Accident Victims Research Articles

Clinical effective risks of mortality in road traffic injury victims depending on the severity of damage

Road traffic accidents cause significant trauma to the population and are one of the main causes of mortality in working age. The novelty of the study risk-oriented patterns of severity of damage and mortality of victims of road accidents have been established. The aim - to create of a fundamental basis for the formation of clinical routes and protocols for victims of road accidents by establishing and verification the relationship between the severity of damage and the death of the victims. Material and methods. An analysis of 1,696 cases of road traffic injuries was carried out, and the standardized New Injury Severity Score (NISS) assessment system was used. Results. A probable, but indirect dependence of the clinical effective risk of a negative outcome of the traumatic process in victims on the severity of the damage was established. It was established that the sign of participation in the traffic the formation of clinical effective risks of a negative outcome of the traumatic process, starting with the severity of damage according to the NISS with 25 points. With the same qualitative characteristics, pedestrians have the highest risk of fatality, drivers have the lowest risk. The synergistic effect of the severity of damage and the clinical and anatomical form of the injury was established. Conclusions. The risk of a fatal outcome of a road traffic injury in general directly depends on the severity of damage to the victim, although the dependence is not direct. The clinical and anatomical form of damage together with the severity of the damage have a synergistic effect on the formation of the clinically effective risk of mortality in victims of a road traffic accident, and the predominant influence is the clinical and anatomical form of damage. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Efektivitas Trauma Healing Dalam Mengurangi Trauma Psikologis Pada Korban Kecelakaan Bus Pariwisata di Pagar Alam Tahun 2023

<p><strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) states that there are as many as 1.25 million victims of traffic accidents every year, and 20-50 million people face injuries due to traffic accidents. Accidents have an impact that can be felt on the human body, such as physical injuries that result in trauma to the individual. This accident is a symptom of trauma which affects the brain's memory that it interferes with a person carrying out daily activities, such as always being alert. In this study, the sample taken experienced trauma due to a tourist bus accident because the accident resulted in physical disability and disrupted daily activities. The sample felt anxious and remembered the bus accident every night. This research aims to reduce the subject's psychological trauma due to the tourist bus accident by applying Al-Quran Murotal Therapy. The method in this research is a</strong><strong> </strong><strong>One Shot Case Study Design Experimental research (One Case Design) meaning it consists of one group that is given treatment (Murotal Al-Quran Therapy) then observes the symptoms that occur, then conclusions are drawn. The application of Al-Quran murotal therapy in this research was carried out routinely 2 times a day for 26 weeks. From the subject's 26-week journey in applying Murotal Al-Quran therapy, researchers saw that the journey in physical and mental healing were in line with rational thinking.</strong></p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eyword</em></strong><strong><em>s</em></strong><strong> </strong>-<strong> </strong><em>Accidents, Psychological Trauma, Murotal Al-Quran.</em></p>

Traffic Accident Cost Analysis Using The Gross Output (Human Capital) Method Approach

Based on the Tangerang Police traffic accident data, there were 1,559 accidents that occurred in Tangerang Regency during the last 5 years and have increased every year. These problems need to be studied to determine the factors that cause accidents from the characteristics, and the amount of accident costs as an effort to improve traffic safety on the highway. The study used the EAN (Equivalent Accident Number) method to calculate accident rates and The Gross Output method to calculate accident costs. Based on the calculation of The Gross Output method, the total unit cost of accident victims is Rp. 2,084,725,349.34, - and the amount of accident victim costs is Rp. 9,817,644,067.75, -. The unit cost of an accident is Rp. 2,127,225,346.43, - and the amount of accident costs is Rp. 10,041,644,067.75.

Ocular injuries associated with motor vehicle accidents: long term effects on quality of life.

To describe the prevalence and outcome of motor vehicle accidents-associated ocular injuries. A survey of patients who presented to the emergency room at a level 1 trauma center with motor vehicle accidents-associated ocular injuries. A patient questionnaire and review of clinical notes were conducted for all patients. Of 274 motor vehicle accident victims with ocular injuries who presented to the emergency room, 40 (15%) responded to the survey. Over half of them were driving a vehicle, and most reported wearing a seat belt or a helmet. Most ocular injuries were mild. The most common injuries were bone fractures, subconjunctival hemorrhage, eyelid involvement and corneal injury. Most respondents had no change in vision and perceived their ocular involvement as a minor part of their injury. Most respondents returned to work and to driving within a year. Our study sheds light on the details and extent of ocular involvement and the visual ability to perform daily activities following motor vehicle accidents.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH IN TRANSIT

Traffic is a social phenomenon in which it portrays the structural disposition and positioning of man - machine, in reciprocal interaction and movement with the influences of the social environment, when the dimension of subjectivity breaks with the dichotomies ensnared in modern thought, such as; individual/society, intellectual/emotional, internal/external through a theoretical model on the human psyche from its generative character within the cultural fabric in which people and groups participate. The subject of this study is justified by the fact that, in this social context in which human subjectivities - truck drivers and their risky behaviour - converge, traffic is characterized as an environmental and interdisciplinary phenomenon. To this end, bibliographic sources were searched on various interfaces related to the man-machine dyad, using data sources such as Google Scholar, the Virtual Health Library (VHL), scientific articles and statistical data source platforms. The results related to risk behaviors encompassed the human fact as one of the most impactful (adding other adversities such as fear of dismissal, symptoms of stress, anxiety, competitiveness, homesickness, burnout, psychological and psychiatric illness, victims of violence and traffic accidents, substance abuse); the use of the driver-machine relationship «the house is your truck» and the influences on the issue of driver and passenger vulnerability is a factor that causes numerous accidents. Therefore, in the face of contemporary demands involving pressure and a race against time, a high level of responsibility related to loads and transportation, stressful situations and a lack of healthier psycho-emotional resources is a watershed, determining the life or death of many individuals moving between their worlds. Further research correlating the dimension of human subjectivity is therefore fruitfully suggested, with a view to aligning the profession of truck drivers with safer traffic, promoting the reframing of this phenomenon and safer traffic and preservation of life.

Pelatihan Pengenalan First Aid dan Bantuan Hidup Dasar untuk Para Kader di Desa Karangmulya, Kecamatan Bojongmangu

First Aid in Accidents was a temporary relief and treatment effort for accident victims before receiving more complete assistance from health workers. This cannot be done if the community as the front guard does not have the understanding and skills in initial treatment. First aid was important for accident victims to avoid death or disability. Knowledge of Basic Life Support (BLS) was very necessary to handle these cases. This activity aims to increased knowledge and skills in providing Basic Life Support (BLS) for Health Cadres in Karangmulya village. The method used is training for cadres. The results of the t-test showed that the average pre-test knowledge of the training participants was 4.91 with a median of 4.5 for the pre-test, a standard deviation of 1.130 and an average post-test knowledge score of 6.67 with a standard deviation of 0.89 and a median of 7.00. It can be concluded that there was an increase in knowledge after training with an average difference of 2 scores. This data also shows that cadres are an asset as ordinary people are quick to receive information and learning for emergencies. It is hoped that this activity will be carried out periodically.

자기신체사고 담보에서 보험자의 보상책임 발생요건

In order for an insurer to be liable for compensation in the first party injury insurance case, the accident must have occurred “while the insured was in possession, use, or control of the insured automobile, and (1) was caused by the operation of the insured automobile, or (2) was caused by the operation of the insured automobile if the insured was a passenger in the insured automobile.”
 The case concerned the recognition of the insurer's liability for compensation for bodily injury in an accident in which the driver of a small truck slipped and fell while climbing on the roof of the driver's cabin to cover the tarpaulin to protect the cargo from rain. The Supreme Court overturned the judgments of the first courts and appellate courts and ruled that the driver's injuries met the requirements for compensation for the first party injury insurance. In other words, even if a device is used in accordance with its intended use and is 'temporarily' used for a purpose other than its intended use, if the overall ‘use in accordance with the intended use' can be evaluated as the cause of the accident, it can be said to have broadly recognized the scope of insurance accidents by interpreting it as being included in the first party injury insurance stipulated in the auto insurance contract.
 Since 1999, when the definition of operation in Article 2 of the Compulsory Motor Vehicle Liability Act was amended, the Supreme Court has issued many judgments on the causation of operation, but there are many cases that do not provide clear standards, and in some cases, there are contradictory conclusions regarding the recognition of a substantial causal relationship between operation and an accident despite similar facts.
 Since the essential function of the Compulsory Motor Vehicle Liability Act is to guarantee compensation for damages to “victims of accidents caused by the operation of a motor vehicle” as a means of transportation, it is considered unreasonable to expand the concept of operational causation to an unlimited extent.
 The accident in the subject case was a simple safety accident caused by the driver's negligence. The Compulsory Motor Vehicle Liability Act defines the definition of operation as follows, The term ‘operation’ means using or managing motor vehicles according to their usage, regardless of whether they transport persons or objects. The ruling appears to be an overly broad interpretation of what it means to operate.
 Therefore I disagree with the reasons for the Supreme Court decision.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Jalan Berlubang di Tol Palembang-Lampung

This study aims to analyze the legal protection provided to victims of accidents caused by potholes on the Palembang-Lampung toll road. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach, involving analysis of legal documents, interviews, and field observations. The results show that the losses suffered by victims due to potholes on the road do not always receive adequate compensation in accordance with the losses suffered. Legal protection for victims is still limited and not optimal, especially in terms of fulfilling the rights of victims to compensation and rehabilitation. Improvements in the legal system and law enforcement are needed to ensure that victims of potholes receive legal protection in accordance with their rights. This is important to improve road safety and justice for accident victims

Classification the Characteristics of Traffic Accident Victims in Pariaman Using the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection Algorithm

Traffic accidents are incidents that occur when motor vehicles collide on the road, resulting in damage to vehicles and road infrastructure, as well as the potential for material losses, injuries, physical damage, and even death for those involved. Data from the Indonesian National Police show that the number of traffic accident victims between 2010 and 2020 ranged from 147.798 to 197.560 people, with fatalities predominantly occurring among individuals aged 15-34. The high number of traffic accident victims has negative impacts on various aspects of life, ranging from material losses to physical damage to the victims. Classification is a technique used to group objects or data into pre-defined classes or categories based on their attributes or features. One method in the field of classification is Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID). The results of the classification using this method indicate that the age of the victims and the type of accident are the most significant variables influencing the condition of traffic accident victims. The evaluation of the model using a confusion matrix yielded an accuracy rate of 92%. This indicates that the model performs well in overall data classification.

Analysis of EU Countries’ Capabilities to Achieve Ambitious “Zero Victim” Vision in 2050

The objective of this research paper is to examine and assess the correlation between the economic expansion of European Union member states and the escalating rate of motorization, which subsequently leads to road accidents resulting in significant loss of life and injury. A statistical analysis of economic growth, the rate of motorization, and road incidents in EU member states from 2010 to 2020 constitutes the research methodology. The research paper employs a quantitative approach to analysis and comparison. The research paper demonstrates how an increase in the number of motor vehicles in EU member states contributes to road accidents and human mortality. Varying degrees of economic development are associated with disparities between the rate of motorization expansion and the decline in fatalities. Because the rate of increase in motor vehicle usage surpasses the decline in fatalities per motor vehicle at low-income levels. At increased levels of income, the opposite occurs. Practical Implications: This research paper illustrates the importance for road traffic safety authorities to be aware of safety performance indicators and to incorporate them into legislative deliberations in order to bolster the European Union’s “zero victims” objective and provide enhanced protection for motor vehicle accident victims. Originality – This paper examines the correlation between motorization rates and fatalities in various EU member states with varying degrees of economic development over the past few decades.

Associated factors with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality among road traffic accident victims in southern Iran: results from a trauma registry

Objective: Road traffic crashes are a significant health problem worldwide, causing injury, disability, and death. This study aims to identify associated factors with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality among road traffic accident victims using data from a trauma registry.
 
 Methods: This descriptive study examined 368 road traffic accident patients in the national trauma registry system from March 2021 to March 2023. Following the objectives of the study, a checklist was created that included information on age, gender, marital status, level of education, injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and abbreviated injury scale (AIS). The factors associated with ICU admission and mortality among road traffic accident victims were found significant according to univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses results.
 Results: 87.8% of the 368 patients included in this study were men, with a mean age of 33.54±18.95 years. Ten patients (2.71%) of total died, and 46 (12.5%) needed to be admitted to the ICU. In-hospital mortality and gender were not significantly associated (P=0.081). However, univariate logistic regression revealed several factors significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, including GCS<8 (OR: 60.05, 95% CI: 11.67,309), ISS>16 (OR: 11.39, 95% CI: 2.67,48.55), ICU admission (OR: 5,01, 95% CI: 1.36,18.50), underwent surgery (OR: 0.055, 95% CI: 0.014,0.223), respiratory rate (OR: 0.726, 95% CI: 0.630,0.836), O2 saturation (OR: 0.906, 95% CI: 00.852,0.963), systolic blood pressure (OR: 0.910, 95% CI:0.865,0.957) and temperature (OR: 0.932, 95% CI: 00.891,0.975). Furthermore, the odds of ICU admission was found to be increased with an ISS>16 (OR: 2072.12, 95% CI: 17.29,50644.09), being a pedestrian (OR: 366.53, 95% CI: 31.44,389.85), GCS<8 on admission (OR: 87.64, 95% CI: 29.04,264.43), smoking (OR: 11.92, 95% CI: 1.45,97.64), drug usage before the accident (OR: 11.47, 95% CI: 7.09,18.56), being a motorcyclist (OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 1.06,29.22), age (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05,1.34) and the time duration between the event and admission (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.003,1.02).
 
 Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of timely and effective medical interventions, including surgical procedures, in improving the outcomes of road accident victims. It also highlights the need for targeted preventive measures and interventions for high-risk groups pedestrians and motorcyclists.

Profile of registered cases of occupational exposure to HIV in a referral hospital

A Workplace Accident involving Biological Material (WBA) is one in which the worker comes into contact with potentially contaminated blood and organic fluids. The aim was to determine the profile of cases of occupational exposure to the HIV virus in a referral hospital. This is a retrospective documentary study with a quantitative approach, carried out at the Clementino Fraga Hospital Complex. The population universe of 270 occupational accident records in 2018 indicated this number of cases that were treated at the Hospital Complex, resulting in a sample of 159 medical records. The proposed instrument was a form containing objective questions that addressed socioeconomic data and the objectives of the study. Data collection took place in March and April 2019. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The documents collected showed that the profile of the sample investigated was predominantly female (86%), aged between 20 and 40 (73%), brown (91%) and nursing technician (47%). Considering the object of the study, it was found that in 53% of cases exposure was reported within 12 hours, in 87% the type of exposure was percutaneous, in 59% the organic material involved was blood, in 58% a needle with a lumen was the agent and in 25% improper disposal of sharp material was the most common circumstance. Turning to the preventive aspect, gloves were the PPE most used by professionals in their work (32%). However, a worrying fact was the almost proportional percentage of professionals who reported not using any type of PPE (30%). In addition, 79% of the workers had complete vaccination status, 42% of the cases did not know the source patient and, among the sample of the source patient variable, 52% had an unknown serological result. With regard to the outcome of the accident, 43% of the documents indicated the need for ART, 50% of the sample abandoned the treatment outlined by the doctor and 35% were discharged due to the negative serology of the source patient. Based on the main findings, we would like to draw attention to the need to start prophylaxis in the first two hours after the accident, the need to be careful when disposing of materials perforated during work activities, the need to be vigilant when using mandatory PPE in care practices, the need to know the source patient when carrying out the protocol and the need to actively seek out accident victims who abandon the recommended care.

Prosocial Behaviour Towards Victims of Road Accidents: Examining Personality, Gender and Traumatic Experience

As Ebonyi State develops into a city with the attendant population growth and increasing motor traffic, the category of residents that can form part of the road safety network should be of great concern. The study investigated the strengths of personality, gender and traumatic experience as predictors of prosocial behaviour among motorists in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. One hundred and ninety-nine (199) road users in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, participated in the study. Participants were randomly drawn using a convenient sampling technique in a cross-sectional survey design. The Big-Five Personality Inventory, the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), and the Self-Report Altruism Scale were used for data collection. Data analysis using the multiple regression analysis revealed that some dimensions of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) were positively related to prosocial behaviour; gender was not significantly associated with prosocial behaviour and traumatic stress experience especially and positively predicted prosocial behaviour. The study observed that personality trait is the most significant predictor of prosocial behaviour toward road accident victims. Based on the theory of empathic altruism, we recommend aggressive and widespread education on road safety measures for all ages and establishing a civilian road safety network to complement the efforts of FRSC in Ebonyi State.

Law Enforcement of Single Traffic Accidents Causing Death and Injury of Passengers

The high number of accidents in Indonesia is one of the impacts of the lack of awareness of road users and road transportation providers in maintaining traffic order and road transportation security. Services that are safe, secure, orderly, smooth, and integrated with other modes of transportation can boost the national economy, advance public welfare, strengthen national unity, and be able to uphold the dignity of the nation. This study aims to analyze law enforcement by police officers in single traffic accidents that cause passengers to die and the responsibilities of drivers and the Otobus Company (PO) to victims. The method uses normative legal research with a statutory approach and the concept of law enforcement. The research shows that the maximum punishment imposed on the perpetrators of traffic crimes normatively can be explained by the relatively low maximum punishment ranging from one year to five years and until now the legal basis for capturing the perpetrators of traffic crimes still depends on the Criminal Code inherited from the Dutch Colonial Government. Law enforcement by police officers with the investigation and investigation of criminal cases in the case of a single accident experienced by the suspect on the toll road ensnares the Road Traffic and Transportation Law (LLAJ Law). Drivers and POs are responsible for victims by providing compensation to accident victims following the LLAJ Law by not removing or reducing criminal liability.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Pattern of Thoraco-abdominal Injuries in Victims of Fatal Road Traffic Accidents

Background: Road traffic accidents are preventable public health issues and are becoming more common. These accidents can be linked to a number of factors, including an increase in the number of vehicles on the roads, changes in daily life, a nasty habit of breaking traffic laws, anarchic traffic systems, and risky driving practices. Thoraco-abdominal injury in different forms is one of the major causes of mortality in the victims of fatal road traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to know the pattern of thoraco-abdominal injuries in victims of fatal road traffic accident cases. Material & Method: The present study was conducted at the tertiary healthcare centre in southern Haryana. Total of 75 cases of fatal road traffic accident cases were enrolled during one year of study period. The basic information about the deceased like age, gender, mode of travel of the victim was obtained from investigating officer narration and inquest papers. During autopsy, detailed examination of injuries was carried out and the autopsy findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: It was observed that out of 75 cases male outnumbered females in ratio 5.25:1. Majority of the victims belonged to the age group 21-30 years. The commonest injury of the thoracic region was rib fracture (41.3%). It was also observed that 17.3% of victims had pelvic fracture. Conclusion: Human error is a major contributing factor to fatal RTAs, which can be avoided in many cases. A more stringent licensing policy, particularly for four-wheelers, increased knowledge of traffic laws, the reduction of drug abuse and an appropriate road network that is in line with traffic volume can help to reduce the number of fatal road traffic accidents.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT FIRST AID IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

A traffic accident is an unexpected and unintentional road event involving a vehicle with or without other road users that results in human casualties and property damage (UU RI, 2009). The World Health Organization (2018) states that traffic accidents are ranked eighth as a cause of death in the world with 1.35 million victims dying each year. This study aims to see a picture of community knowledge and attitudes about first aid in traffic accidents in Riau Islands Province in 2022. This type of research is quantitative and the research design used is descriptive with retrospective data collection. The population of this study was 32 people. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. In this study, it is known that the majority of people have high knowledge with 29 respondents (91%) and show a moderate attitude with 27 respondents (84%). This is influenced by several factors, namely education, sources of information, and experience. The results of this study are expected for the community to be able to increase knowledge about and attitudes about first aid in traffic accidents by attending training and education, so that they can participate in first aid efforts for victims of traffic accidents.

Work accident viewed on counterproductive work behavior: The case study of PT. Pertamina

Work accidents occurred upstream and downstream company project activities. PT. Pertamina would be one of the causes of disruption or cessation of project work activities. The risk of failure always existed in every work activity, and when a work accident occured, no matter how small, it could result in detrimental effects, therefore as much as possible and as early as possible, potential work accidents must be prevented or at least reduced in their impact. The lack of knowledge about occupational safety and health was largely due to the belief that occupational safety and health programs would be an additional burden on company costs, even though if we took into account the amount of compensation and compensation funds for work accident victims were smaller than the profits. This research aimed to identify and analyze the occurrence of work accidents at PT. Pertamina in terms of counterproductive work behavior. The approach used in this research was a qualitative approach with a case study research design. The results of the research concluded that the adoption of counterproductive work behavior was starting to be widely implemented in the field of occupational safety and health in order to minimize the number of work accidents and prevention of work accidents could be carried out using methods of elimination, substitution, technical engineering, administrative control and the used of personal protective equipment for workers.

Instrumented Pre-Hospital Care Simulation Mannequin for Use in Spinal Motion Restrictions Scenarios: Validation of Cervical and Lumbar Motion Assessment.

A mid-fidelity simulation mannequin, equipped with an instrumented cervical and lumbar spine, was developed to investigate best practices and train healthcare professionals in applying spinal motion restrictions (SMRs) during the early mobilization and transfer of accident victims with suspected spine injury. The study objectives are to (1) examine accuracy of the cervical and lumbar motions measured with the mannequin; and (2) confirm that the speed of motion has no bearing on this accuracy. Accuracy was evaluated by concurrently comparing the orientation data obtained with the mannequin with that from an optoelectronic system. The mannequin's head and pelvis were moved in all anatomical planes of motion at different speeds. Accuracy, assessed by root-mean-square error, varied between 0.7° and 1.5° in all anatomical planes of motion. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias ranging from -0.7° to 0.6°, with the absolute limit of agreement remaining below 3.5°. The minimal detectable change varied between 1.3° and 2.6°. Motion speed demonstrated no impact on accuracy. The results of this validation study confirm the mannequin's potential to provide accurate measurements of cervical and lumbar motion during simulation scenarios for training and research on the application of SMR.

First Case of Medically Assisted Suicide in Italy Set New Legal Perspectives.

The first act of assisted suicide in Italy was recently carried out. This event is an absolute novelty for the country, affected by recent legislative changes aimed only at introducing the right to interrupt health treatments and, therefore, carry out exclusively omissive end-of-life acts. These normative provisions lay their foundations in a cultural context centered on the protection of the right to life and health; however, the cases that have occurred over time, including the famous story of DJ Fabo, have led the Constitutional Court to re-evaluate these dictates, introducing in 2019 the right to resort to assisted suicide procedures within well-defined areas, including incurability of the condition, the serious suffering of the individual and the retained ability to stand trial. The case addressed concerns a quadriplegic subject who was the victim of a road accident. Following consultation with a specialized institution, the subject made the decision to undergo an assisted sui-cide procedure in Italy. Having obtained the authorization from the competent authorities, he started a fundraiser to finance the devices and drugs required and, finally, he died. The opening by Italy towards the assisted suicide procedure represents a great step towards a broad context, as well as a decisive act for the purpose of protecting the right to self-determination of the individual. However, the current legislative framework presents significant criticalities and shortcomings. In first place, the dissonance between the laws in force and the judicial sentences is likely to generate problems of uneven application of the rules in a country dominated by the principle of Civil Law. Furthermore, the need for the applicant to fully self-finance the procedure clearly clashes with the constitutional principle of free access to care. Then emerges the need for a guideline document regarding the completion of the procedure itself, the times, methods and drugs implied, in order to significantly reduce the decision-making process by the ethics committees that still weighs on each individual case. Finally, conside-ring what has been observed on the subject of voluntary termination of pregnancy, it is necessary to ask what will be the general orientation of the doctors called to perform the act and whether they will be given the opportunity to express their refusal. The case analyzed could represent the beginning of a new era for Italian culture, but the large-scale application of assisted suicide procedures requires the introduction of legislative provisions that definitively eliminate the critical issues that have emerged so far.

Automated Accident Identification and Reporting System

In this fast-paced world, the number of deaths due to the accident is growing at an expeditious rate. Major reasons for these accidents are rash driving, drowsiness, drunken driving, carelessness, etc. An indicator of survival rates after detecting accidents is the time between the occurrence of accidents and the advent of medical care to the victim. The rapid growth of technology has made everything more facile and this advancement in technology additionally increased accidents. Due to this delayed medical attention, the accident victims might die as well. As a solution to these problems, a system that detects road accidents and will provide an alert message through images to the most proximate hospital immediately is introduced. Whenever an accident occurs, the common man can use this app by uploading images of the accident and immediately report it to the nearby hospital and gathering information from RTO database.