Viability Of Species Research Articles

ALKBH5 decreases SLC7A11 expression by erasing m6A modification and promotes the ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the major subtype of gastrointestinal malignancy and involves cancer-related genes and signaling pathways to regulate ferroptosis. The present study was conducted to analyze the role of alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in the ferroptosis of CRC cells and provide novel targets for CRC treatment. The transcriptional and protein levels of ALKBH5 and solute carrier family 7 members 11 (SLC7A11) in tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. HCT116 and SW620 cells were transfected with ALKBH5 overexpression vectors to determine cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe+, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 4 using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, fluorescence probe, assay kits, and Western blot assay. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level and the enrichment of m6A on SLC7A11 mRNA were measured by m6A quantitative analysis and m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR, and the mRNA stability was determined after actinomycin D treatment. CRC cells were treated with the combination of SLC7A11 and ALKBH5 overexpression vectors to confirm the mechanism. Nude mice were subcutaneously injected with CRC cells overexpressing ALKBH5. ALKBH5 was downregulated in CRC and ALKBH5 overexpression promoted ROS release and ferroptosis. ALKBH5 erased the m6A modification on SLC7A11 mRNA to reduce the mRNA stability of SLC7A11, further reducing SLC7A11 expression. SLC7A11 overexpression reversed the promotive role of ALKBH5 overexpression in ferroptosis. ALKBH5 upregulation mitigated tumor growth in vivo. ALKBH5 reduced SLC7A11 transcription by erasing m6A modification, thus promoting the ferroptosis of CRC cells.

Implications of Immigrant Arrival Times During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum for Mammal Biogeographic Response to Modern Climate Change

Abilities of taxa to track suitable habitat under climate change is a concern in conservation biology. Projections that assume suitable habitat is limited to currently occupied biomes can produce underestimates of species viability. The geological record is a valuable source of data to test assumptions about habitat tracking because it archives past episodes of climate change. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) ~56 million years ago was an interval of rapid carbon release (millennial scale) and global warming (~5 C) that caused large geographic range shifts in Earth’s biota. Large, stratigraphically controlled fossil collections spanning the PETM in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, document first occurrence data for immigrant mammals and plants, providing evidence of geographic range shifts as well as changes in climate, flora and vegetation. If mammals tracked specific habitats, their intercontinental dispersal would imply continuity of biomes across Holarctica. In that case, intercontinental mammal and plant immigrants should appear concurrently. Instead, mammalian immigrants crossed high latitude belts of warm, temperate forest, then appeared in the Bighorn Basin during the warmest part of the PETM when plant fossils suggest a dry tropical forest. Warm temperate Eurasian plants are rare during the body of the PETM, but become abundant during the recovery, as climate became wetter. Floral change during the PETM recovery is not concurrent with change in mammalian community structure. Distinct patterns of mammalian and plant turnover suggest that mammals did not strictly track plant-defined habitats. Species may be capable of more flexible responses to rapid climate change than current models predict. Efforts that support movement and provide multi-latitudinal networks of protected areas should be prioritized as a viable means to help conserve some species in the face of climate change.

The "Cins" of Our Fathers: Rejuvenated Interest in Colicins to Combat Drug Resistance.

With the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, researchers around the globe are seeking alternatives to stem bacterial pathogenesis. One such alternative is bacteriocins, proteins produced by bacterial species to inhibit the growth and viability of related bacterial species. With their diverse mechanisms, which include pore formation and nuclease activities, and narrow spectrum of activities, which limit their impact to only certain bacterial species, unlike many chemical antibiotics, bacteriocins offer intriguing possibilities to selectively control individual bacterial populations. Within this review, therefore, we highlight current research exploring the application of colicins and microcins, a subset of bacteriocins, with an emphasis on their activities against drug-resistant pathogens, both in in vitro and in vivo settings.

Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Substituted Derivatives of NCR169C Peptide.

Medicago truncatula in symbiosis with its rhizobial bacterium partner produces more than 700 nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides with diverse physicochemical properties. Most of the cationic NCR peptides have antimicrobial activity and the potential to tackle antimicrobial resistance with their novel modes of action. This work focuses on the antibacterial activity of the NCR169 peptide derivatives as we previously demonstrated that the C-terminal sequence of NCR169 (NCR169C17-38) has antifungal activity, affecting the viability, morphology, and biofilm formation of various Candida species. Here, we show that NCR169C17-38 and its various substituted derivatives are also able to kill ESKAPE pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The replacement of the two cysteines with serines enhanced the antimicrobial activity against most of the tested bacteria, indicating that the formation of a disulfide bridge is not required. As tryptophan can play role in the interaction with bacterial membranes and thus in antibacterial activity, we replaced the tryptophans in the NCR169C17-38C12,17/S sequence with various modified tryptophans, namely 5-methyl tryptophan, 5-fluoro tryptophan, 6-fluoro tryptophan, 7-aza tryptophan, and 5-methoxy tryptophan, in the synthesis of NCR169C17-38C12,17/S analogs. The results demonstrate that the presence of modified fluorotryptophans can significantly enhance the antimicrobial activity without notable hemolytic effect, and this finding could be beneficial for the further development of new AMPs from the members of the NCR peptide family.

Dysregulation of Mycobacterium marinum ESX-5 Secretion by Novel 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.

The ESX-5 secretion system is essential for the viability and virulence of slow-growing pathogenic mycobacterial species. In this study, we identified a 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivative as a putative effector of the ESX-5 secretion system. We confirmed that this 1,2,4-oxadiazole and several newly synthesized derivatives inhibited the ESX-5-dependent secretion of active lipase LipY by Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum). Despite reduced lipase activity, we did not observe a defect in LipY secretion itself. Moreover, we found that several other ESX-5 substrates, especially the high molecular-weight PE_PGRS MMAR_5294, were even more abundantly secreted by M. marinum treated with several 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Analysis of M. marinum grown in the presence of different oxadiazole derivatives revealed that the secretion of LipY and the induction of PE_PGRS secretion were, in fact, two independent phenotypes, as we were able to identify structural features in the compounds that specifically induced only one of these phenotypes. Whereas the three most potent 1,2,4-oxadiazoles displayed only a mild effect on the growth of M. marinum or M. tuberculosis in culture, these compounds significantly reduced bacterial burden in M. marinum-infected zebrafish models. In conclusion, we report a 1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold that dysregulates ESX-5 protein secretion.

Characterization of BNT162b2 mRNA to Evaluate Risk of Off-Target Antigen Translation

mRNA vaccines have been established as a safe and effective modality, thanks in large part to the expedited development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition to the active, full-length mRNA transcript, mRNA fragment species can be present as a byproduct of the cell-free transcription manufacturing process or due to mRNA hydrolysis. In the current study, mRNA fragment species from BNT162b2 mRNA were isolated and characterized. The translational viability of intact and fragmented mRNA species was further explored using orthogonal expression systems to understand the risk of truncated spike protein or off-target antigen translation. The study demonstrates that mRNA fragments are primarily derived from premature transcriptional termination during manufacturing, and only full-length mRNA transcripts are viable for expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigen.

Wave energy conversion energizing offshore aquaculture: Prospects along the Portuguese coastline

This paper seeks to identify promising sites and technologies, in Portugal, for co-located wave energy conversion and offshore aquaculture, whilst providing benchmark implementation references and guidelines to researchers. Accordingly, two case study sites are considered for deployment of five wave energy devices and up to six aquaculture species. A thorough analysis in terms of power ratios, efficiency, redundancy, species viability, device survivability and costs is performed, seeking to find viable co-located solutions. It is found that the Wave Dragon device yields the most promising energy demand coverage and energy output (5 226 to 6 817 MWh/year). Nevertheless, it may require rescaling towards optimal operation, while the OCECO 4 excels in terms of capacity factor (0.24–0.29) and default adaptation to the deployment sites. The WaveRoller® has the lowest single-unit cost (125 €/MWh) but requires up to nine units to cover all the energy demand targets. Larger wave farms are required for the BBDB and AquaBuOY, albeit with potentially greater economies of scale and single-unit redundancy. These sites also enable cultivation of most of the considered species, even under ideal conditions. Lastly, it is recommended that the devices enter survivability mode at a significant wave height threshold of 5.5 m.

Phage therapy for Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

Acinetobacter is a gram-negative nosocomial pathogenic bacteria. The contributing factor for the pathogenicity of Acinetobacter is severe due to its property of antibacterial drug resistance. Often antibiotic treatment is used to treat bacterial infection, however due to the resistance of a broad range of antibiotics by Acinetobacter the treatment viability of this bacterial species seems to be reduced. To combat this diverse treatment options are being incorporated with phage therapy being an effective choice due to its intrinsic property to infect bacteria. In this chapter the various phage therapy used in recent times has been elaborated on. The phage therapy is considered to be in response to Carbapenem resistance. The various mode of phage propagation has been mentioned in this chapter along with the type of resistance conferred to the administered therapy. The chapter deals with the advances observed due to therapy of Acibel004, Acibel007, vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7, ZZ1 and Bacteriophage p54 containing Endolysin LysAB54 bacteriophages have been elucidated.

Spatial segregation between phenotypes of the diablotin black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata during the non-breeding period

Despite growing support for ecosystem-based approaches, conservation is mostly implemented at the species level. However, genetic differentiation exists within this taxonomic level, putting genetically distinct populations at risk of local extinction. In the diablotin black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata, an endangered gadfly petrel endemic to the Caribbean, 2 phenotypes have been described: a smaller dark form and a heavier light form, which are genetically distinct. To assess possible differences in the marine distributions of phenotypes, in May 2019, we captured 5 adult black-capped petrels of each phenotype at sea in the western North Atlantic and equipped them with satellite transmitters. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the importance of phenotype on geographic distribution. Using kernel density estimations, we located use areas, quantified spatial overlap between forms, and assessed form-specific exposure to marine threats. Petrels were tracked for 11 to 255 d (mean ± SD: 102.1 ± 74.2 d). During the non-breeding period, all individuals ranged from 28.4 to 43.0° latitude. Phenotypes had significantly distinct non-breeding distributions, independent of time of year. The dark form used waters of the Carolinian marine ecoregion, and the light form used pelagic waters of the Virginian ecoregion, to the north. The dark form was more exposed to marine threats than the light form, in particular to mercury, microplastics, and marine traffic. The light form overlapped with proposed wind energy areas off the central US coast. These differences in exposure suggest possible differences in vulnerability, which can have repercussions on the viability of this imperiled species.

Germination and viability of wild sunflower species seeds stored at room temperature and low humidity for 38 years

The effects of prolonged storage on the germination and viability of seeds of sunflower crop wild relatives stored under less-than-optimal conditions in working genebanks is not known. Seeds of two wild annual species, Helianthus annuus (common wild sunflower) and annual H. petiolaris (prairie sunflower), were stored at room temperature (20 to 22°C) and low humidity of ∼ 22% in the laboratory for 38 years. Germination of stored annual sunflower seeds was 5.5%, while that of prairie sunflower seeds was 0.75%, compared with the germination of freshly harvested seeds of 34.7 and 18.5%, respectively. Tetrazolium, a vital stain, indicated that the seeds were alive. The viability equations were used to predict final viability of the stored seeds. Using the three tests of viability (germination with and without gibberellic acid, and tetrazolium staining), all appeared to underestimate the actual condition of the stored seeds of annual sunflower, but provided better predictions for prairie sunflower. This study indicated that wild sunflower seeds can be stored at less than ideal conditions in working genebanks where viability decreases over time reducing germination, but gibberellic acid treatment can sustainably increase germination to produce a number of plants to maintain the genetic integrity of the original stored seeds often used in long-term prebreeding programmes.

Germination of grass species from dry and wet grasslands in response to osmotic stress under present and future temperatures.

Seed germination is controlled by the soil microclimate, which is expected to change with the temperature increase and rainfall irregularity predicted for the future. Because changes in soil characteristics directly affect species recruitment, vegetation dynamics and resilience, we investigated how caryopses of native grasses from dry and wet grasslands respond to water stress under current and future temperature regimes. Caryopses were collected from 10 grass species in dry and wet grasslands, subjected or not to a fire event, and tested for germination at increasing osmotic potential (0 to -1.0 MPa) at current (17°/27°C night/day) and future (23°/33°C) simulated temperatures. The viability and germination percentages of caryopses from both dry and wet grassland species were progressively reduced as osmotic stress increased, irrespective of temperature regime. The viability of caryopses from wet grassland species was reduced under the future temperature regime, irrespective of osmotic potential. The slow germination of caryopses of dry grassland species at the present temperature regime was absent when they were incubated in the future temperature regime. More intense water stress reduced the survival of caryopses for both dry and wet grassland grass species. The predicted future temperature regime reduced the viability of wet grassland species and altered the germination strategy of dry grassland species. These results indicate that increasing water stress and temperature predicted for the future may compromise the recruitment potential of dry and wet grassland species and directly impact the dynamics and resilience of these ecosystems.

Application of ultrasound technique to evaluate the testicular function and its correlation to the sperm quality after different collection frequency in rams.

The frequency of semen collection is a crucial factor to consider in the rams performance inside breeding centers workout. To evaluate this factor, ram Breeding Soundness Evaluation could include sperm quality evaluation and new predictive and non-invasive tools such as ultrasound technique. In this work, an advanced ultrasonography technology, analyzing the testicular volume, echotexture, and vascular function, was used in three different frequencies of semen collection (abstinence frequency, AF; standard frequency, SF; and intensive frequency, IF). Semen samples were cooled (15°C, 6 h) and evaluated in terms of production, motility, viability, apoptosis, and content of reactive oxygen species. Correlation coefficients were calculated between ultrasonography measurements of echotexture and blood flow and sperm quality parameters. Our results showed an increase in the testicular echotexture when the frequency of semen collection was intensified. Doppler parameters (PSV, RI, PI, TABF) increased (P ≤ 0.05) when the frequency of semen collection was intensified. The sperm motility and functionality decreased in the samples of IF (P ≤ 0.05), evidencing the frequency of semen collection's influence. Moreover, moderate positive correlations were established among echotexture and different Doppler parameters with motility parameters in SF. Furthermore, the influence of abstinence days on AI success was analyzed in a field assay. The highest fertility rates were obtained when males had two to five abstinence days. To conclude, frequency of semen collection could be influenced in terms of semen quantity and sperm quality, showing changes in parenchyma echotexture and testicular vascularization. The standard semen collection frequency was the most adequate option. In addition, ultrasonography may be a predictive tool for estimating variations in the sperm quality of donor rams subjected to different frequencies of semen collection in reproduction centers.

Balancing Rare Species Conservation with Extractive Industries

The Colorado Plateau has abundant oil, gas, and alternative energy potential. This energy potential is scattered among a patchwork of land ownership, with private, tribal, and public lands being actively developed for energy extraction. Elements of biodiversity (e.g., listed and sensitive plant and animal species) are distributed among all land tenures, yet the laws protecting them can vary as a function of land tenure. It is imperative to understand the spatial distributions of threatened endangered, and sensitive species in relation to land tenure to preserve habitat and conserve species populations in areas undergoing energy development. We developed species distribution models and spatial conservation optimization frameworks to explore the interactions among land ownership, existing and potential energy extraction, and biodiversity. Four management scenarios were tested to quantify how different approaches to energy extraction may impact rare plant distributions. Results show that incorporating risk and land tenure in spatially optimized frameworks it is possible to facilitate the long-term viability of rare plant species. The scenarios developed here represent a different attitude towards the value of rare plants and the risk of energy development. Results gives insight into the financial consequences of rare species protection and quantifies the biodiversity costs of energy development across landscapes.

A Primary Study: Investigation of the In vitro Salt Stress Effects on Development in Thymus Cilicicus Boiss. & Bal

Since plants are soil-dependent organisms, they are directly exposed to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Of these factors, salinity has a direct effect on the growth and development of plants, and salinity at increasing rates can be critical for the viability of plant species. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of increasing in vitro salinity on the growth of endemic Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal.. In this context, it has been observed that increasing concentrations of salinity suppress growth, and this study is a preliminary study to investigate the effects of salinity stress at the molecular level in the future.

Featured Collection Introduction: Severe Sustained Drought Revisited: Managing the Colorado River System in Times of Water Shortage 25 Years Later — Part I

Featured Collection Introduction: Severe Sustained Drought Revisited: Managing the Colorado River System in Times of Water Shortage 25 Years Later — Part I

Acute thermal stress and endotoxin exposure modulate metabolism and immunity in marine mussels (Perna canaliculus)

Mass mortalities of New Zealand Green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) are thought to be associated with increased water temperatures and immune challenges from opportunistic pathogens. However, the combined effects of acute thermal stress and immune stimulation on mussels are poorly understood. To investigate these responses, adult mussels were exposed to different temperatures (26 °C [thermal stress] vs 15 °C [ambient]) and a bacterial-derived endotoxin injection (with vs without) to mimic a pathogen infection. Various immunological and metabolic parameters were measured over two days via enzyme staining reactions, flow cytometry, and metabolomic profiling. None of the treatments impacted total and differential haemocyte counts, haemocyte viability or production of reactive oxygen species. Acid phosphatase and phenoloxidase activities were detected only within granulocytes (not in hyalinocytes), although their relative expressions also were not affected. Conversely, metabolite profiling exposed impacts of thermal stress and endotoxin exposure at a metabolic level, indicative of physiological changes in energy expenditure and partitioning. At the higher water temperature, free fatty acid and amino acid constituents increased and decreased, respectively, which supports an elevated energy demand and higher metabolic rate due to thermal stress. Ultimately, energy production is being sustained via multiple routes including the glycolysis pathway, TCA cycle, and β-oxidation. Additionally, branched-chain amino acids, the urea cycle and the glutathione pathway were affected by the higher temperature. The metabolic response of mussels exposed to endotoxin exposure resulted in increased metabolite response largely linked to protein and lipid degradation. After 5 days of exposure, survival data confirmed a severe physiological impact of the higher temperature through incidences of mortality. However, the thermal challenge in combination with the specific endotoxin treatment applied did not lead to a synergistic effect on mortality. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between thermal stress and immunity to better understand the immune defence system in mussels.

Environmental DNA as a management tool for tracking artificial waterhole use in savanna ecosystems

Game parks are the last preserve of many large mammals, and in savanna ecosystems, management of surface waters poses a conservation challenge. In arid and semi-arid regions, water can be a scarce resource during dry seasons and drought. Artificial waterholes are common in parks and reserves across Africa, but can alter mammal community composition by favoring drought intolerant species, with consequences for disease dynamics, and population viability of drought-tolerant species. Analysis of waterborne environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used to inform conservation of rare and invasive species, and conduct large-scale biodiversity assessments. To explore the reliability of eDNA as an indicator of mammal waterhole use in savannas, we compare eDNA metabarcoding and camera traps for documenting artificial waterhole use in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, a global hotspot for mammal diversity. We show that eDNA metabarcoding can recover the majority of mammal species detected by camera traps, including a number of endangered species, but DNA signatures of mammal visitation are temporally limited, with best performance when tracking water-dependent large bodied mammals visiting within two days of sampling. Our results highlight limitation of eDNA based monitoring in these systems, including the lack of long-term eDNA persistence in small and highly utilized waterholes, and variability in detection rates among species. However, we demonstrate that eDNA-based approaches can be used to track mammals of conservation concern, and reflect patterns of recent waterhole use and co-occurrence across water-dependent species, both of which are crucial for making evidence-based decisions regarding water management and provisioning.

Limonene protects human skin keratinocytes against UVB-induced photodamage and photoaging by activating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system.

Long term exposure to solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is one of the primary factors of premature skin aging and is referred to as photoaging. Also, mammalian skin exposed to UVB triggers an increase in production of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentary skin diseases. This study investigated the protective effect of limonene on UVB-induced photodamage and photoaging in immortalized human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) in vitro. Initially, we determined cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Pretreatment with limonene increased cell viability followed by inhibition of intracellular ROS generation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Interestingly, the antioxidative activity of limonene was directly correlated with an increase in expression of endogenous antioxidants, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCLC), which was associated with enhanced nuclear translocation and activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Indeed, Nrf2 knockdown reduced limonene's protective effects. Additionally, we observed that limonene treatment inhibited UVB-induced α-MSH secretion followed by inhibition of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) via suppression of p53 transcriptional activation. Moreover, limonene prevented UVB-mediated depletion of tight junction regulatory proteins, including occludin and zonula occludens-1. On the other hand, limonene treatment significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Based on these results, limonene may have a dermato-protective effect in skin cells by activating the Nrf2-dependent cellular antioxidant defense system.

African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) from the Kruger National Park, South Africa are currently not inbred but have low genomic diversity

African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) have undergone severe population reductions and are listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Small, isolated populations have the potential to suffer from threats to their genetic diversity that may impact species viability and future survival. This study provides the first set of population-wide genomic data to address conservation concerns for this endangered species. Whole genome sequencing data were generated for 71 free-ranging African wild dogs from the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, and used to estimate important population genomic parameters. Genomic diversity metrics revealed that variation levels were low; however, this African wild dog population showed low levels of inbreeding. Very few first- and second-order relationships were observed in this cohort, with most relationships falling into the third-order or distant category. Patterns of homozygosity could have resulted from historical inbreeding or a loss in genome variation due to a population bottleneck. Although the results suggest that this stronghold African wild dog population maintains low levels of inbreeding, likely due to their cooperative breeding system, it may lead to a continuous population decline when a reduced number of suitable mates are available. Consequently, the low genomic variation may influence species viability over time. This study highlights the importance of assessing population genomic parameters to set conservation priorities. Future studies should include the investigation of the potential of this endangered species to adapt to environmental changes considering the low genomic diversity in this population.

Application of natamycin and farnesol as bioprotection agents to inhibit biofilm formation of yeasts and foodborne bacterial pathogens in apple juice processing lines

Biofilms serve as a reservoir for pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, and their removal from different surfaces is a recurring problem in the beverage industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of natamycin (NAT, 0.01 mmol/l) and farnesol (FAR, 0.6 mmol/l) against biofilms on ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and stainless steel (SS) surfaces using apple juice as food matrix. The co-adhesion of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Candida tropicalis, C. krusei and C. kefyr (mixed-yeast) with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli O157:H7 (multi-species) in presence of NAT + FAR was evaluated for 2, 24, 48 h. In biofilms treated with NAT + FAR were observed by cell quantification and microscopy, inhibition of the filamentous yeast forms, disruption of the tri-dimensional structure and a high detachment of yeast cells. NAT + FAR affected the biofilms independently of the surfaces used and the presence (or not) of bacteria. L. monocytogenes was the most susceptible (p < 0.001) in multi-species biofilms, followed by E. coli O157:H7 on both surfaces (p < 0.001), whereas the growth of S. enterica was reduced (p < 0.05) in SS but not in UF-membranes (p > 0.05). Since the combination NAT + FAR affected the structure and viability of yeast species and foodborne pathogens in multi-species biofilms developed on UF-membranes and SS surfaces, the combination proposed could be considered a promising control agent to prevent biofilms in apple juice processing lines.