the confirmatory factor analysis. In both studies, the recognition of the basic psychological needs was involved in a series of statistically significant correlations with participants’ intrinsic life goals (R ≥ .34), state empathy (R ≥ .38) and intrinsic instructional goals (R ≥ .51). This preliminary research suggested that participants integrated the new concept in their intrinsic motivational style. Overall, the results highlight the importance of recognizing the basic psychological needs by including this construct both in research and practice.

Aesthetic Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip using the Modified Inferior Triangle and Adjunctive Techniques.

Surgical management of unilateral cleft lip is challenging. Correction requires a comprehensive approach to ensure optimal aesthetic outcomes. Various techniques have been proposed for the repair of cleft lip. This article and video vignette highlight the senior author's (D.S.) preferred method for repair of a unilateral cleft lip using a modified inferior triangle technique, a Noordhoff triangular flap for vermillion augmentation, orbicularis oris chemodenervation to reduce tension at the repair site, and autologous fat grafting for lip sculpting.

A simple and noninvasive method to reidentify the left ureter during laparoscopic colorectal surgery – a video vignette

Ureteral injury during left laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery is a fearing complication that occurs in nearly 0,6 % of surgeries. Preoperative ureteral stenting does not assure the prevention of this lesion, and has its own morbidity.

Communicating the diagnosis of cancer or depression: Results of a randomized controlled online study using video vignettes.

BackgroundCommunicating a diagnosis is highly important, yet complex, especially in the context of cancer and mental disorders. The aim was to explore the communication style of an oncologist vs. psychotherapist in an online study.MethodsPatients (N = 136: 65 cancer, 71 depression) were randomly assigned to watch a standardized video vignette with one of two communication styles (empathic vs. unempathic). Outcome measures of affectivity, information recall, communication skills, empathy and trust were applied.ResultsRegardless of diagnosis, empathic communication was associated with the perception of a significantly more empathic (p < 0.001, ηpartial2 = 0.08) and trustworthy practitioner (p = 0.014, ηpartial2 = 0.04) with better communication skills (p = 0.013, ηpartial2 = 0.05). Cancer patients reported a larger decrease in positive affect (p < 0.001, ηpartial2 = 0.15) and a larger increase in negative affect (p < 0.001, ηpartial2 = 0.14) from pre‐ to post‐video than depressive patients. Highly relevant information was recalled better in both groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.61–1.06).ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of empathy while communicating both a diagnosis of cancer and a mental disorder. Further research should focus on the communication of a mental disorder in association with cancer.

Fostering Patient Choice Awareness and Presenting Treatment Options Neutrally: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Effect on Perceived Room for Involvement in Decision Making.

PurposeShared decision making calls for clinician communication strategies that aim to foster choice awareness and to present treatment options neutrally, such as by not showing a preference. Evidence for the effectiveness of these communication strategies to enhance patient involvement in treatment decision making is lacking. We tested the effects of 2 strategies in an online randomized video-vignettes experiment.MethodsWe developed disease-specific video vignettes for rheumatic disease, cancer, and kidney disease showcasing a physician presenting 2 treatment options. We tested the strategies in a 2 (choice awareness communication present/absent) by 2 (physician preference communication present/absent) randomized between-subjects design. We asked patients and disease-naïve participants to view 1 video vignette while imagining being the patient and to report perceived room for involvement (primary outcome), understanding of treatment information, treatment preference, satisfaction with the consultation, and trust in the physician (secondary outcomes). Differences across experimental conditions were assessed using 2-way analyses of variance.ResultsA total of 324 patients and 360 disease-naïve respondents participated (mean age, 52 ± 14.7 y, 54% female, 56% lower educated, mean health literacy, 12 ± 2.1 on a 3–15 scale). The results showed that choice awareness communication had a positive (Mpresent = 5.2 v. Mabsent = 5.0, P = 0.042, η2partial = 0.006) and physician preference communication had no (Mpresent = 5.0 v. Mabsent = 5.1, P = 0.144, η2partial = 0.003) significant effect on perceived room for involvement in decision making. Physician preference communication steered patients toward preferring that treatment option (Mpresent = 4.7 v. Mabsent = 5.3, P = 0.006, η2partial = 0.011). The strategies had no significant effect on understanding, satisfaction, or trust.ConclusionsThis is the first experimental evidence for a small effect of fostering choice awareness and no effect of physician preference on perceived room to participate in decision making. Physician preference steered patients toward preferring that option.

Managers’ sick-leave recommendations for employees with common mental disorders – a vignette study

Abstract Background To better understand the initial phases of employee sickness absence due to common mental disorders (CMD), this study explores managers' recommendation for sick leave to a CMD-labelled video vignette case. The aim was to investigate the associations between sick leave recommendation and 1) managers' experience of persons with CMD, and 2) managers' previous recommendation of sick leave for employees with CMD, and 3) managers' attitudes toward employees with CMD. Methods An online survey was sent in 2017 to 4,737 Swedish managers, aged 20-65 years (71% participated, n = 3,358). The survey included two randomized video vignettes, one female and one male. The vignettes were two minutes long. For aims 1 and 3 a study sample consisting of 2714 managers were used. For the second aim a sub-sample (n = 1740) was used due to the design of the survey questions. Results The bi-variate analysis showed that personal experience of CMD was associated with managers' recommendation of employee sick leave. In the adjusted regression model, it became insignificant (p = 0.056). Having previous experience of recommending sick leave to one employee (OR 3.7, 95% C.I. 2.90-4.73), and to several employees (OR 7.1, 95% C.I. 4.27-11.82), were associated with recommending sick leave, adjusted for gender, level of education, years of managerial experience, and having had management training on CMDs. Finally, there was no significant association (p = 0.071) between negative attitudes towards employee depression and managers' recommendation of employee sick leave to the vignette case. Conclusions The likelihood of a manager recommending sick leave after watching a CMD-labelled video vignette was higher if the manager had previously experienced this situation in real life. We consider this study being important as a first study looking into managers' attitudes and personal experience and recommendations of sick leave. Key messages The odds for recommending sick leave to a video vignette case was higher if managers had this experience. This study highlights the importance of including managerial behaviors to understand the sick leave process for employees with CMD.

A feasible technique for laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE)-a Video Vignette.

A feasible technique for laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE)-a Video Vignette.

Flipped Laboratory Sessions using Video Vignette and Active Learning: A Hybrid Approach for Online Teaching.

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Transmitting Desire: An Experiment on a Novel Measure of Gun Desirability in a Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic and protests have marked an unprecedented increase in U.S. gun sales. But America has long been an outlier; the stockpile of private guns climbed to almost 300 million in 2017. Scholars use multiple theories to explain why gun sales have tripled since the early 2000s, and why disruptions like the pandemic might cause gun sales. However, scholars have difficulty evaluating these theories with existing retrospective estimates of gun sales and other measures, limiting their ability to test theory or suggest policy changes. This study uses the known increase in gun sales during the COVID-19 pandemic to introduce and experimentally validate a novel measure of gun desirability. With a sample of 4,240 U.S. residents, this project demonstrates that gun desirability is a valid measure of inclination toward gun ownership, and that a pandemic video vignette significantly increases overall gun desirability relative to a control video vignette. These results serve as a foundation for future scholarship to (1) discern gun desirability trends, (2) evaluate theorized causes of gun desirability, and (3) consider interventions on those conditions that arouse desire for gun ownership.

Relational Competence, Social Status, and Humor: Evidence from Two Experiments

We investigate the relationship between relational competence and social status at work. As a potential means of increasing individual social status, we analyze the effects of humor use for relational competence and status as perceived by others. The first study is a video vignette experiment in which the participants rate medical doctors’ presentations. We exogenously vary whether the videos include humor use or not. The second study consists of a randomized controlled trial that was embedded in a continuous education program in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology. One randomly assigned group of medical doctors participated in a humor training program, while the second group received a control training. Both studies reveal a statistically significant relationship between relational competence and other-rated social status. We do not find statistically significant differences in perceived workplace status between the humor and control conditions in the two studies. However, mediation analysis suggests that humor use might increase social status via indicating relational competence. Furthermore, the perception of successful humor use seems to be an important factor of humor use increasing other-perceived status (via relational competence).

Mind the Gate: General Practitioner's Attitudes Towards Depressed Patients with Diverse Migration Backgrounds.

This study aims to examine (a) whether there are differences in general practitioners' (GPs) attitudes towards native Belgian patients, patients of foreign descent and asylum seeking patients who all express symptoms of major depression, and (b) whether these differences depend on GPs' experience with cultural competency training and interethnic contact. Using a video vignette study among 404 Flemish (Belgium) GPs, we find evidence of a provider bias. While GPs regard a patient of foreign descent as less trustworthy and less able to adhere to medical recommendations than a native Belgian patient, they also hold more pessimistic views on a potential recovery of an asylum seeking patient. In addition, we find that cultural competency training might alter GPs' attitudes of asylum seeking patients in a positive way. Summarized, our research highlights the need to target stereotypes among GPs for interventions designed to reduce migration-based disparities in healthcare use and health status.

Testing a deliberate practice workshop for developing appropriate responsivity to resistance markers.

Deliberate practice (DP) is an emerging training method for improving individual performance that may be worth adapting and testing for applicability to groups, given the prevalence of group training for continuing education. This study compared an adapted DP workshop to the same traditional, non-DP workshop for managing ambivalence and resistance. The same presenter delivered the workshops to 88 randomly assigned community psychotherapists. The DP workshop involved repeated interaction with multiple recreations of resistance, with consistent group feedback especially on ideal expert performance. The control workshop was more didactic, with fewer opportunities for practice and feedback. We assessed video vignette performance and coded 20-min interviews with ambivalent interviewees from the community. Both workshops produced equivalent trainee satisfaction and significant increases in self-reported skills. However, the DP versus control group demonstrated better observer-rated skill on all performance measures postworkshop. Although skills declined to 4-month retest in both groups, the DP trainees retained their relative advantage over traditional workshop trainees. Moreover, at the 4-month follow-up, DP versus control trainees were rated as more empathic by community interviewees and self-reported practicing the skills at higher rates. These findings support the continued investigation of DP as a means for improving therapist skill in continuing education workshops. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Using vignettes to improve understanding of Social Security and annuities

AbstractEvidence shows that people have difficulty understanding complex aspects of retirement planning, which leads them to under-utilize annuities and claim Social Security benefits earlier than is optimal. To target this problem, we developed vignettes about the consequences of different annuitization and claiming decisions. We evaluated our vignettes using an experiment with a representative online panel of nearly 2,000 Americans. In our experiment, respondents were either assigned to a control group with no vignette, to a written vignette, or to a video vignette. They were then asked to give advice to hypothetical persons on annuitization or Social Security claiming, and were asked factual questions about these concepts. We found evidence that being exposed to vignettes led respondents to give better advice. For example, the gap between advised claim age for a relatively healthy person versus a relatively sick person was larger by nearly a year in the vignette treatments than in the control group. Furthermore, the vignettes increased financial literacy related to these concepts by 10–15 percentage points. Interestingly, the mode of communication did not have a significant impact – the video and written vignettes were equally effective.

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome as a Heralding Feature of Scrub Typhus: An Illustrative Case with a Video Vignette.

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome as a Heralding Feature of Scrub Typhus: An Illustrative Case with a Video Vignette.