Cable Television Research Articles

The blockbuster blueprint: towards a stakeholder theory-based marketing framework

PurposeThis study aims to examine the intricate relationships in the making of a box office through a stakeholder lens that considers the influence of filmmakers and theatres on moviegoers' intention to watch a movie at the theatre.Design/methodology/approachEmploying covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM), this study analyses survey data on cinema-going experience collected from 673 moviegoers in digital era of a new normal.FindingsThe findings elucidate that movie branding, movie genre and theatre preference positively influence moviegoers' intention to watch a movie at the theatre. Furthermore, the study unveils that theatre preference is swayed by an array of personal and social factors, including control belief and social companion. Intriguingly, promotional elements, both commercial and non-commercial, were found to influence movie branding, yet not the genre when predicting theatre attendance intentions.Research limitations/implicationsAmid the burgeoning alternatives for watching movies (e.g. cable television and online streaming platforms), this article offers a contemporary exploration of the variables that motivate audiences to partake in the cinema-going experience, thereby serving as a proxy to decipher the factors that drive a movie's box-office success in digital era.Originality/valueUnlike prior studies relying on archival data, the present study collects and uses survey data to develop a novel stakeholder theory-based marketing framework for the box office and moviegoers. The study also provides seminal insights on the box office and moviegoers in the digital era of a new normal.

The U.S. cable televisions' framing of mass shooting: a grounded discovery of competing narratives

News frames play a vital role in shaping the audience's interpretation of the news, their participation in policy discussions, and their engagement in public discourse. This study uses the Analysis of Topic Model Networks (ANTMA) frame analysis grounded approach and examines the 2017 Sutherland Springs, Texas, mass shooting coverage in a house of worship by three U.S. cable television networks—CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC. News reports for the first seven days following the shooting were collected from the cable networks' Twitter, YouTube, and website accounts. A total of 290 news reports were analyzed and 760 aggregate units for frames were coded. The results demonstrate that ANTMA grounded approach is an effective method for frame analysis and support research about the news media's emphasis on victims, community, and individual frames in cases of mass shootings. They identify differences in the issue-based frame of gun vs. mental health debates. Additional new frames of empathy, interventions, reactions, and security were discovered. Results also show differences in frames used and their frequency between the digital platforms of Twitter, YouTube, and websites and cable organizations. These differences show each media network's ideological perspectives or competing news narratives. The findings raise relevant questions to news coverage, policy debates about mental health and gun violence, and cultural awareness of the problem of mass shootings and public safety as the world becomes more global.

Flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems ads (2019–2020) on traditional U.S. Media by audience demographics

The tobacco industry has historically targeted flavored products to specific U.S. consumer segments, including young people, women, and systemically marginalized groups based on race, ethnicity, or sexual/gender identity. Existing research on target marketing is focused on cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. In contrast, studies of target marketing of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)—a growing segment of the U.S. tobacco product market – are much more limited. We analyzed data on 496 ENDS ads and audience demographics to explore the extent to which flavored ENDS ads on cable television (n = 25 ads), terrestrial radio (n = 412 ads), and in print consumer magazines (n = 59 ads) are targeted to different demographic groups based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We observed flavor-related content in one-quarter to one-third of ENDS ad occurrences during 2019–2020. Across all media outlets examined, audience age was an important factor in explaining the likelihood of ENDS ads containing flavor-related content. For example, within a television channel, there were 3.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39–10.49] times greater odds that an ENDS ad contained flavor-related content versus not for every 1% increase in the proportion of U.S. youth ages 6–17 watching a television show. In addition, there were 2.13 [95 %CI: 1.30–3.51] and 1.61 [95 %CI:1.60–1.63] times greater odds that an ENDS ad contained flavor-related content versus not in cable television and radio stations, respectively, for every 1% increase in the proportion of male audience members. Race/ethnicity was an important explanatory factor for the presence of flavor-related content on radio but not television ENDS ads. Our findings suggest differences in target marketing of flavored ENDS by media outlet and audience demographics.

ОҚЫТУДЫҢ ИНТЕРБЕЛСЕНДІ ӘДІСТЕРІН ОҚУ ҮРДІСІНДЕ ҚОЛДАНУ

Abstract. This article will describe innovative learning technologies, including the types of interactive methods and how they are used in the educational process. Thus, the word "interactive"- the term "interaction" - refers to the tendency to communicate or communicate with someone (a person) or with someone (for example, a computer) in an interview mode. Innovative educational work is formulated through the rational introduction of new technologies that adapt the educational process to productive education. These are modern technologies, such as cable and satellite television, video conferences, telephone forums, telethons, party portfolios, individual achievements in education and upbringing, as well as life skills development trainings, including social training, which tell about various achievements. It was noted that interactive learning is, first of all, learning in which teachers and students interact and conduct interviews. It was about the main goals of interactive learning: – the establishment of free and open creative relationships between students; – orientation of students to independent search for knowledge; – development of skills and abilities necessary for students; He gave an interview to the interactive method and focused on its goals. Note: the purpose of the training is to establish free and open creative relations between students; orientation of the student to an independent search for knowledge; formation of the necessary skills and abilities of the student, etc. In addition, the types of interactive methods: jigsaw method, case study, design method, brainstorming, training, Fishbone method, Spider method, Istanbul game method, Backronym method, hot chair method, business games, role-playing games, essay descriptions will be given, and it will be discussed about the effectiveness of their use. The case study method (situational learning method) is a teaching method used to analyze and predict real or imaginary situations, that is, to describe specific economic and social situations. In the case of a situation (case), we mean a written transmission of the real real situation in the team. For example, it tells about the history of education, organization and creation of the organization, its development, achievements in business, etc. Key words: innovation, interactive method, jigsaw, case study, project, training, brainstorming, fishbone, essay, game, debate.

Expert Credibility and Sentiment in Infodemiology of Hydroxychloroquine's Efficacy on Cable News Programs: Empirical Analysis.

Infodemic exacerbates public health concerns by disseminating unreliable and false scientific facts to a population. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a therapeutic solution emerged as a challenge to public health communication. Internet and social media spread information about hydroxychloroquine, whereas cable television was a vital source. To exemplify, experts discussed in cable television broadcasts about hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19. However, how the experts' comments influenced airtime allocation on cable television to help in public health communication, either during COVID-10 or at other times, is not understood. This study aimed to examine how 3 factors, that is, the credibility of experts as doctors (DOCTOREXPERT), the credibility of government representatives (GOVTEXPERT), and the sentiments (SENTIMENT) expressed in discussions and comments, influence the allocation of airtime (AIRTIME) in cable television broadcasts. SENTIMENT pertains to the information credibility conveyed through the tone and language of experts' comments during cable television broadcasts, in contrast to the individual credibility of the doctor or government representatives because of the degree or affiliations. We collected transcriptions of relevant hydroxychloroquine-related broadcasts on cable television between March 2020 and October 2020. We coded the experts as DOCTOREXPERT or GOVTEXPERT using publicly available data. To determine the sentiments expressed in the broadcasts, we used a machine learning algorithm to code them as POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, NEUTRAL, or MIXED sentiments. The analysis revealed a counterintuitive association between the expertise of doctors (DOCTOREXPERT) and the allocation of airtime, with doctor experts receiving less airtime (P<.001) than the nonexperts in a base model. A more nuanced interaction model suggested that government experts with a doctorate degree received even less airtime (P=.03) compared with nonexperts. Sentiments expressed during the broadcasts played a significant role in airtime allocation, particularly for their direct effects on airtime allocation, more so for NEGATIVE (P<.001), NEUTRAL (P<.001), and MIXED (P=.03) sentiments. Only government experts expressing POSITIVE sentiments during the broadcast received a more extended airtime (P<.001) than nonexperts. Furthermore, NEGATIVE sentiments in the broadcasts were associated with less airtime both for DOCTOREXPERT (P<.001) and GOVTEXPERT (P<.001). Source credibility plays a crucial role in infodemics by ensuring the accuracy and trustworthiness of the information communicated to audiences. However, cable television media may prioritize likeability over credibility, potentially hindering this goal. Surprisingly, the findings of our study suggest that doctors did not get good airtime on hydroxychloroquine-related discussions on cable television. In contrast, government experts as sources received more airtime on hydroxychloroquine-related discussions. Doctors presenting facts with negative sentiments may not help them gain airtime. Conversely, government experts expressing positive sentiments during broadcasts may have better airtime than nonexperts. These findings have implications on the role of source credibility in public health communications.

Evaluating Tiny Houses as a Solution to the Housing Affordability and Environmental Crises

Tiny houses have captured the attention of North American media, with HGTV, the major cable television channel, alone showing three tiny-house related shows: Tiny House Hunters, Tiny House Builders, and Tiny House, Big Living (“HGTV Canada”). One of the first results to appear is the official “Tiny Homes in Canada” website, which claims that tiny homes sit at “the intersection of the housing crisis and the climate crisis” (Tiny Homes in Canada). Notably, this website also proclaims that the tiny home community is a “culturally idealistic response to financial desperation” (Tiny Homes in Canada) and sustainability. Much scholarly research supports the notion that the two primary drivers for tiny house living are affordability and sustainability (Evans; Shearer and Burton). In this paper, I evaluate the actual potential for tiny houses to serve as a solution to the housing affordability and environmental crises, especially in Ontario, Canada. I find that though tiny houses have the potential to be a solution for the housing affordability and environmental crises, they are not a current solution because Ontario legislation renders them somewhat inaccessible. I also explore the lifestyle choices and social conditions associated with tiny house living, as a housing option that is both idealistic (presented as a solution to the overwhelming housing affordability and environmental crises) and pragmatic (financially feasible).

Affective production value on queer community television: a case study of the Gay Cable Network and Gay USA

ABSTRACT This article assesses the significance of the Gay Cable Network (GCN), a production company that aired a dozen shows on public access cable television made by and for LGBTQ New Yorkers. Drawing upon archival research and interviews with producers, hosts, and assistants at GCN, I argue that LGBTQ producers experience both transformational opportunities for political engagement as well as precarity, frustration, and loss through public access cable television production. I evaluate the social experience of television production to analyze what I am calling affective production value: a metric that establishes how community media production generates a range of powerful emotional experiences for its producers. I examine the daily experience of queer television production through GCN founder Lou Maletta’s tireless efforts to produce and distribute LGBTQ programming for more than twenty years as well as the continuing efforts of his contemporaries on Gay USA, an LGBTQ news program that still airs weekly. Examining cable access shows in terms of affective production value allows scholars to decenter normative standards of production quality in order to understand how local production generates meaning for its producers, offering us the opportunity to explore the personal and cultural impact of community television production.

Direct-to-Video (On Demand): New Industrial and Cultural Valuations of Nontheatrical Film Releases

Direct-to-Video (On Demand): New Industrial and Cultural Valuations of Nontheatrical Film Releases

LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF HUMBLEBRAGGING AND OUTRIGHT BRAGGING IN PRE-ELECTION DEBATES

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of bragging in general and its two main types: Humblebragging and Outright bragging in pre-election debates. Also, fundamental driver of the article is to reveal what linguistic “tricks” are employed by political actors when advertising themselves in order the audience to think highly of them.&#x0D; Theoretical material of the research is collected from the works of Peggy Klaus, Meredith Fineman, Ovul Sezer et la and Henry Alford. As for the practical material, it is mainly retrieved from American cable and satellite television network, C-Span.&#x0D; Based on above named sources, investigation revealed that various types of linguistic techniques such as: repetition, personal pronouns, idiomatic expressions, adjectives, intensifiers, comparative forms, superlative forms, rhetorical questions, rhetorical device such as enumeration etc, are used on frequent basis by politicians involved in political battle and bragging assuredly is very effective tool to knock your opponent down.

Scheduling Advertising on Cable Television

Scheduling Advertising on Cable Television Advertisement scheduling is a daily essential operational process in the television business. Efficient distribution of viewers among advertisers allows the television network to satisfy contracts and increase ad sale revenues. Ad scheduling is a challenging multiperiod, mixed-integer programming problem in which the network must create schedules to meet advertisers’ campaign goals and maximize ad revenues. Each campaign must meet a specific target group of viewers and a unique set of constraints. Moreover, the number of viewers is uncertain. To solve this problem, S. Souyris, S. Seshadri, and S. Subramanian develop and implement a practical approach that combines mathematical programming and machine learning to create daily schedules. According to standard business metrics and the small integer programming gap, these schedules are of high quality. Using their methods, leading networks in the United States and India experience a 3% to 5% revenue increase, which translates to about $60 million annually for one prominent user.

Research on the Entertainment Marketing Challenge of HBO

With the development of the global entertainment industry, film and television productions are increasingly branded as commodities in today’s cultural consumption market. Viewing film and television have become an important part of people’s daily and cultural lives, it is particularly urgent to explore the development status and future trends of streaming brands. As a producer of mainstream film and television culture, HBO has grown across media and expanded its brand across the U.S. and international television landscape, where it is now a full-service content provider of original and iconic programming with a unique brand. Although it is generally believed that the birth of HBO changed the world, cable television has also changed how the network continues to shape popular culture and television industry, leading the way in reforming audiovisual consumption patterns, HBO is now facing increasingly serious challenges. This paper focuses on how HBO successfully promotes its programming, the problems that have arisen while expanding its brand in the U.S. and international television landscape and attempts to explore the optimization possibilities of its improvement policy and make recommendations.

IMPACT OF CABLE TELEVISION NETWORK ON CHILDREN’S SOCIALIZATION

The study was about to find out the impact of cable television network on children’s socialization. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between violent programs and aggression among children as well as to find out the affects of cable television on children’s educational outcome. The population of the present study was parents from District Sargodha and multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of tehsil, union councils as well as respondents by adopting simple random sampling technique and convenient sampling technique at different stages. The data was collected by structured questionnaire and SPSS was used for data analysis. The data was analyzed by univariate analysis and bi-variate analysis i.e., chi-square test was applied for hypothesis testing. Results showed that cable television is highly influenced on the socialization of the children as violent behavior is caused due to greater exposure to violent programs. It is also found that it becomes the reason of reducing parent-children interaction pattern due to greater interest in spending time while watching television programs. It is also found that it is a cause of learning uncultured language/words from that programs and children could not pay proper attention on their educational performance as well.

Awareness, Preferences, Perception, and Satisfaction about the Over-The-Top (OTT) Platforms/Players in Anand City, Gujarat, India

Background: Movies and other audio and visual media have traditionally been consumed through outlets like theatres and television. The development of VHS, DVDs, Blu-rays, and disc rental services made technology readily available at home and whenever needed. Furthermore, Co-axial and fibre optic cables were used by cable television to provide the material. Direct-to-home (DTH) technology through satellite and dish communication, which offered high-quality broadcast and on-demand material straight to the consumer, emerged as another improved offering. With the advent of online streaming and Video on Demand (VoD) services, watching movies and TV shows has become more convenient. VoD refers to the streaming of video content via Over-The-Top (OTT) applications over the Internet (OTT). Any Internet-connected device, including a smartphone, smart TV, tablet, desktop computer, laptop, etc., can be used by viewers to access video content via OTT apps. Contrary to traditional media, streaming services present a variety of tales without censorship, box office, or audience restrictions. If the viewers have a reliable Internet connection, it provides a viewing experience with much-increased sound and visual quality [1].&#x0D; Methodology: The article presents data obtained through personal interviews with help of a semi-structured Schedule from individual respondents of Anand city for OTT players. The present study finds out the awareness and preferences for the purchase of OTT players and understands the perceptual map with the help of the Multi-Dimensional Scaling technique (MDS) of OTT players on different parameters like multiple devices and resolution of the video, and Price and subscription plan. This study also tries to find the out satisfaction of respondents towards different OTT players.&#x0D; Results: The majority of the respondents were male, belonged to the age group of 15 to 25 years, represent nuclear family, and the majority of the respondents were students by an occupation. The majority of the respondents had an income between 30k to 40k. Out of 200 respondents, most of the respondents were aware of the OTT. Friends and relatives were the most common source of awareness for OTT platforms. OTT players like Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+Hotstar, YouTube Premium, MX Player, Zee 5, and Sony Liv had high awareness in the study area, and also the majority of respondents were preferring Amazon Prime, Disney+Hotstar, and Netflix for purchase because of their various services like multiple content categorization, multiple user account, and multiple subtitles, and video quality. The perceptual map also represents the perception of the respondents on the basis of different parameters like multiple devices and resolution of the video, and Price and subscription plan. Respondents were satisfied with the Quality of the video content of OTT, followed by their Multiple content and Language, Price, Downloading Speed, and multiple device support.

Factors Influencing Public Opinion in Mass Media News Coverage

Mass media play an extremely important role in the development process of democratic countries. Since the widespread dissemination of paper media and public media such as cable television and radio, more and more new media platforms have begun to appear in the daily lives of citizens as technology advances, excluding the traditional model of government-funded or non-profit media reporting news. This article will focus on the evolution of traditional public media news coverage and how they have gradually changed the public perception of public media in response to social events. The essay will then discuss some of the role’s media coverage has played in the political sphere and the reasons why the phenomenon of political polarization has arisen. In addition, the article includes a reference to how polarized views in real life are deviated from what one would expect. However, with the emergence of commercial media platforms, media coverage needs to be made more reliable through reasonable regulatory measures, and citizens need to understand that news coverage is always topical and limited, and that they need to rely moderately on online social media to avoid over-reliance on the same environmental circle and thus social disengagement.

Impact of Social Media Selected TV Programmes on Current Social Issues and Factors Affected the Categories of Viewers

Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location. The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna commonly referred to as a satellite dish and a low-noise block down converter. A satellite receiver then decodes the desired television programme for viewing on a television set. Receivers can be external set-top boxes, or a built-in television tuner. Satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services. It is usually the only television available in many remote geographic areas without terrestrial television or cable television service. Early systems used analog signals, but modern ones use digital signals which allow transmission of the modern television standard high-definition television, due to the significantly improved spectral efficiency of digital broadcasting.

Determinants of local and foreign TV channels viewership amongst TV audience in the Buea municipality, South West Region, Cameroon

This study seeks to identify audience preferences and the determinants that affect their choice to watch local or foreign television. A quantitative research design was used, with survey as specific method. Some 326 respondents were surveyed in ten (10) core neighbourhoods in Buea Municipality where cable television consumption is widespread. According to the findings, 24.5% (80) of the respondents indicated that they view foreign television always, as opposed to 11% (36) who indicated that they view local television channels always. In this value (always) category therefore, there is a 13.5% gap (in favour of foreign television) in viewership preference between foreign television and local television on a weekly basis. An ANOVA test produced a statistically significant difference at the p &lt; .000 level in audience weekly foreign TV exposure and high-quality content as a determinant of international over local TV viewership with F (4, 321) = 8.457, p &lt; .000. The significance level of 0.000 is less than the threshold value of 0.05, confirming the hypothesis that high-quality content is determinant of audience weekly foreign TV viewership over local channels. Similar statistically significant differences were established for exciting/entertaining programmes and provision of 24 hours TV programmes as a determinant of audience choice for foreign TV over local TV channels. These findings suggest that high quality production content, exciting/entertaining programmes and provision of 24 hours TV programmes were factors that determined high dependence on foreign over local television channels. By implication, local content producers need to focus on these concerns and strive to meet up such audience needs to be able to stand this rife competition from foreign television.

Cable news and COVID-19 vaccine uptake

COVID-19 vaccines have reduced infections and hospitalizations across the globe, yet resistance to vaccination remains strong. This paper investigates the role of cable television news in vaccine hesitancy and associated local vaccination rates in the United States. We find that, in the earlier stages of the vaccine roll-out (starting May 2021), higher local viewership of Fox News Channel has been associated with lower local vaccination rates. We can verify that this association is causal using exogenous geographical variation in the channel lineup. The effect is driven by younger individuals (under 65 years of age), for whom COVID-19 has a low mortality risk. Consistent with changes in beliefs about the effectiveness of the vaccine as a mechanism, we find that Fox News increased reported vaccine hesitancy in local survey responses. We can rule out that the effect is due to differences in partisanship, to local health policies, or to local COVID-19 infections or death rates. The other two major television networks, CNN and MSNBC, have no effect. That, in turn, indicates that more differentiated characteristics, like the networks’ messaging or tendency for controversy, matter and that the effect of Fox News on COVID-19 vaccine uptake is not due to the general consumption of cable news. We also show that there is no historical effect of Fox News on flu vaccination rates, suggesting that the effect is COVID-19-specific and not driven by general skepticism toward vaccines.

Интеграция телекоммуникационных сетей в системе мониторинга с использованием доменных онтологий

This paper discusses the problems of designing cloud-based telecommunication network monitoring systems based on the construction and application of models of such networks in the form of knowledge graphs. The proposed monitor-ing systems combine the functions of systems used by various telecommunications network operators. The considered design approach involves the use of a number of common ontologies and domain-level ontologies, such as the tele-communications services domain ontology (TSDO) and the hybrid telecommunications network (ToCo) ontology. To take into account the specifics of networks and operators in the developed monitoring system, an extension of the do-main ontology is provided. The article considers the case of combining telecommunication networks built on the basis of different domain-level ontologies or without using an ontological model, by adding new ontologies, within the framework of one monitoring system. To automate the design process, an algorithm for comparing classes of domain ontologies with components of telecommunication network models is proposed. The application of the proposed ap-proach is shown on the example of the problem of adding a new network segment to the monitoring system of a cable television operator.

Novel low-cost high-speed optic–electric laser diode pigtail module packaging technology

• At present, the research and development of high-speed laser modules for communication are designed with ceramic components globally. • In module packaging without the ceramic part, the misalignment caused by the deformation results in coupling efficiency loss. • A new type of high-speed laser diode pigtail module is designed to change the structure of a laser module and remove ceramic and process parts. • A laser diode pigtail module package achieves the best coupling efficiency. A high-speed laser diode pigtail for wide-band fiber-optic communications is a key component in optical fiber user loop systems, optical fiber data communication systems, and cable television systems. With the advent of a new type of optic–electric high-speed laser, wide-band communication has emerged. These three systems constitute future mainstreams of optical fiber communications. However, high-speed laser diode pigtails used in module components and process assembly account for extremely high production costs. The proposed pigtail module eliminates ceramic parts and facilitates mass production of the components. An optic fiber (including a jacket) was placed into a ferrule sleeve. The optic fiber did not undergo laser damage, and its stability in the reliability test was ensured by the plastic jacket. The optic fiber terminal surfaces grind the 7° angle to enhance the surface quality of the connector, thereby avoiding reflection and incurring a power loss of 4%. Moreover, achieving alignment in a conventional laser module package without a ceramic part and fiber ferrule is a considerable challenge, and apparently, there are still some issues that need to be resolved. In conventional optical fiber module package, laser welding technique provides a superior joint strength. However, in module packaging without the ceramic part, the misalignment caused by the deformation results in coupling efficiency loss. Therefore, a novel design of laser diode pigtail module packaging is necessary. A transmitter optical subassembly device, receiver optical subassembly device, and transceiver pigtail module can be manufactured in a unified process package. By applying the low-cost packaging technique, the cost and fabrication time of the module packaging were reduced, and the fabrication yield was increased.

HOW THE SUPREME COURT DISTORTED TEXT, IGNORED HISTORY, AND GASLIGHTED THE BOLD PROMISE OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866 A Comcast Case Study

HOW THE SUPREME COURT DISTORTED TEXT, IGNORED HISTORY, AND GASLIGHTED THE BOLD PROMISE OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866 A <i>Comcast</i> Case Study