Video Registration Research Articles

Supporting Students’ Understanding of Area Measurement Through Verknippen Applet

In this paper, we will present a case study of the possibility of using an applet in the teaching and learning of area measurement. The researcher investigated how an applet can support students’ understanding of the concept of conservation of area. Data were collected through video registration, students’ work and interviews. Students were involved in six meetings around the learning of area measurement. In some meetings, students worked on hands-on activities. For instance, through cut and paste activities, students would acquirethe concept of conservation of area. They witnessed that if there is no part thrown away when cutting and pasting a figure, the area will not change. However, when it comes to reshaping a figure into another one (rectangle), students would use trial and error. Some students would face difficulties reshaping the figures into a rectangle. They could not undo their cutting when they failed in making a rectangle. To some extent, hands-on activities will constrain students. The use of an applet which provides the same activities will help students to be more creative in reshaping a figure. The school has no internet facilities to access the applet. To see the possibilities of an applet to support students understanding, after some weeks, we invited students to play with the applet. We recorded students’ activities in working with the applet. Students were enthusiastic to try when they could not solve the problems. After the session with the applet, students worked on similar problems on paper. They successfully dealt with the problems. It reveals that students prefer to use the applet because they can easily try again when they fail. It shows that students could understand how to measure areas of irregular figures.

Time synchronization of electric field measurement and highspeed video registration at the lightning observation station in Rzeszow, Poland

Time synchronization of electric field measurement and highspeed video registration at the lightning observation station in Rzeszow, Poland

Удосконалення технічної майстерності на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки у фітнесі засобами пауерліфтингу

Purpose: to develop methodical recommendations of the improvement of technical skill at the stage of the specialized basic preparation in fitness by means of powerlifting. Material and Methods: masters of sports in powerlifting and candidates for the master of sports in powerlifting – members of a national team on weightlifting and powerlifting of the Kharkov area took part in the research. Methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization, analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical supervision, pedagogical experiment, video registration method, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: we developed a number of methodical recommendations which are submitted on finishing technical skill on the basis of the analysis of technique of a performance of the competitive exercise deadlift which is made by means of the program Dartfish by highly skilled sportsmen. As a result of the experiment it is established that the gain of result was more significant in the experimental group which was engaged by the developed technique. Conclusions: it is experimentally proved that the use of computer programs of video registration allows improving qualitatively the feedback between a coach and a sportsman, optimizing the process of training of a sportsman and correction of his technique, increasing the gain of sports result.

Influence of the form of a solid inclusion in an inhomogeneous liquid droplet on the conditions of its “explosive” destruction under intense heat exchange

The boiling conditions at the interface in a water droplet (initial conventional diameter of 3–4 mm) with a solid nontransparent inclusion (characteristic sizes up to 2 mm) in a high-temperature (higher than 600 K) gas medium are distinguished by the results of experimental investigations with the use of highspeed (no less than 105 frames per second) video registration. The main stages of the process, such as liquid heating, evaporation from a free droplet surface, bubble boiling at internal interfaces between the media, bubble growth, bubble motion through the liquid film, and “explosive” decomposition of the droplet into a group of smaller droplets. The characteristic times of these stages and the influence of the inclusion form on them are established by the example of graphite particles (sphere, disc, cone, parallelepiped, and irregularly shaped polygon).

Experimental estimation of characteristic times of the existence of liquid drops in the form of a sphere and ellipse upon their movement in a gas environment under the conditions of moderate weber numbers

The experimental procedure has been developed and studies using high-speed (105 frames per second) system of cross-correlation video registration of a change in the shape of drops for the most typical liquids that are widely used in various chemical technologies (water, kerosene, and ethyl alcohol) have been carried out. The liquids move with significantly subsonic speeds (up to 5 m/s) in the air environment under the influence of gravitational forces. The initial sizes of drops varied in the range of 3–6 mm. The cyclic nature of the changes in the shapes of drops during movement has been established. Characteristic times of transitions from one shape of drop to another have been measured. Characteristic times of the existence of drops in the form of spheres and ellipses have been defined. Recommendations about the use of geometrical models of liquid drops for theoretical study of heat and mass transfer and hydrodynamics in the course of their movement through gas environments under the conditions of moderate Weber numbers have been formulated.

Boron Particles Agglomeration and Slag Formation During Combustion of Energetic Condensed Systems

Boron is a promising component of energetic condensed systems due to its high gravimetric heat value, which is significantly higher than that one of aluminum. In the present work, two non-equilibrium processes, i.e., boron particles agglomeration and framework (slag) formation during combustion of high-energy compositions were investigated experimentally. The quench particle collection bomb technique was used to collect the condensed combustion products formed under nitrogen pressures of 0.1 – 4MPa. The formation of a framework was visualized using high-speed video registration (1200 fps). Particle size, morphology, and surface structure of collected condensed products were evaluated using laser diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. In the experiments, the weight of the collected condensed combustion products was about 30% of the initial sample weight, where 26% belonged to the products collected from the gas phase and 4% were remained in a highly-porous framework. The initial amorphous boron powder consisted of 1-micron particles, whereas agglomerated particles, which were collected from the gas phase, were 10μm in diameter. The burning rate of compositions without binder was 4 times higher and the diameter of collected agglomerates was 10 times larger than those for compositions with binder.

Experimental Research of Mutual Influence of Several Consecutive Water Droplets on Regularities of their Evaporation through High-temperature

Experimental research of the main integral characteristic of several water droplets at their evaporation through high-temperature gases (1100K) was carried out. Features of water droplet movement in a high-temperature gas stream are established. Characteristics of droplet movement at a variety of their initial parameters in a wide range was established by high-speed video registration preservers «Phantom» and software packages «Tema Automotive» and «Phantom Camera Control». The main integral characteristics of several water droplets in the different distance between them were installed. 1 Introd ction The most perspective question in a modern world is a question which connects with research of the movement process of consecutive water droplets through high-temperature gases. These questions are actual for different spheres such as thermal or flame treatment of water, emulsions and suspensions [1, 2] produced on its base. The main drawback of modern systems of thermal cleaning liquids is high fuel consumption for the implementation of the evaporation of water droplets and the necessity for droplet re-transmission through the heating chamber due to the significant liquid entrainment by gases, subsidence and condensation on the walls of its chambers. Entrainment of droplets by combustion products is an important issue for modern fire extinguishing systems by atomized streams [2, 3, 4]. Until recently, all this is due to the lack of approaches and methods for the reliable experimental studies of complex of interrelated occurring heat and mass transfer processes, phase transformations and chemical response for gas-vapor-droplet systems. The aim of this work is an experimental research of the mutual influence of several moving water droplets on the laws of their evaporation during motion in a stream of high-temperature gases. a Corresponding author: pavelspa@tpu.ru DOI: 10.1051/ C © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2015 / 0 0 ( 2015) 201 conf Web of Conferences 5 MATEC atec m 0 3 , 3 0 00 1 1 7 7

Modulation of the cardiomyocyte contraction inside a hydrostatic pressure bioreactor: in vitro verification of the Frank-Starling law.

We have studied beating mouse cardiac syncytia in vitro in order to assess the inotropic, ergotropic, and chronotropic effects of both increasing and decreasing hydrostatic pressures. In particular, we have performed an image processing analysis to evaluate the kinematics and the dynamics of those pressure-loaded beating syncytia starting from the video registration of their contraction movement. By this analysis, we have verified the Frank-Starling law of the heart in in vitro beating cardiac syncytia and we have obtained their geometrical-functional classification.

Electric stimulation of the tuberomamillary nucleus affects epileptic activity and sleep–wake cycle in a genetic absence epilepsy model

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising approach for epilepsy treatment, but the optimal targets and parameters of stimulation are yet to be investigated. Tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) is involved in EEG desynchronization-one of the proposed mechanisms for DBS action. We studied whether TMN stimulation could interfere with epileptic spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in WAG/Rij rats with inherited absence epilepsy and whether such stimulation would affect sleep-wake cycle. EEG and video registration were used to determine SWD occurrence and stages of sleep and wake during three-hours recording sessions. Stimulation (100Hz) was applied in two modes: closed-loop (with previously determined interruption threshold intensity) or open-loop mode (with 50% or 70% threshold intensity). Closed-loop stimulation successfully interrupted SWDs but elevated their number by 148 ± 54% compared to baseline. It was accompanied by increase in number of episodes but not total duration of both active and passive wakefulness. Open-loop stimulation with amplitude 50% threshold did not change measured parameters, though 70% threshold stimulation reduced SWDs number by 40 ± 9%, significantly raised the amount of active wakefulness and decreased the amount of both slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep. These results suggest that the TMN is unfavorable as a target for DBS as its stimulation may cause alterations in sleep-wake cycle. A careful choosing of parameters and control of sleep-wake activity is necessary when applying DBS in epilepsy.

Моделирование и оптимизация условий применения видеорегистрационного контроля качества при строительстве зданий

Моделирование и оптимизация условий применения видеорегистрационного контроля качества при строительстве зданий

Modeling of eating style and its effect on intake

Observational research has indicated that modeling of eating style might occur when eating in the presence of an eating companion. This experiment investigated the effect of bite frequency of a same-sex eating companion on bite frequency, meal size and meal duration. A total of 30 normal weight young adults (m/f = 8/22, age: 21.2 ± 1.9 years, BMI: 21.2 ± 1.6 kg/m2) had three ad libitum meals together with a same-sex confederate (i.e. instructed eating companion). Confederates were instructed to eat at a slow (3 bites/min), medium (5 bites/min) or fast (7 bites/min) bite frequency in randomized order. Eating style was assessed through video registration and weighing left-overs. It was found that the participants' bite frequency was similar during all three conditions, i.e. slow: 3.9 ± 1.3, medium: 4.0 ± 1.1, fast: 4.0 ± 1.3 bites/min (p = 0.75), as was average bite size (11 ± 2.6 g). Time eaten of the participants was shorter in the medium (14.9 ± 3.6 min) and fast condition (14.4 ± 3.7 min) compared to the slow condition (16.8 ± 4.8 min) (post hoc in both cases p < 0.01), and intake was lower in the medium (634 ± 183 g) and fast condition (624 ± 190 g) compared to the slow condition (701 ± 220 g) (post hoc in both cases p < 0.05). This experimental study suggests that bite frequency is not affected by the confederate. However, the meal duration of the confederates showed a significant effect on the meal duration and meal size of the participants. It seems that intake was influenced as a result of copying meal termination.

SU‐C‐18A‐02: Image‐Based Camera Tracking: Towards Registration of Endoscopic Video to CT

Purpose:Endoscopic examinations are routinely performed on head and neck and esophageal cancer patients. However, these images are underutilized for radiation therapy because there is currently no way to register them to a CT of the patient. The purpose of this work is to develop a method to track the motion of an endoscope within a structure using images from standard clinical equipment. This method will be incorporated into a broader endoscopy/CT registration framework.Methods:We developed a software algorithm to track the motion of an endoscope within an arbitrary structure. We computed frame‐to‐frame rotation and translation of the camera by tracking surface points across the video sequence and utilizing two‐camera epipolar geometry. The resulting 3D camera path was used to recover the surrounding structure via triangulation methods. We tested this algorithm on a rigid cylindrical phantom with a pattern spray‐painted on the inside. We did not constrain the motion of the endoscope while recording, and we did not constrain our measurements using the known structure of the phantom.Results:Our software algorithm can successfully track the general motion of the endoscope as it moves through the phantom. However, our preliminary data do not show a high degree of accuracy in the triangulation of 3D point locations. More rigorous data will be presented at the annual meeting.Conclusion:Image‐based camera tracking is a promising method for endoscopy/CT image registration, and it requires only standard clinical equipment. It is one of two major components needed to achieve endoscopy/CT registration, the second of which is tying the camera path to absolute patient geometry. In addition to this second component, future work will focus on validating our camera tracking algorithm in the presence of clinical imaging features such as patient motion, erratic camera motion, and dynamic scene illumination.

Video registration as a method for studying kinetic parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in Ficus benjamina leaves

A method of imaging and analysis of fluorescence kinetic parameters distributed over leaf area is described in details. Video data recorded by the CCD-camera were processed using free programs VirtualDub and ImageJ. The method allows not only to image the distribution of fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd), but also to obtain fluorescence induction curves, which are corresponded to any region of interest selected within the leaf image. A considerable mosaicism of shade leaves of Ficus benjamina L. was shown on the basis of Rfd values, whose functional significance is discussed from the point of view of adaptation to different light intensities. A pronounced non-uniformity of F. benjamina leaves was revealed in relation to the retention time of the secondary fluorescence maximum (peak M). A method of differential imaging was proposed to allow visualization of this non-uniformity and to demonstrate the existence of the previously unknown phenomenon of secondary chlorophyll fluorescence “wave” in leaves. It was also shown the absence of M peak in the chlorophyll-deficient, lacking the mesophyll leaf sectors, where the residual chlorophyll is originated from guard cell chloroplasts.

Definition of water droplets “strain cycles” in air times dependences on their sizes and movement velocities

Experimental investigation of water droplets deformation regularities during their motion in the air by the action of gravitational forces was executed. Characteristic sizes of droplets were varied in the range from 3 mm to 6 mm. Velocities of droplets movement attained to 5 m/s. The cross-correlation system of video registration was used. More than ten characteristic “strain cycles” of droplets during the 1 m distance motion by them thought the air were established. Characteristic of droplets forms, periods, dimensions and ranges were determined for all “strain cycles”. “Strain cycle” times dependences on velocity and sizes of droplets were established.

Experimental research of heat transfer conditions influence on the distillate fuels ignition characteristics

The experimental studies results of diesel fuel ignition regularities by hot single metal particles and fuel droplets on a heated metal plate surface are presented. The ignition delay time dependences on the initial heat source temperature were determined. The results are a basis for the development of typical liquid fuels ignition models in terms of heat and mass transfer processes in a small neighborhood. Liquid fuels are widely used in road transport and under certain conditions (storage, transport, congestion) are sources of increased danger. They can cause a fire during thermal exposure of high intensity. Heat sources can be different, as well as the conditions of exposure (1-3). To date, mathematical models and solving methods for the ignition of solid (4, 5) and liquid (2, 3) fuels are worked out. Experimental conditions and the ignition characteristics of solid monolithic (9) and dispersed (7) fuels with a local heating source are established. Ignition regularities for films and drops of distillate fuels are studied much worse. The purpose of this work is an experimental study of diesel fuel ignition conditions and characteristics. Two of the most important options for practice are considered: a single fuel film heated up to high temperatures and particle droplets on the heated metal plate surface. Film fuel ignition process research was conducted on the plant (9), the concept of which is shown in Fig. 1, and drop method (1) (the experimental scheme is shown in Fig. 2). In all experiments a video registration of the investigated processes was conducted. The time moments of heat source (particle or plate) contact with a liquid (film or drop, respectively) and the ignition delay time were registered. As the heat sources the steel particles (diameter of dp = 6 · 10 −3 m and a height of hp = 3 · 10 −3 ÷7 · 10 −3 m) and the steel plate (size 5 · 10 −2 × 5 · 10 −2 m and a height hw = 5 · 10 −3 m) were used. Particles fall from a small height (0.01m) onto the fuel film surface. A possible change in its temperature is due to heat sink in the air. It is established that during the fall of the particles temperature is reduced by not more than 5K, which is about ±0.5% depending on the absolute value of the initial particle temperature. Experiments at constant heat source temperature T0 is repeated at least 7 times under identical conditions. Random error in ign determining is no more than ±10% in the experiments with the particle heat source and up to ±16% in the experiments with hot plate. The dependences of the diesel fuel ignition delay times from the initial heat source temperature obtained from the experiments results are shown in Fig. 3. Measurements have shown that the temperature of the massive plate during the experiment remained virtually unchanged (droplet sizes This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Clustering Dynamic Textures with the Hierarchical EM Algorithm for Modeling Video

Dynamic texture (DT) is a probabilistic generative model, defined over space and time, that represents a video as the output of a linear dynamical system (LDS). The DT model has been applied to a wide variety of computer vision problems, such as motion segmentation, motion classification, and video registration. In this paper, we derive a new algorithm for clustering DT models that is based on the hierarchical EM algorithm. The proposed clustering algorithm is capable of both clustering DTs and learning novel DT cluster centers that are representative of the cluster members in a manner that is consistent with the underlying generative probabilistic model of the DT. We also derive an efficient recursive algorithm for sensitivity analysis of the discrete-time Kalman smoothing filter, which is used as the basis for computing expectations in the E-step of the HEM algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of the clustering algorithm on several applications in motion analysis, including hierarchical motion clustering, semantic motion annotation, and learning bag-of-systems (BoS) codebooks for dynamic texture recognition.

A Variational Approach to Video Registration with Subspace Constraints

This paper addresses the problem of non-rigid video registration, or the computation of optical flow from a reference frame to each of the subsequent images in a sequence, when the camera views deformable objects. We exploit the high correlation between 2D trajectories of different points on the same non-rigid surface by assuming that the displacement of any point throughout the sequence can be expressed in a compact way as a linear combination of a low-rank motion basis. This subspace constraint effectively acts as a trajectory regularization term leading to temporally consistent optical flow. We formulate it as a robust soft constraint within a variational framework by penalizing flow fields that lie outside the low-rank manifold. The resulting energy functional can be decoupled into the optimization of the brightness constancy and spatial regularization terms, leading to an efficient optimization scheme. Additionally, we propose a novel optimization scheme for the case of vector valued images, based on the dualization of the data term. This allows us to extend our approach to deal with colour images which results in significant improvements on the registration results. Finally, we provide a new benchmark dataset, based on motion capture data of a flag waving in the wind, with dense ground truth optical flow for evaluation of multi-frame optical flow algorithms for non-rigid surfaces. Our experiments show that our proposed approach outperforms state of the art optical flow and dense non-rigid registration algorithms.

Evaluation of a system for high-accuracy 3D image-based registration of endoscopic video to C-arm cone-beam CT for image-guided skull base surgery.

The safety of endoscopic skull base surgery can be enhanced by accurate navigation in preoperative computed tomography (CT) or, more recently, intraoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT). The ability to register real-time endoscopic video with CBCT offers an additional advantage by rendering information directly within the visual scene to account for intraoperative anatomical change. However, tracker localization error ( ∼1-2 mm ) limits the accuracy with which video and tomographic images can be registered. This paper reports the first implementation of image-based video-CBCT registration, conducts a detailed quantitation of the dependence of registration accuracy on system parameters, and demonstrates improvement in registration accuracy achieved by the image-based approach. Performance was evaluated as a function of parameters intrinsic to the image-based approach, including system geometry, CBCT image quality, and computational runtime. Overall system performance was evaluated in a cadaver study simulating transsphenoidal skull base tumor excision. Results demonstrated significant improvement in registration accuracy with a mean reprojection distance error of 1.28 mm for the image-based approach versus 1.82 mm for the conventional tracker-based method. Image-based registration was highly robust against CBCT image quality factors of noise and resolution, permitting integration with low-dose intraoperative CBCT.

Task-free electrocorticography frequency mapping of the motor cortex

ObjectiveElectrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is the current gold standard for functional mapping of the eloquent cortex prior to epilepsy surgery. The procedure is, however, time-consuming and quite demanding for patients. Electrocorticography frequency mapping (ECoG mapping) has been suggested as an adjunct method. Here, we investigated whether it is possible to perform mapping of motor regions using ECoG data of spontaneous movements. MethodsUsing the video registration of seven epilepsy patients who underwent electrocorticography and ESM, we selected periods of spontaneous hand and arm movements and periods of rest. Frequency analysis was performed, and electrodes showing a significant change in power (4–7, 8–14, 15–25, 26–45 or 65–95Hz) were compared with those being identified as relevant for hand and/or arm movement by ESM. ResultsAll frequency bands showed a high specificity (>0.80), and the 65–95Hz frequency band additionally had a high sensitivity (0.82) for identifying ESM positive electrodes. ConclusionsOur data show a good match between ECoG mapping of spontaneous movements and ESM data. SignificanceThe accurate match suggests that ECoG mapping of the motor cortex using spontaneous movements may be a valuable complement to ESM, especially when other options requiring patient cooperation fail.

The startle syndromes: Physiology and treatment

SummaryStartle syndromes are paroxysmal and show stimulus sensitivity, placing them in the differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures. Startle syndromes form a heterogeneous group of disorders with three categories: hyperekplexia (HPX), stimulus‐induced disorders, and neuropsychiatric syndromes. HPX is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle reflex combined with stiffness and is caused by mutations in different parts of the inhibitory glycine receptor, leading to brainstem pathology. The preserved consciousness distinguishes it from epileptic seizures. Clonazepam is the first‐choice therapy. The stimulus‐induced disorders cover a broad range of epileptic and nonepileptic disorders, and distinguishing the two can be difficult. Additional information from electroencephalography (EEG) and video registration can help. Many stimulus‐induced disorders now have an identified gene defect. Antiepileptic drugs, including benzodiazepines, are frequently mentioned as the best treatment option. Neuropsychiatric syndromes are on the borderland of neurology and psychiatry, and their etiology is poorly understood. These syndromes include startle‐induced tics, culture‐specific disorders such as Latah, and functional startle syndromes. The electromyography (EMG) startle reflex in these syndromes is characterized by variable recruitment patterns and the presence of a second “orienting” response. Treatment options are limited, but urgently required. In the clinical setting, the patient’s history and a (home) video recording together with genetic and electrophysiologic testing help to classify these challenging disorders.