Viable Training Research Articles

Student-run free clinics (SRFC) can solve three problems for Pakistan

Madam, Student-run free clinics are primary care bodies run by medical schools where students provide care under the supervision of senior faculty. SRFCs serve three main purposes in society i.e. undergraduate education, primary care and social justice providing care to the socially deprived. (1) It adds an extra layer of primary care and lessens the burden on secondary and tertiary care hospitals. In the United States, more than 75% of institutions are running SRFCs which provide care in chronic disease management, specialty care, imaging, laboratories, pharmaceuticals, and interdisciplinary services. (2) Care provided at these clinics is at par with other primary health care facilities. (3) They are equally important as a tool of undergraduate medical education (UME) as well as a social justice initiative. Considering Pakistan’s current economic status, SRFCs appear as an option worth trying. These free clinics if reasonably funded, could save thousands of dollars for Pakistan’s healthcare system. Such clinics will help monitor chronically ill patients and will be more cost effective as compare to advanced care units. According to the International Diabetes Federation, Pakistan is ranked third highest in number of diabetic cases. (4) These free clinics can reduce the burden by monitoring and providing necessary care to the diabetic population. Depending on the capabilities of the parent institution, the SRFC can provide care in various other areas as well. The SRFCs can serve as a potentially viable training ground for future doctors. Students from academically advanced years can be assigned different types of work at the clinics. Even first and 2nd-year students can be engaged in history taking and vitals monitoring whereas 3rd and 4th-year students can perform clinical examinations and interpretation of lab reports. Fifth year and interns can work under the direct supervision of senior faculty to prescribe medicine, perform minor procedures and lead other junior colleagues as well. This approach could foster a culture of collegiality, leadership, peer-assisted learning (PAL), and community involvement and at the end of all improve students’ clinical skills and confidence in patient management. Students managing such clinics will also get hands-on experience in running a healthcare setup and dealing with governance and legal issues. Advocacy and social justice in medicine can be encouraged using such initiatives. Students who work at these clinics will be introduced to public health, social work, global health initiatives and the importance of primary health care. ---Continue

Barriers Facing Undocumented Medical Students Without DACA.

Despite predictions that the United States will experience a growing physician shortage in the coming decades, there remains a population of would-be clinicians who are barred from becoming licensed physicians because of their immigration status. Undocumented medical students who do not have Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) status have to overcome many barriers to gain admittance to medical school, but because they lack work authorization in the United States, they are unable to enter residency training. In this article, the authors highlight the implications of this dilemma for academic medicine. After detailing the experiences of an undocumented medical student, they examine the historical and policy background of this barrier to licensure and board certification. The authors consider the most immediate option available to academic medical institutions: to create a viable training program that is an alternative to residency. Such an alternative training program would need to be equivalent in quality to an accredited residency program and enable its trainees to become board-certified but not be a form of employment. Finally, the authors conclude with a call for academic medicine to engage in advocacy in support of legislative solutions for undocumented young people.

An Online Communication Partner Training Program: POWR+ Intervention Results for Teachers, Paraeducators, and Children

Paraeducators frequently support children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) but often lack access to effective training opportunities. Similarly, special education teachers are responsible for supervising paraeducators but often lack effective training on AAC and paraeducator supervision. The POWR+ (Prepare the activity and AAC, Offer opportunities for communication, Wait for the child’s communication, Respond to the child’s communication, + model AAC) intervention provides training to both paraeducators and supervising teachers to support communication for children who use AAC. In this study, a single-case multiple probe design was used to examine the effects of the POWR+ intervention (e.g., communication opportunities, responses to child communication, and plus AAC models provided by paraeducators) for three teacher–paraeducator–child teams. As a result of the POWR+ intervention paraeducator communication opportunities and paraeducator AAC models increased for all paraeducators. Increases were also noted for communication turns for one child and paraeducator responses to child communication for two paraeducators. Results indicate that the POWR+ intervention may be a viable training option for paraeducators and teachers who support children who use AAC.

The Determinants of Becoming Sustainable Agropreneurs: Evidence from the Bottom 40 Groups in Malaysia

Training in the agricultural sector has been set as a continuing government agenda to educate people in rural areas. This study aims to identify several determinants that play a key role in developing sustainable agropreneurs in the Bottom 40 (B40) group in Perak, Malaysia. To this end, data were collected from 200 participants in the Agropreneur Community Training Program (ACTP). A quantitative research method was used for describing and analysing the collected data. The results showed that an internal factor, which was the agropreneurs’ attitudes towards behaviour, displayed a significant positive relationship with the expansion of the farm. As for the external factors, the results showed that family support and social networking have a significant positive relationship with increased income. Moreover, the results revealed that subjective norms exhibited a significant negative relationship with increasing income. Accordingly, more representative samples are required to verify the results of the postulated relationships between the internal and external factors of becoming a sustainable agropreneur in rural areas. The agricultural sector has become a pressing global concern, with issues such as natural disasters, wars, and climate change. Thus, the results of this study provide several theoretical and practical insights for government agencies, especially in developing countries, to execute more viable training programs for agropreneurs.

Effect of Contact-Restricted Basic Life Support Training During the Nation's Contact Restriction Policy on Learning Outcomes.

Basic life support (BLS) training aimed at building knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. During training, there is the possibility of airborne COVID-19 transmission. The aim was to evaluate students' knowledge, skills, and course satisfaction following contact-restricted BLS training under the contact restriction policy. From July 2020 to January 2021, a prospective, descriptive study was conducted among fifth-year dental students. Contact-restricted BLS training consisted of online learning, online pre-testing, non-contact training with automated real-time feedback manikins, and remote monitoring. The participants' skills, knowledge through online testing, and course satisfaction were all evaluated after training. At three months and six months after training, their knowledge was re-evaluated through online testing. Fifty-five participants were included in this study. Their mean (SD) knowledge scores after training, at three and six months, were 81.5 (10.8)%, 71.1 (16.4)%, and 65.8 (14.5)%, respectively. The percentage of participants, who passed the skills test on their first, second, and third attempts had been 83.6%, 94.5%, and 100%, respectively. The mean (SD) satisfaction score with the course was 4.87 (0.34) on a five-point Likert score. After training, no participants had COVID-19 infection. Training in contact-restricted BLS had produced acceptable knowledge, skills, and satisfaction results. Knowledge tests, competence tests, and course satisfaction were comparable to conventional pre-pandemic trainings with similar participants. Due to the significant dangers of aerosol disease transmission, it became a viable training alternative. TCTR20210503001 (Thai Clinical Trials Registry).

Simulation device for shoulder reductions: overview of prototyping, testing, and design instructions

BackgroundShoulder dislocations are common occurrences, yet there are few simulation devices to train medical personnel on how to reduce these dislocations. Reductions require a familiarity with the shoulder and a nuanced motion against strong muscle tension. The goal of this work is to describe the design of an easily replicated, low-cost simulator for training shoulder reductions.Materials and methodsAn iterative, stepwise engineering design process was used to design and implement ReducTrain. A needs analysis with clinical experts led to the selection of the traction-countertraction and external rotation methods as educationally relevant techniques to include. A set of design requirements and acceptance criteria was established that considered durability, assembly time, and cost. An iterative prototyping development process was used to meet the acceptance criteria. Testing protocols for each design requirement are also presented. Step-by-step instructions are provided to allow the replication of ReducTrain from easily sourced materials, including plywood, resistance bands, dowels, and various fasteners, as well as a 3D-printed shoulder model, whose printable file is included at a link in the Additional file 1: Appendix.ResultsA description of the final model is given. The total cost for all materials for one ReducTrain model is under US $200, and it takes about 3 h and 20 min to assemble. Based on repetitive testing, the device should not see any noticeable changes in durability after 1000 uses but may exhibit some changes in resistance band strength after 2000 uses.DiscussionThe ReducTrain device fills a gap in emergency medicine and orthopedic simulation. Its wide variety of uses points to its utility in several instructional formats. With the rise of makerspaces and public workshops, the construction of the device can be easily completed. While the device has some limitations, its robust design allows for simple upkeep and a customizable training experience.ConclusionA simplified anatomical design allows for the ReducTrain model to serve as a viable training device for shoulder reductions.

Effects of supra high-intensity interval training in police officers.

The job environment of a police officer involves unusually high physical and mental stressors paired with hours of prolonged sedentary behavior. The availability of police officers to engage in traditional regularly-scheduled exercises is generally restricted by irregular shift hours. Therefore, supra high-intensity interval training (supra HIIT) may be a viable training option as it elicits physical and mental health benefits and a training session can be completed in less than five minutes. Twenty-two police officers (37±8 years) performed 4-minute all-out sessions over 9 weeks. An average of 4±1 supra HIIT workouts was completed per week. Program assessment questions resulted in an overall program satisfaction level of 8.6 on a scale of 10 with very high enjoyment (94%) among the participants. Following the intervention, body fat percentage and fat mass decreased (P=0.003 and 0.028) and muscle mass increased (P=0.002). Arterial stiffness and total cholesterol concentration decreased (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption increased (P=0.010). Wingate anaerobic power and mental and physical health did not change significantly. A supra HIIT program was highly satisfactory and enjoyable to police officers and was accompanied by a number of favorable effects on body composition, aerobic fitness, and arterial stiffness.

Suggested robotic-assisted thoracic surgery training curriculum.

Robotic-assisted surgery, a technological advancement in the field of surgery, has become increasingly popular among surgeons of many specialties over time. Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is comparable to video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in terms of patient care outcomes; however, the perception of increased operative time and a lack of cost-effectiveness have led to controversy regarding its alleged benefits. Nevertheless, robotic surgery is one of the preferred options for minimally invasive surgery by some thoracic surgeon over VATS, due to its ability to provide 3-D vision, precise wrist movements, enhanced magnification, and instrument stability and articulation. Notably, trainees in the field of thoracic surgery experience difficulty gaining knowledge and learning skills associated with RATS due to its complexity, limited access to robotic instruments, the lack of a standardized curriculum for trainees, and lack of mentorship or proctorship, thus leading to a steeper learning curve compared to laparoscopic or VATS procedures that are cost-friendly, easy to learn, and feasible to practice. Nevertheless, focusing on RATS training for thoracic surgeons will keep them familiar with robotic techniques, including the pre-operative setup and intra-operative process, which will ultimately decrease operative times. In this paper, we will review the literature, express and discuss the most viable training curriculum from authors' point of view to help achieve this goal.

Russian vs. American Kettlebell Swing – Which One to Choose?

Kettlebell swing exercises have been proposed as a method for developing power, strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity. There are two distinctive techniques or styles of kettlebell swing: Russian (RKBS) and American (AKBS), and the purpose of this study was to quantify the specific differences within each exercise. The aim of this paper was to determine which style offers greater mechanical output in the form of power, velocity and momentum, with consideration of energy expenditure and injury risk, and which represents a safer version of training operator for developing specific dimensions of strength and power along with muscular endurance. The selected population of physically active men (n=15; age: 27.5±4.5 years; height: 185.9±14.1 cm; weight: 96.1±11.1 kg; kettlebell swing experience: 3.6±2.4 years) were recruited to perform kettlebell swings of both styles. They performed eight maximal swings using a 24 kg kettlebell (~25% bodyweight), during which the concentric and eccentric phases and their respective amplitude, duration, peak and mean velocity, momentum and average power were analysed. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a statistically significant difference between styles in cycle duration, momentum, amplitude and velocities, while power generated was similar for both styles. In conclusion, both styles are viable training options, though the RKBS style presents a potentially safer alternative due to its biomechanical properties.

Classification of animal sounds in a hyperdiverse rainforest using convolutional neural networks with data augmentation

To protect tropical forest biodiversity, we need to be able to detect it reliably, cheaply, and at scale. Automated detection of sound producing animals from passively recorded soundscapes via machine-learning approaches is a promising technique towards this goal, but it is constrained by the necessity of large training data sets. Using soundscapes from a tropical forest in Borneo and a Convolutional Neural Network model (CNN), we investigate i) the minimum viable training data set size for accurate prediction of call types (‘sonotypes’), and ii) the extent to which data augmentation and transfer learning can overcome the issue of small and imbalanced training data sets. We found that even relatively high sample sizes (>80 per sonotype) lead to mediocre accuracy, which however improved significantly with data augmentation and transfer learning, including at extremely small sample sizes (3 per sonotype), regardless of taxonomic group or call characteristics. Neither transfer learning nor data augmentation alone achieved high accuracy. Our results suggest that transfer learning and data augmentation could make the use of CNNs to classify species’ vocalizations feasible even for small soundscape-based projects with many rare species. Retraining our open-source model requires only basic programming skills which makes it possible for individual conservation initiatives to match their local context, in order to enable more evidence-informed management of biodiversity.

Effects of a Short-Term Heat Acclimation Protocol in Elite Amateur Boxers

Stone, BL, Ashley, JD, Skinner, RM, Polanco, JP, Walters, MT, Schilling, BK, and Kellawan, JM. Effects of a short-term heat acclimation protocol in elite amateur boxers. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1966-1971, 2022-Boxing requires proficient technical and tactical skills coupled with high levels of physiological capacity. Although heat and humidity negatively affect acute exercise performance, short-term exercise training in hot and humid environments can lead to physiological adaptations that enhance exercise performance in both hot and thermoneutral conditions. In highly trained endurance athletes, exercise-induced acclimation can occur in as little as 5 days (known as short-term heat acclimation [STHA]). However, the impact of a 5-day heat acclimation (5-DayHA) in combat athletes, such as elite amateur boxers, is unknown. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether a 5-DayHA improves aerobic performance in a thermoneutral environment and causes positive physiological adaptations in elite boxers. Seven elite amateur boxers underwent a 5-DayHA protocol, consisting of 60-minute exercise sessions in an environmental chamber at 32 °C and 70% relative humidity. Repeat sprint test (RST) evaluated aerobic performance in a thermoneutral environment 24 hours before and after the 5-DayHA. Presession and postsession hydration status (urine specific gravity) and body mass were assessed. After a 5-DayHA period, boxers significantly improved RST performance (13 ± 7 to 19 ± 7 sprints, d = 0.92, p = 0.03) but not pre-exercise hydration status (1.02 ± 0.01 to 1.01 ± 0.01, d = 0.82, p = 0.07). Therefore, these findings suggest 5-DayHA enhances aerobic performance in elite-level amateur boxers and may provide a viable training option for elite combat athletes.

Healthcare Simulation: A Key to the Future of Medical Education - A Review.

AimSimulation originates from its application in the military and aviation. It is implemented at various levels of healthcare education and certification today. However, its use remains unevenly distributed across the globe due to misconception regarding its cost and complexity and to lack of evidence for its consistency and validity. Implementation may also be hindered by an array of factors unique to the locale and its norms. Resource-poor settings may benefit from diverting external funds for short-term simulation projects towards collaboration with local experts and local material sourcing to reduce the overall cost and achieve long-term benefits. The recent shift of focus towards patient safety and calls for reduction in training duration have burdened educators with providing adequate quantity and quality of clinical exposure to students and residents in a short time. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely hindered clinical education to curb the spread of illness. Simulation may be beneficial in these circumstances and improve learner confidence. We undertook a literature search on MEDLINE using MeSH terms to obtain relevant information on simulation-based medical education and how to best apply it. Integration of simulation into curricula is an essential step of its implementation. With allocations for deliberate practice and mastery learning under supervision of qualified facilitators, this technology is becoming essential in medical education.PurposeTo review the adaptation, spectrum of use, importance, and resource challenges of simulation in medical education and how best to implement it according to learning theories and best practice guides.ConclusionSimulation offers students and residents with adequate opportunities to practice their clinical skills in a risk-free environment. Unprecedented global catastrophes provide opportunities to explore simulation as a viable training tool. Future research should focus on sustainability of simulation-based medical education in LMICs.

Virtual Reality Simulation for Disaster Preparedness Training in Hospitals: Integrated Review.

BackgroundA critical component of disaster preparedness in hospitals is experiential education and training of health care professionals. A live drill is a well-established, effective training approach, but cost restraints and logistic constraints make clinical implementation challenging, and training opportunities with live drills may be severely limited. Virtual reality simulation (VRS) technology may offer a viable training alternative with its inherent features of reproducibility, just-in-time training, and repeatability.ObjectiveThis integrated review examines the scientific evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of VRS and its practical usefulness in training health care professionals for in-hospital disaster preparedness.MethodsA well-known 4-stage methodology was used for the integrated review process. It consisted of problem identification, a literature search and inclusion criteria determination, 2-stage validation and analysis of searched studies, and presentation of findings. A search of diverse publication repositories was performed. They included Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (PMD), and Embase (EMB).ResultsThe integrated review process resulted in 12 studies being included. Principle findings identified 3 major capabilities of VRS: (1) to realistically simulate the clinical environment and medical practices related to different disaster scenarios, (2) to develop learning effects on increased confidence and enhanced knowledge acquisition, and (3) to enable cost-effective implementation of training programs.ConclusionsThe findings from the integrated review suggested that VRS could be a competitive, cost-effective adjunct to existing training approaches. Although the findings demonstrated the applicability of VRS to different training scenarios, these do not entirely cover all disaster scenarios that could happen in hospitals. This integrated review expects that the recent advances of VR technologies can be 1 of the catalysts to enable the wider adoption of VRS training on challenging clinical scenarios that require sophisticated modeling and environment depiction.

Longitudinal placements for trainee pharmacists: Learning whilst improving patient care.

IntroductionLongitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) have demonstrated benefits for students' learning and development in medical education globally. The model emphasises importance with respect to continuity and time in the workplace for learners. There is a need to explore how LICs become a viable training model for learners. An amalgamative LIC model was drawn upon to inform the design of a placement for trainee pharmacists on a hospital ward. This study sought to determine the local viability of a longitudinal placement for trainee pharmacists, using communities of practice learning theory to interpret findings.MethodsA design‐based research approach informed study design. A longitudinal placement was implemented on two hospital wards for 13 weeks. Trainees (n = 3) were interviewed four times over a 14‐week period. Ward staff (n = 14) were interviewed at week 14. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Qualitative longitudinal analysis, using the trajectory approach, was conducted using abductive analysis. The coded data were organised into a framework and subthemes were created.ResultsTrainees acquired membership within the multi‐disciplinary ward team over time. This led to an enriched learning experience and the trainee's professional development improved as they attained more responsibilities. This enabled them to make a greater contribution to patient care; more medication consultations occurred, and discharge times improved.DiscussionThe local viability of the longitudinal placement appears to be linked to the trainee's ability to acquire membership within the ward community of practice. Membership gave trainee's access to learning opportunities, supporting their development, and they earnt the trust of staff, leading to more responsibilities for providing patient care. Further research into developing longitudinal placements that support trainee healthcare professionals to acquire membership within communities of practice is warranted.

‘All social work takes place in a macro context’: The gap between international social work training and practice

This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study combined data from an online survey with international social workers ( N = 44), and key informant qualitative interviews ( N = 6), to identify gaps and synergies between what is taught in graduate social work programmes and expected by employers. Findings suggested that although social work values align well with international social work, gaps exist between the macro knowledge and skills required for international work and that which graduate training offers. Findings further suggested that if unaddressed, these incompatibilities may contribute to the invisibility of social work as a viable training ground for practice in international aid agencies.

Brief report: A randomized controlled trial of a compensatory cognitive training to improve prospective memory performance in people with schizophrenia or depression

People with schizophrenia or depression have prospective memory (PM) deficits, which affect their daily living. Given the paucity of research into training to correct PM deficits, we subjected a group of participants to a Chinese version of the PM module of the Cognitive Compensatory Training (CCT-C-PM) intervention to study its effect on their PM performance. Specifically, we independently randomized two diagnostic cohorts (schizophrenia and depression) into control groups (occupational therapy only) or experimental groups (CCT-C-PM and occupational therapy). The schizophrenia cohort had 17 participants in its control group and 23 participants in its experimental group. The depression cohort had 10 participants in its control group and 12 participants in its experimental group. The sociodemographic information of the participants was collected. Their symptoms and PM performances were measured at baseline and after treatment (after the completion of the CCT-C-PM intervention in the experimental group and the same timeframe in the control group). The treatment effects were examined by a repeated measure analysis of variance/analysis of covariance and a post hoc Scheffé test. The effect sizes (Cohen's d) of treatments against the controls were also calculated. There was no difference between the experimental and control groups in either cohort in terms of sociodemographic data, symptoms, and PM measures at baseline. The sex combination differed across the groups in the depression cohort. We found that the CCT-C-PM improved PM, especially event-based PM, for which large effect sizes were seen. The effect on time-based PM was unclear and requires future study. Our findings suggest that the CCT-C-PM is a viable training method for improving PM.

Effects of a Flexible Workout System on Performance Gains in Collegiate Athletes.

Walts, CT, Murphy, SM, Stearne, DJ, Rieger, RH, and Clark, KP. Effects of a flexible workout system on performance gains in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1187-1193, 2021-Although research on the topic of periodization is abundant, investigations into different flexible periodization strategies in collegiate athletes are limited. Furthermore, how state of readiness (SOR) and workout autonomy affect training improvements is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a flexible periodization (FP) program would elicit significantly greater performance gains compared with a nonflexible periodization (NP) program (significance set p ≤ 0.05). A total of 32 male and female intercollegiate lacrosse players completed performance measures of vertical jump, sprinting speed, change of direction, and strength in bench press and deadlift. After pretesting, subjects were matched and randomly assigned to either FP (n = 17, age = 19.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.10 m, mass = 72.29 ± 13.73 kg) or NP (n = 15, age = 19.9 ± 1.5 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.08 m, mass = 71.68 ± 13.55 kg) training groups. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The NP group completed all workout volume and intensity as prescribed by a certified strength and conditioning coach. However, the FP group modified workout volume and intensity based on a daily SOR questionnaire. Although appreciable pretest to posttest improvements were observed for the entire subject cohort, multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a series of ANOVA tests demonstrated no statistically significant between-group differences for pretest to posttest changes on any of the performance tests (range of p values: 0.17-0.95). Although FP does not seem to be more effective than NP for eliciting performance gains, it may provide greater opportunities for autonomy while eliciting equivalent improvement levels. Therefore, flexible periodization based on SOR may be a viable training strategy.

Design and Clinical Validation of a Robotic Ankle-Foot Simulator With Series Elastic Actuator for Ankle Clonus Assessment Training

To fulfill the need for reliable and consistent medical training of the neurological examination technique to assess ankle clonus, a series elastic actuator (SEA) based haptic training simulator was proposed and developed. The simulator's mechanism (a hybrid of belt and linkage drive) and controller (impedance control) were designed to render a realistic and safe training environment. Benchtop tests demonstrated that the prototype simulator was able to accurately estimate the interaction torque from the trainee (average RMSE of 0.2 Nm) and closely track a chirp torque command up to 10 Hz (average RMSE of <0.22 Nm). The high-level impedance controller could switch between different clinically encountered states (i.e., no clonus, unsustained clonus, and sustained clonus) based on trainee's assessment technique. The simulator was evaluated by a group of 17 experienced physicians and physical therapists. Subjects were instructed to induce sustained clonus using their normal technique. The simulator was assessed in two common clinical positions (seated and supine). Subjects scored simulation realism on a variety of control features. To expedite controller design iteration, feedback from Day 1 was used to modify simulation parameters prior to testing on Day 2 with a new subject group. On average, all subjects could successfully trigger a sustained clonus response within 4-5 attempts in the first position and 2-3 in the second. Feedback on the fidelity of simulation realism improved between Day 1 and Day 2. Results suggest that this SEA-based simulator could be a viable training tool for healthcare trainees learning to assess ankle clonus.

Effects of Two Isometric Strength Training Methods on Jump and Sprint Performances: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Isometric strength training (IST) with rapid non-sustained contraction (RIST) is effective in improving the ability to generate force rapidly. However, the neuromuscular adaptation of IST with sustained contraction (SIST) and RIST is not known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the neuromuscular adaptations of RIST with SIST. Thirty-three national floorball players (23.9 ± 3.1 years old; 1.69 ± 0.08 m; 64.6 ± 11.1 kg) were recruited for this study. Pre- and post-test included countermovement jump (CMJ), 30-m sprint (TT30), isometric squat at 90° (ISqT90) and 120° (ISqT120) knee angles. They were randomly assigned to either control (Con) (n = 9), RIST (n = 12) or SIST (n = 12) group and performed 12 sessions of intervention training. All groups performed the same sets of exercises, but RIST and SIST had to perform ISqT with and without sustained contraction, respectively. Time × group effect for CMJ height (P = 0.01, ƞ p 2 = 0.25), peak force (PF) (P = 0.03, ƞ p 2 = 0.22) and rate of force development (RFD) (P = 0.02, ƞ p 2 = 0.22) obtained from ISqT120 were noted. A main effect for time was observed in CMJ height, PF obtained from ISqT90 and ISqT120, and RFD obtained from ISqT90 (P < 0.01, 0.27 < ƞ p 2 < 0.57). There was greater improvement in TT30 (P = 0.043, d = 3.00), ISqT90 PF (P = 0.034, d = 3.12), ISqT120 PF (P = 0.003, d = 4.54) and ISqT120 RFD (P = 0.033, d = 1.36) in the SIST than the Con group. SIST was more effective in improving strength and dynamic performance as compared to RIST, making it a viable training method to enhance dynamic performances.

Análise do desenvolvimento de potência de membros inferiores em escolares praticantes de kickboxing

A presente pesquisa buscou obter dados que quantifiquem o desenvolvimento de potência de membros inferiores em praticantes da modalidade de kickboxing, bem como compará-los entre gêneros e com um grupo controle. Utilizou-se o teste de impulsão vertical em 84 alunos do centro de atendimento a criança e ao adolescente do município de Bituruna, no estado do Paraná, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo de intervenção (GK) com 16 meninas e 33 meninos com idade média de 12,5 ± 0,97 anos e grupo controle (GC) com 18 meninas e 17 meninos com idade média de 12,5 ± 1,22 anos. Os dados obtidos em 8 semanas de treinamento apontaram que GK apresentou melhora significativa em ambos os gêneros e GC manteve-se sem apresentar melhoras. Estes números sugerem o uso das lutas na educação física escolar como uma opção de treinamento viável para desenvolvimento de potência muscular de membros inferiores, capacidade física esta é de total importância no bom desempenho de outros desportos.