Narrative Video Research Articles

Introduction of Suturing Skills Acquisition into Undergraduate Surgical Education: Early Experience from Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Background:Undergraduate medical students of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, had over the years acquired various skills informally without structured training in basic skills in wound closure. The Department of Surgery introduced suturing skills acquisition workshop into the curriculum of the Final-Year Medical Students in 2016. This study describes the preliminary experience and the perception of the participants.Methods:All students undergoing the senior rotations in surgery and surgical specialties were taken through a day suturing skills workshop at the surgical skills laboratory. Skills were demonstrated using validated narrative videos followed by practical sessions supervised by senior registrars and consultant surgeons. All participants were requested to complete a feedback form after the workshop.Results:One hundred and eighty students were trained in six workshop sessions per year over two academic sessions. There were 128 (71.1%) male and 52 (28.9%) female students trained by 9 consultants and 13 senior registrars with 15–17 students in each session. Self-assessment feedback after the workshop revealed that all but 3 (1.7%) students felt very confident in handling basic instruments, 102 (56.7%) were confident of their proficiency in basic suturing, 68 (37.8) were less confident, whereas 10 (5.6%) were not confident looking ahead and 82 students (46.1%) wanted additional skills to attain proficiency in some common surgical procedures prior to graduation.Conclusion:The department achieved the aim of introducing suturing skills acquisition into undergraduate surgical education. In the future, other surgical skills acquisition workshops may be considered as desired by the students.

From television to cinema and back to television again (25 years later) : Twin Peaks' ambivalent scriptwriting approach

While the tension between cinematic and television storytelling may be explored from a variety of perspectives, I am going to focus on the particular experience of Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (David Lynch, USA-France, 1992, 135 min), the cinematic extension of the cult multi-tiered narrative television series. Perceived mostly as an excessively celebrated television movie at the time of its release, more recently Fire Walk with Me has been reappraised, its aesthetic value and narrative connections with the TV show having been accurately reassessed on the occasion of the 2017 revival. In the light of David Lynch’s singular approach to screenwriting, the film may be considered an instance of a television-to-film transition that specifically questions the boundaries between television and cinema narrative strategies and structures. If the cinematic quality of the TV series has been widely praised, I wish to present the film as a work of serial narrative. In an attempt to highlight the aesthetic and narrative reiteration and continuity that it introduces, I will first reconnect Fire Walk with Me, and therefore the TV show, to an earlier and rather peculiar self-contained version of Twin Peaks, namely, the version of the series’ pilot known as The European Version with an Alternate End (1990) distributed on the international market as a TV movie. I will then add an analysis of The Missing Pieces (2014), the feature-length recollection of Fire Walk with Me’s outtakes (re)edited by David Lynch only a few years before Twin Peaks: The Return. My main contention is that both the episodic structure and the narrative strategy of Twin Peaks’ cinematic adaptation are conceived to intensify and extend within the feature film format the experience of a continuing story allowed by television.

Diegetic and non-diegetic surprises, and their effect on liking, long-term recall and comprehension in narrative television commercials

The aim of this experiment is to classify surprises in audiovisual narratives, and to measure the efficacy of surprise in audiovisual stories in terms of liking, long-term recall and comprehension in television commercials. The theoretical analysis leads to distinguish 3 types of audiovisual narrative surprises: non-diegetic, diegetic implausible and diegetic plausible. In order to test these types of surprises with complete and homogeneous stories in terms of duration, and to show many of these types of surprises to each participant, 16 narrative television commercials (M=40,68 seconds) were used as stimuli in this study. The experimental design was a 4 groups (3 groups of surprise, and 1 non-surprise group, 4 stories each) fully randomised experiment (N=120, Age: 18-24). The results showed that surprise had a significant enhancing effect on liking, on the day of the viewing (c² (3,N=480)=5.83, p=0.12), and one month after (c² (3,N=480)=10.38, p=.016); an ANOVA test showed a significant relation between surprise and the degree of comprehension (F(1,480)=12.14), p

O Corpo Juvenil Televisual

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um caminho metodológico para analisar as relações entre as marcas narrativas televisivas e os audiovisuais produzidos e disponibilizados na internet pelas juventudes como ferramentas de disputas políticas. Parto do pressuposto que, na década de 1980, forjou-se no Brasil um imaginário de consumo televisivo através de uma pedagogia estética dos modos de produção vinculados ao audiovisual com a finalidade de interligar cultura juvenil e televisiva. Proponho analisar as maneiras como esse saber estético apresenta-se como uma referência importante de visibilidades juvenis em audiovisuais compartilhados nas redes sociais. O Corpo Juvenil Televisual será mapeado a partir de três eixos: 1) o momento histórico em que uma cultura televisiva e juvenil se consolidou no Brasil; 2) as maneiras de narrar através do popular e 3) a performance.

Juxtaposing professional identities and (re)telling pedagogical relations through experimental video-based research

Abstract This article focuses on art-based methodologies (ABR), particularly on practices based on the moving image such as experimental cinema/video and on how they can contribute to the construction of professional identities in art education and art-based educational research (ABER). As feminists, we locate ourselves in postcolonial visual culture studies and critical film/pedagogical theories. We explore how experimental video-based research, and auto-ethnographic video making, leads to a reflexive space in which to connect the artist–researcher–educator with the other bodies that participate in the research – María Ruido and a group of five fine art students. We focus our attention on the processes of narrating-editing as an autoethnographic and experimental way to produce the video narrative and the text Juxtaposition (2017). Finally, we show how the processes of narrating-editing enable the relocation of the different bodies, spaces and times and the juxtaposition of professional identities.

Environmental education in television narratives: a Brazilian case study

This article discusses recent Brazilian research on the relationship between environmental education and cultural studies. Television narratives about the environment and/or sustainability in our everyday lives are used to pose some initial questions about this relation. First, culture is discussed briefly showing how it potentially relates to teaching and informs our role as environmental educators. We argue that culturalist perspectives on research in environmental education politicise teaching practices, even though they are in a context that strays from prerogatives that envisage a future world marked by sustainable development and a green economy. We investigate the impacts of television narratives and images on our everyday lives wherein we are consistently taught particular written and visual messages about how to plan for our future. Examples are draw from the teaching effects of a Brazilian television programme called Repórter Eco, broadcast on a public television network, including the sustainable management of the baru (a typical tree from the Brazilia Cerrado). We argue the educational aspects of television programmes should receive critique, as the relationships established between people and various media artifacts produce particular meanings and ways of seeing the world. This presents a challenge for teachers as examining these subjective ways carefully requires critical examination, not only in terms of education for sustainability or environmental preservation, but also teaching using media.

Depression, emotional states, and the experience of binge-watching narrative television

ABSTRACTTerms like “binge-watching” and the “showhole” suggest a relationship between binge-watching and emotional health. This study sought to understand the relationship between binge-watching, unhealthy emotional traits, and regular emotional states such as sadness. The study found that emotional states experienced after binge-watching had implications for entertainment gratifications. However, the study did not find a conclusive connection between binge-watching and unhealthy emotional traits.

Tablet-based disclosure counselling for HIV-infected children, adolescents, and their caregivers: a pilot study

Background: Overwhelmed, under-trained medical staff working in resource-limited settings need efficient resources for HIV disclosure counselling. The objective of this study was to describe providers’ experiences using tablet computers for disclosure-related counselling with HIV-infected children and their caregivers in western Kenya, with additional perspectives from adolescents.Methods: A qualitative study design was implemented at three HIV clinics in western Kenya (Bumala, Busia and Port Victoria) within the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) partnership. Twenty-one healthcare providers involved with paediatric disclosure were recruited and enrolled in the study. Initial interviews focused on understanding current disclosure practices and barriers. Tablets containing disclosure-related resources were distributed. Resources included short narrative videos created in this context to highlight issues relevant to child HIV disclosure.Results: Providers reported tablets improved disclosure, child participation, and medication adherence. All reported that reviewing materials increased their knowledge and comfort with disclosure. The most frequently used materials were the narrative videos and an animated video explaining the importance of medication adherence. Time was a major barrier for using the tablet. Clinician self-education persisted at one-year follow-up. Adolescents expressed enjoyment from viewing the tablet resources and had a better understanding of the importance of medication adherence.Conclusions: Tablet computers containing resources for disclosure are an acceptable and potentially effective resource to help providers support families with disclosure. Further work is needed to train the clinical providers in using the resources in a developmentally appropriate manner, and to develop new resources on adolescent-specific and HIV-related topics.

Multiple Visions, Multiple Voices: A Dialogic Methodology for Teaching in Higher Education

This article aims at contributing to the development of teaching methodologies which can foster transformative learning in higher education. It presents a workshop experience, embedded in an undergraduate course, whereby active and dialogic methodology was designed to support the students in maturing self-awareness about their epistemologies and perspectives. The workshop used video narrative as language that allows exploration of the students’ assumptions and the cross-media portfolio to support the learning process in its unfolding. In the first part of the article, we introduce the theoretical frame and contextual premises of the workshop and our different contributions to this study. Then we describe our methodology, through its multiple—visual, narrative, reflective, and reflexive—layers. Finally, we use dialogue to analyze a student’s cross-media portfolio, as an in-depth example of the methodology employed. Our analysis illustrates the complexity and learning potential of this experience of transformative learning practices beyond self-report.

Donald Duck’s garden: The effects of observing iconic reinforcing and contradictory gestures on narrative comprehension

Both speech and gesture play a vital role in human communication. Gesture itself provides an external support to a spoken message. As a consequence, when presented together with speech, gesture has the ability to benefit learning across a variety of tasks, including narrative comprehension. However, the exact mechanisms underlying how the observation of gestures benefits learning are yet to be well understood and cannot be understood without further investigation into the types of gesture that benefit learning. Specifically, gestures themselves are not a homogeneous set, with different kinds of gestures having varying effects on learning. In the current study, we examined the effects of observing iconic gestures that either reinforce (i.e., reinforcing gestures) or contradict (i.e., contradictory gestures) the content of accompanying speech on narrative comprehension in preschool-aged children. Children were presented with a short video narrative that contained either reinforcing gestures, contradictory gestures, or no gestures accompanying the verbal narrative. Results indicated that observing reinforcing gestures significantly benefited narrative comprehension beyond when no gestures were observed. However, observing contradictory gestures was neither significantly beneficial nor significantly detrimental to narrative comprehension beyond observing reinforcing or no gestures. The results from the current study provide valuable insight into the benefits of observing different kinds of iconic gestures on narrative comprehension in preschool-aged children.

Abstract C68: Addressing negative cognitive and affective factors to increase colorectal cancer screening for African Americans

Abstract Introduction/Background: Given the lower colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates and higher mortality for African Americans in the U.S., there is a critical need for effective interventions–especially at the community level (due to lower physician referrals)--to encourage appropriate CRC screening. Prior research on decision making for CRC screening has shown that both cognitive (e.g., expected utility beliefs) and affective factors (e.g., embarassment, fear, disgust about screening tests) influence screening behavior and intentions. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a community-based intervention to address cognitive and affective determinants of screening in order to positively influence behavior change and increase CRC screening. This presentation reports the contextual factors reported in interviews in response to the educational program and video that influenced the understanding and behavior change of participants to seek CRC screening. Methods: This study used a randomized experimental design with pre-post assessments of key dependent variables, plus qualitative interviews of a subsample of participants at one-week and six-months post intervention. African American male and female participants >50 years of age from Buffalo and New York, New York were randomized by program session to receive either a one-time, narrative communication or fact-based, didactic video and educational session about CRC and screening using colonoscopy. Qualitative findings were organized and analyzed using NVivo and the PEN-3 framework. Results: A total of 333 study eligible African Amercian men and women from the two sites were randomized, and 1-week (n=39) and 6-month (n=26) interviews were completed. There were no significant demographic or screening intention differences in this qualitative sample between attendees of the didactic (n=31) and narrative (n=34) programs at baseline. Reported changes in awareness and feelings about colonoscopy in response to the videos demonstrated positive influences on the “Perceptions,” affective associations, and cognitive factors related to colonoscopy with the highest number (30 v. 23 responses) and the most dramatic responses reported by participants in the Narrative Communication video sessions. Participant responses in the Narrative group included discussion of how the video and program increased comfort level with the test; reduced anxiety, fear, and stress related to the test; increased understanding of the test itself, why and how it is done; and provided a basis for understanding how colonoscopy actually prevents CRC. Presentation of response examples within the PEN-3 framework will elucidate how qualities in the videos may have served to change and influence participants' feelings and knowledge to positively impact CRC screening. Conclusion: Discourse analysis findings from this study suggest that this community-based intervention using culturally targeted, racially concordant videos is an effective tool to convert existing negative cognitive and affective factors that are recognized barriers to CRC screening. Pertinent to these findings, prior baseline analysis (manuscript under review) of the total study sample showed greater need to address knowledge, perceived benefits, and negative feelings about colonoscopy, particularly among African Americans with lower income and education. Therefore, these qualitative findings further support and explain how the video and educational intervention, especially the narrative video, may be especially impactful in addressing social determinants of screening disparities among less educated and lower income African Americans. Citation Format: Deborah O. Erwin, Marc Kiviniemi, Lynne Klasko, Elisa M. Rodriguez, Frances G. Saad-Harfouche, Erin Ellis, Lina Jandorf. Addressing negative cognitive and affective factors to increase colorectal cancer screening for African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C68.

The effectiveness of culturally tailored video narratives on medication understanding and use self-efficacy among stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial study protocol.

Introduction:A substantial number of the world's population appears to end with moderate to severe long-term disability after stroke. Persistent uncontrolled stroke risk factor leads to unpredicted recurrent stroke event. The increasing prevalence of stroke across ages in Malaysia has led to the adaptation of medication therapy adherence clinic (MTAC) framework. The stroke care unit has limited patient education resources especially for patients with medication understanding and use self-efficacy. Nevertheless, only a handful of studies have probed into the effectiveness of video narrative at stroke care centers.Method:This is a behavioral randomized controlled trial of patient education intervention with video narratives for patients with stroke lacking medication understanding and use self-efficacy. The study will recruit up to 200 eligible stroke patients at the neurology tertiary outpatient clinic, whereby they will be requested to return for follow-up approximately 3 months once for up to 12 months. Consenting patients will be randomized to either standard patient education care or intervention with video narratives. The researchers will ensure control of potential confounding factors, as well as unbiased treatment review with prescribed medications only obtained onsite.Results:The primary analysis outcomes will reflect the variances in medication understanding and use self-efficacy scores, as well as the associated factors, such as retention of knowledge, belief and perception changes, whereas stroke risk factor control, for example, self-monitoring and quality of life, will be the secondary outcomes.Discussion and conclusion:The study should be able to determine if video narrative can induce a positive behavioral change towards stroke risk factor control via enhanced medication understanding and use self-efficacy. This intervention is innovative as it combines health belief, motivation, and role model concept to trigger self-efficacy in maintaining healthy behaviors and better disease management.Trial registration:ACTRN (12618000174280).

Modernizing the Mohs Surgery Consultation: Instituting a Video Module for Improved Patient Education and Satisfaction

Studies show that patients recall less than half of the information given by their physicians. Use of video in medicine increases patient comprehension and satisfaction and decreases anxiety. However, studies have not elaborated on video content. To use principles of learning with multimedia to improve the Mohs surgery consultation. The authors developed 2 informational videos on Mohs surgery: traditional versus narrative. The focus of the traditional video was purely didactic. The narrative video included patient testimonials, patient-physician interaction, and animations. New Mohs surgery patients viewed either the traditional (n = 40) or the narrative video (n = 40). Existing Mohs surgery patients (n = 40) viewed both videos. Both groups answered questionnaires about their satisfaction. For new Mohs surgery patients, no significant difference was found between the traditional and the narrative video groups because respondent satisfaction was high for both video formats. For existing Mohs surgery patients, all respondents (100%) reported that videos were helpful for understanding Mohs surgery; however, the majority would recommend the narrative over the traditional format (72.5% vs 27.5%, p = .01). Technology is useful for patient education because all patients preferred seeing a video to no video. Further research is needed to optimize effective multimedia use in patient education.

White Women, U.S. Popular Culture, and Narratives of Addiction

The United States war on drugs has, for decades now, systematically targeted communities of color. This sustained attack on people of color is accomplished through the use of whiteness. Recently, mainstream news media and elected officials have called for a “gentler war on drugs” to address the opioid epidemic. While some may see this as a welcome change, we take a more critical view. Specifically, we examine the role of White women in two popular television series that feature narratives of addiction as a gendered instance of “white drug exceptionalism.” To do this, we conducted a systematic analysis of a narrative television show, Law & Order, and a reality-based show, Intervention, using nine seasons over the same time period (2000–2010). In the procedural drama Law & Order, White women were featured prominently as part of the carceral state, both as police detectives and as prosecutors. Occasionally, White women are portrayed as victims of drug culture. On the rehabinspired Intervention, the majority of all characters are White, and the audience is invited to view drug use and recovery through a white lens that tells a particular kind of story about addiction. Both the carceral model promoted by Law & Order and the therapeutic model valorized by Intervention rely on particular notions of White womanhood mapped onto neoliberal regimes of citizenship that not only compel us all toward “health” and “sobriety” but also warp our collective imagination, so that we only see some drug users as worthy of a gentleness and compassion.

The images in television programs and the potential for learning unknown words

Abstract Previous studies have indicated the potential for incidental vocabulary learning through viewing television. The assumption has been that the imagery in television helps learners acquire vocabulary because when they hear an unfamiliar word, the on-screen images provide semantic support. However, the extent to which imagery in authentic television supports learners in this way is unclear. This study examines 90 target words occurring in single seasons of television, and the degree to which their aural occurrence matched the presentation of a potentially supporting image. Results indicate differences in the way imagery supports potential vocabulary learning in documentary television compared with narrative television, and that this supporting imagery occurred concurrently with the aural form more often in documentary television. Research and pedagogical implications are discussed in detail.

A randomized controlled trial of community health workers using patient stories to support hypertension management: Study protocol

BackgroundUncontrolled hypertension is a significant public health problem in the U.S. with about one half of people able to keep blood pressure (BP) under control. Uncontrolled hypertension leads to increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and death. Furthermore, the social and economic costs of poor hypertension control are staggering. People living with hypertension can benefit from additional educational outreach and support. MethodsThis randomized trial conducted at two Community Health Centers (CHCs) in Massachusetts assessed the effect of community health workers (CHWs) assisting patients with hypertension. In addition to the support provided by CHWs, the study uses video narratives from patients who have worked to control their BP through diet, exercise, and better medication adherence. Participants enrolled in the study were randomly assigned to immediate intervention (I) by CHWs or a delayed intervention (DI) (4 to 6 months later). Each participant was asked to meet with the CHW 5 times (twice in person and three times telephonically). Study outcomes include systolic and diastolic BP, diet, exercise, and body mass index. ConclusionCHWs working directly with patients, using multiple approaches to support patient self-management, can be effective agents to support change in chronic illness management. Moreover, having culturally appropriate tools, such as narratives available through videos, can be an important, cost effective aid to CHWs. Recruitment and intervention delivery within a busy CHC environment required adaptation of the study design and protocols for staff supervision, data collection and intervention delivery and lessons learned are presented. Retrospective trial registrationClinical Trials.gov registration submitted 8/17/16: Protocol ID# 5P60MD006912-02 and Clinical trials.gov ID# NCT02874547 Community Health Workers Using Patient Stories to Support Hypertension Management.

College Student Feedback About Librarian-Created Instructional Videos: Why Aren't They Using Them?

ABSTRACTLibrary instruction videos can enhance student instruction. At a community college, librarian-created videos provided students with academic support. However, the videos were rarely used. In this article, students were sent online surveys to rate videos discussing the American Psychological Association (APA) format. Students were also asked why they did not use the videos. Participants rated several video features, including length, technical aspects, narration, and style. While they overwhelmingly responded that the videos were useful, the students did not know where they were located. The major complaint was related to the videos' technical aspects. Students also reported that they were more inclined to ask for help after watching the video.

From the small screen to breast cancer screening: examining the effects of a television storyline on awareness of genetic risk factors

ABSTRACTBackground: The topic of breast cancer genetics entered the public discourse following Angelina Jolie's 2013 announcement that she carries the BRCA1 mutation and underwent a prophylactic double mastectomy to reduce her breast cancer risk. A year prior to Jolie's announcement, the teen drama 90210 ran an eight-episode story arc on the BRCA gene mutations. This study focuses on an evaluation of the impact of this particular media text within the broader context of research on the persuasive effects of entertainment narratives (i.e. entertainment education).Method: The evaluation consisted of two complementary studies of adult women: a pre-test/post-test study using a panel sample of regular television viewers who were directed to watch a particular episode (Study 1), and a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of frequent 90210 viewers (Study 2).Results: In both studies, storyline exposure was associated with increased knowledge (familiarity with the BRCA gene, knowledge about mastectomy). Study 1 additionally saw evidence of increased fears regarding the consequences of the BRCA gene and intentions to talk to a doctor. In Study 2, the number of episodes viewed was positively related to both knowledge and behavior (finding out about one's family history of breast cancer).Conclusions: These findings suggest that despite unprecedented changes in the ways audiences engage with and consume entertainment media, television narratives remain a powerful method of educating viewers about health risks and inspiring them to take action.

Using EEG to examine the role of attention, working memory, emotion, and imagination in narrative transportation

PurposeThis paper aims to present a study using encephalography (EEG) to investigate consumer responses to narrative videos in energy efficiency social marketing. The purpose is to assess the role of attention, working memory, emotion and imagination in narrative transportation, and how these stages of narrative transportation are ordered temporally.Design/methodology/approachConsumers took part in an EEG experiment during which they were shown four different narrative videos to identify brain response during specific video segments.FindingsThe study found that during the opening segment of the videos, attention, working memory and emotion were high before attenuating with some introspection at the end of this segment. During the story segment of the videos attention, working memory and emotion were also high, with attention decreasing later on but working memory, emotion and imagination being evident. Consumer responses to each of the four videos differed.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that narratives can be a useful approach in energy efficiency social marketing. Specifically, marketers should attempt to gain focused attention and invoke emotional responses, working memory and imagination to help consumers become narratively transported. The fit between story object and story-receiver should also be considered when creating consumer narratives.Social implicationsPolicymakers and organisations that wish to promote pro-social behaviours such as using energy efficiently or eating healthily should consider using narratives.Originality/valueThis research contributes to theory by identifying brain response relating to attention, working memory, emotion and imagination during specific stages of narrative transportation. The study considers the role of attention, emotion, working memory and imagination during reception of stories with different objects, and how these may relate to consumers’ narrative transportation.

Examining effects of medical cannabis narratives on beliefs, attitudes, and intentions related to recreational cannabis: A web-based randomized experiment

BackgroundThis experimental study tests effects of exposure to video narratives about successful symptom relief with Medical Cannabis (MC) on attitudes, beliefs, and intentions related to recreational cannabis use. MethodsPatient video testimonials were modeled after those found in extant media coverage. Israeli participants (N = 396) recruited through an online survey company were randomly assigned to view a narrative or a non-narrative video containing equivalent information about MC. Video content was further manipulated based on whether the protagonist had a stigmatized disease or not, and whether attribution of responsibility for his disease was internal or external. ResultsExposure to patient testimonials indirectly increased positive attitudes, beliefs and intentions related to recreational cannabis use through changing attitudes, beliefs and intentions related to MC. Furthermore, exposure to narratives in which the patient was presented as not to blame for contracting his illness (external attribution) was associated with more positive attitudes, beliefs and intentions toward MC, a factor that was significantly associated with more positive attitudes, beliefs and intentions related to recreational cannabis use. ConclusionsThese results suggest that narrative news media coverage of MC may influence public attitudes toward recreational cannabis. Because such media stories continue to be commonplace, it is important to examine potential spillover effects of this coverage on public perceptions of recreational cannabis. Cannabis prevention programs should address the role of media coverage in shaping public opinion and address the distinction between medical and recreational cannabis use.