Veterinary Medicine Faculty Research Articles

CONTRIBUCIONES CIENTIFICAS DE LA FMVZ-UADY SOBRE Petiveria alliacea: ALTERNATIVA DE CONTROL DE GARRAPATAS Y NEMATODOS EN ANIMALES DOMÉSTIC

<p><strong>Background.</strong> In tropical and subtropical regions of the world, ticks and nematodes negatively affect the health and welfare of animals, the search for natural alternatives for parasite control is necessary to reduce resistance and dependence to antiparasitics. <strong>Objective</strong>. To present the main findings on the acaricidal and anthelmintic activity of <em>Petiveria alliacea</em> against ticks and nematodes of domestic animals. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Scientific articles were compiled from studies carried out by the animal health academic research group of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the Autonomous University of Yucatán. The review focused on the use of methanolic extracts and compounds from <em>P. alliacea</em> against larvae and adults of <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em>, as well as against nematodes of the order strongylida such as <em>Ancylostoma</em> spp., <em>Haemonchus</em> spp. and cyathostomids. <strong>Main findings. </strong>Research on the biological activity of <em>P. alliacea</em> extracts have shown their acaricidal and anthelmintic potential. Extracts of <em>P. alliacea</em> showed high mortality rates on larvae and adult females of <em>R. microplus</em> resistant to ixodicides, as well as a decrease in reproductive parameters (inhibition of oviposition and hatching inhibition). The acaricidal activity of <em>P. alliacea</em> is attributed to the presence of the sulfur compounds dibenzyl trisulfide and dibenzyl disulfide, which cause histological damage to the reproductive system of adult females, affecting the oogenesis process. Additionally, <em>P. alliacea</em> demonstrated broad spectrum anthelmintic activity, exhibiting high percentages of hatching inhibition on <em>A. caninum</em>, <em>H. placei</em> and cyathostomid eggs. A difference was also observed in the acaricidal and anthelmintic activity depending on the part of the plant and the time of collection. <strong>Implications.</strong> Further studies are needed to identify anthelmintic active compounds of <em>P. alliacea</em>, elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds, and test both acaricidal and anthelmintic compounds in <em>in vivo</em> studies. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The extracts of <em>P. alliacea</em> and its compounds showed high acaricidal and anthelmintic activity against <em>R. microplus</em> ticks and nematodes of the order strongylida of domestic animals, due to this, they are a potential control alternative for broad spectrum.</p>

Effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of Soybean (Glycine max l.)

A pot experiment was conducted under rainfed condition to study the effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of soybean (Glycine max L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri. The treatments were control (T1) 100g (T2), 150g (T3) and 200g (T4) of water hyacinth compost and replicated four times. The treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), leaf area index, relative growth rate (RGR), Net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot dry weight(g), yield and yield components (Number of pods, pods weight, 100 seed weight). The results obtained indicated that T3 significantly produced highest plant height (57.6cm) compare to control. While it was observed that T4 (200g) significantly produced the highest number of leaves (233.25), leaf area (631.80cm2), shoot dry weight (15.445g), number of pods (129.75), pod weights (25.38g) seed weight (7.23g) and yield (0.72kg/ha) relative to control and other treatment levels. Root parameters were also significantly improved by the rates of water hyacinth application compared to control. It will be worthy to note that there was no nodulation perhaps that was why the yield was poor. The results showed that soybean growth can effectively be improved with incorporation of water hyacinth into soil.

Türkiye'de Ceylanda (Gazella subgutturosa) ilk Teladorsagiozis Vakası

This study is reported the case abomasal teladorsagiosis in gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) that was found dead while under care at wildlife reserve area in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Necropsy was performed to six-year-old, male gazelle, which was found dead in its natural environment and brought to the Department of Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Harran. At necropsy were observed became whitish in color and thickened the plicae spirals on the abomasum mucosa. The microscopic examination, parasites were encountered on the mucosa abomasum and lumen of the glands in lamina propria. Also in the lumen of the glands with parasited were detected necrotic debris and neutrophil leukocyte accumulation and to increase in connective tissue between the glands. This study is the first report case describing of Teladorsagia spp. infection in the abomasum of a gazelle in Turkey.

THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL DRUGS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, PROMISING FOR MEDICINE (PART 1)

Cell and serum nucleases are considered as a natural biological barrier, one of the first links in the body’s antiviral defense: nucleases act on viruses that the usual immunological barrier cannot resist. Inactivation of the enzymatic properties of nucleases also leads to the loss of their antiviral activity. It was found that the nucleases do not inactivate the native virus outside the cell and act mainly on the virus that multiplies in the cells. There is a direct dependence of the antiviral activity of endonuclease on the concentration of the enzyme in the medium. The first antiviral drug created on the basis of the Serratia marcescens endonuclease was called bacterial endonuclease. Its technology was developed by joint research of NIKTI BAS of the Ministry of Medical Industry (Berdsk, Novosibirsk region) and ICIG SB of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1973–1984. Serratia marcescens endonuclease is capable of cleaving the nucleic acids of both RNA and DNA-containing viruses. The enzyme inhibits the reproduction of vesicular stomatitis and smallpox vaccine viruses in chicken fibroblast cell culture, respectively. It was the first antiviral drug in the history of beekeeping, designed to prevent acute and chronic paralysis and other viral diseases of bees. The drug was also intended as an antiviral agent for a wide range of diseases in various organisms. The effectiveness of bacterial endonuclease as a means of prevention and treatment of respiratory viral diseases in calves was studied. The research was carried out at the industrial complex for growing heifers of the Gosnensky state farm in the Leningrad region on calves of a black-and-white breed of 20–60 days old. For the experiments, we used bacterial endonuclease produced by the Vyshnevolotsky Plant of Enzyme Preparations or NICTI BAS of the Ministry of Medical Industry. In the future, NIKTI BAV together with Diafarm LLC developed a second – generation antiviral drug, endoglucin, based on bacterial endonucleosis. Production experiments to study its effect as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for respiratory diseases of calves were conducted during 2007– 2011. in the agricultural complex «Prichulymsky» of the Achinsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory with the participation of the Department of Epizootology and Parasitology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of KrasGAU and in CJSC «Suzdalskoye» of the Dovolensky district of the Novosibirsk region. Prophylactic use of endoglucin in calves with bronchopneumonia can reduce the incidence from 2.2 to 3.1 times. The drug endoglucin in combination with drugs indicated for the treatment of pulmonary pathology, has therapeutic effectiveness in bronchopneumonia of calves.

Attitudes of Turkish veterinary students towards farm animal welfare

AbstractPeople's awareness of livestock welfare has increased in recent years and veterinarians have a critical role to play in maintaining and improving these standards. The aim of this study was to explore the attitude of veterinary students to livestock welfare and an online questionnaire was utilised to gauge the opinions of students from the Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Turkey. A five-point Likert scale covered judgments ranging from ‘Strongly disagree’ to ‘Strongly agree.’ Female students were found to have a higher score for questions related to the welfare of livestock than males. It was also found that students yet to undertake courses in clinical science and animal welfare, ie first and second years, gave higher scores than third, fourth and fifth years who had completed both of these. Moreover, students having owned or dealt previously with livestock provided lower animal welfare scores than their counterparts who had done neither. Seemingly, the sensitivity of veterinary students decreases during the latter stages of their education. To conclude, we suggest further investigation into the extent to which veterinary medicine education influences students’ attitudes to animal welfare as they progress through the course.

Forgotten carpological collection of Professor Ivo Horvat discovered and digitized

The carpological collection of Professor Ivo Horvat, a famous Croatian botanist of 20th century, was saved from oblivion, after its unexpected discovery at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb in 2019. As many as 515 diaspores (fruits and seeds) of 486 vascular plant taxa were systematised and digitised and the nomenclature was updated. A comprehensive comparison of Horvat’s carpological and herbarium collection (ZAHO) revealed a large amount of overlap. A large photo-catalogue was created and will be publicly accessible through the Flora Croatica Database.

Prevalence of feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus in client-owned cats in Croatia

This study aimed to determine prevalences for anti-FCoV antibody, FeLV antigen, FeLV proviral DNA, and anti-FIV antibody among client-owned cats from the cities of Zagreb and Varaždin in Croatia. Subjects included 106 client-owned cats tested at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. Blood samples were tested with IFA for anti-FCoV antibody and IFA FCoV antibody titeres, with ELISA for FeLV p27 antigen, with PCR for FeLV proviral DNA, and with RIM for anti-FIV antibody. Prevalence of FCoV and FeLV was 41.51% and 6.60%, respectively. A coinfection with FeLV/FCoV and FIV/FCoV prevalence was 7.55% and 5.66%. No cats were coinfected with FIV and FeLV. All three viruses were detected, confirming their presence in Croatia. The seroepidemiological findings demonstrate that both feline retroviruses and feline coronavirus are important feline pathogens in Croatia.

Effect of dumpsite organic manure soil on growth, nutrient content, and yield of Curcuma longa L.(turmeric) in Owerri, Imo State

Curcuma longa L.(turmeric) is one of the most essential available spices in Nigeria. The field study was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. During the planting season of 2019 to assess effect of different levels of Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil on Growth parameters, nutrient content and yield of turmeric. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Complete Design with three replications. T­1: Control, T2: 05 tons; T3 10 tons, T4: 15 tons of Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil. The result of the study revealed that high doses (T­4­) of Dumpsite soil significantly influenced maximum growth parameters viz; plant height, leaf area, leaf length, leaf area index.15 tons of Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil (T4) recorded the maximum yield per hectare (17.66kg/h) while the lowest (6.863kg) was obtained from control. The result of proximate composition showed that 15 tons (T4) of dumpsite organic manure soil significantly improve the Ash, Fibre, Protein and carbohydrate contents compare to control. Moisture content (81%) and fat content (0.6369%) were higher in control compare to other treatment levels. The result has shown that Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil has potential to improve growth of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and other crops.

Monitoring of parasitic diseases of dogs

During the study, dogs were diagnosed with the following helminthic diseases: toxocariasis, echinococcosis, uncinariosis, trichuriasis, capillariosis, dipilidiosis, which took the form of mono and mixed invasions.
 The aim of this study was to identify the intensity of helminth infestation of dogs of different ages and methods of keeping.
 Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2018–2020 on the basis of the laboratory “Innovative technologies and safety and quality of livestock products” and “Veterinary Pharmacy” of the Department of Veterinary Examination, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Livestock Products; epizootology and parasitology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University.
 In cities and villages, faecal samples were taken from dogs, taking into account the method of keeping (tethered or untethered) and their use (office, hunting, decorative, etc.), which were placed in airtight containers, labeled samples and sent to the laboratory for the research.
 The object of clinical and laboratory research were dogs aged one to seven years, admitted to veterinary clinics in the period from 2018 to 2020, with suspected helminthic diseases. Testing of dogs was performed by collecting medical history and clinical examination.
 Results. According to the results of the research, it was established that among helminthic diseases during 2018–2020 the following diseases were registered: toxocariasis, cestodes, uncinariosis of dogs. Among the blood-parasitic diseases for the period 2018–2020 were diagnosed with heartworm disease, babesiosis of dogs.
 Among ectoparathyroidism, the laboratory diagnosed demodectic mange, otodectosis, canine sarcoptosis, and carnivorous syphonepterosis. A total of 513 surveys were conducted in 2018, of which 80 were positive; for 2019–509, of which positive – 58; for 2020 – 488, of which 62 are positive.
 Conclusions. Intestinal helminthiasis has been found to account for the lowest proportion (11 %) of carnivorous parasitic diseases compared to blood parasitic diseases (19 %) and ectoparasitosis (70 %), but they are of great interest for study because of their significant epidemiological significance and may be the cause of disease in humans.
 It has been proven that helminthic diseases of dogs run as mixed invasion, and a minority of cases 31.7 % of cases run as mono invasion. Of the total number of patients with helminthic diseases, 73.4 % of the total number of animals were accompanied by other diseases of infectious and non-infectious ethology

Preferences and Scores of Different Types of Exams during COVID-19 Pandemic in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study of Paper and E-exams

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020, and educational institutions have had to modify most of their activities (face-to-face activities were suspended). This situation forced academic institutions to modify the evaluation format of students. The use of proctoring systems quickly became widespread, although some controversies arose. The two main discussions regarding these systems are the integrity of the assessment and the capacity of the students to adapt to this new assessment method, without changes in theirs scores. To elucidate two controversies, we have analyzed the preferences and the scores obtained from a trial of 660 scores from 332 students of the third grade of Veterinary Medicine. The experiment involved three modalities of exam: an online format from home using the Respondus Lockdown Browser system (Modality 1), online in person using the Respondus Lockdown Browser system with the supervision of a teacher (Modality 2), or paper format in person with the supervision of a teacher (Modality 3). The results obtained showed that the students preferred Modality 1 (online at home with Respondus Lockdown Browser system). No statistical differences between the scores obtained by students were found between the three modalities analyzed. The proctoring system is a good method to adjudicate exams in higher education institutions, and the scores of students are similar to those obtained through traditional evaluation and control systems.

Students' acceptance of case-based blended learning in mandatory interdisciplinary lectures for clinical medicine and veterinary public health.

BackgroundIn German veterinary education interdisciplinary lectures (ILs) are an important and mandatory part of the curriculum as their merging character builds a useful preparation for the future profession as a veterinarian. These lectures should enable students to work on practically‐relevant and interdisciplinary cases, which should ideally be defined jointly by lecturers from different disciplines.MethodsIn order to give students the opportunity to work on these cases and at the same time have contact with their lecturers and fellow students, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, has converted its former in‐class ILs (face‐to‐face delivery format) into a blended learning format. The mandatory lectures comprise 196 curricular hours and are delivered over the course of three semesters within the veterinary curriculum. The new concept was developed over a period of three academic years and extensively evaluated (old‐new‐comparison) with regard to its acceptance and compliance with national requirements for interdisciplinary teaching.ResultsA total of 306 students were asked to evaluate different aspects of the newly implemented format. Overall, more than 79% of the students attending the newly implemented blended learning format responded positively, and the evaluation showed a significant improvement of learning motivation and acceptance when compared to the traditional teaching format.ConclusionThe results indicated that blended learning is a suitable option for teaching mandatory ILs in clinical medicine and veterinary public health.

The Effect of Recombinant Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-121 Towards Placenta Growth Factor Serum Levels in Female Mice (Mus Musculus) with Preeclampsia Model

Background: Preeclampsia is a multi syste­mic disease which recognized by the develop­ment of hypertension after 20 weeks of gesta­tion with the presence of proteinuria or any signs indicative of target organ injury. The correct diagnosis and classification of the disease are essential since the therapies are unique in each class. Moreover, the angiogenic factors claims to play a significant role in the endothelial injury which plays as an etiology for preeclampsia. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the differences between angiogenic factors in pregnancy mice with preeclampsia models after administration of VEGF-121. Subjects and Method: Subject of the study were swiss’s strains of pregnancy mice (Mus musculus) which divided into three groups that consist of 10 subject of study in each group. Subjects for this research were recruited between March and May 2015 in Biomedical Laboratory of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga as part of a cross sectional study designed for analytical experimental. The angiogenic factor which measured was PIGF serum levels with ELISA method and only group of pregnant mice with preeclampsia model which administred with injection of VEGF-121. Results: This study was conducted of 30 male and 30 female Mus musculus with homoge­neous characteristic in terms of age, average body weight and have never been pregnant before. The differences in PIGF serum levels between three observed group are significant (p=0.035). Conclusion: Administration of VEGF-121 increased the PlGF serum levels in pregnant mice with preeclampsia model. Thus, the admi­nistration of VEGF-121 improves the condition of endothelial damage in preeclampsia with an increase in PlGF levels.

"Effects of Lactobacillus Reuteri NBF 1 DSM 32203 Supplementation on Healthy Dog Performance"

Benedetta Belà1*, Giulia Pignataro1, Roberta Di Prinzio1, Daniele Di Simone2, Paolo Emidio Crisi1 and Alessandro Gramenzi1 Author Affiliations 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Piano d’Accio - Teramo, Italy 2Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124 Bari, Italy Received: July 07, 2021 | Published: July 13, 2021 Corresponding author: Benedetta Belà, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Piano d’Accio - Teramo, Italy DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.37.005956

Ílio-femoral suture with polyglecaprone thread to stabilize traumatic hip dislocation in a dog

Traumatic hip dislocations are orthopedic injuries commonly seen in the routine of the surgical clinic in pets such as dogs and cats. The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of the ilio-femoral suture technique with polyglecaprone thread to stabilize traumatic coxofemoral luxation in dogs. A mixed breed dog, three years old, with a body weight of 8.90 kg, was taken to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, presenting as a main complaint, a pedestrian hit over ten days ago and since then without support of the left pelvic limb. During the initial evaluation, it was found that the animal had functional impotence of the aforementioned limb. As a complementary examination, a ventro-dorsal and latero-lateral radiography of the pelvis region was requested. After diagnosing the hip dislocation with cranio-dorsal displacement of the femur, surgical treatment was instituted using the iliofemoral suture technique. The use of the ilio-femoral suture technique with absorbable suture was efficient in the treatment of craniodorsal hip dislocation in the patient in the present report, with return of limb functionality and regression of clinical signs.

Visual Quality Analysis of Educational Institutions and Their Surroundings: A Case Study of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

The study aimed to analyze the visual quality of the Educational Institutions and their Surroundings (EITS) in the campus of Ataturk University in Erzurum city of Turkey. Visual Quality Analysis Questionnaire was applied to 74 students studying at the Faculty of Architecture and Design. The questionnaire consisted of 21 EITS. Results were analyzed using Variance and Duncan multiple comparison. It was determined that Faculty of Fishery (EITS13) had the highest visual quality score (3.243), followed by Agriculture Faculty (EITS1: 3.134) and the Divine Faculty (EITS2: 2.906). The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine had the lowest visual quality score (EITS11: 2.165), followed by High-Tech Research Centre (EITS20: 2.243) and Faculty of Law (EITS16: 2.315). Statistically significant relationship was found between the department of the students and the scores they gave to Sports Science Faculty (EITS1), Education Faculty (EITS4), Faculty of Medicine (EITS10), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (EITS11), Faculty of Fine Arts and Tourism (EITS15), and Rectorate Building (EITS19). Among the Visual Quality Criteria (VQC) of EITS, accessibility to the structure (VQC12) was the most effective criterion (2.927, p<0.05). This study recommended the correction of design deficiencies to compensate for the lack of visual quality of new buildings or to improve the entire landscape of the campus.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the RECOVER guidelines at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University

The implementation of the RECOVER guidelines at the Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Ghent University was assessed by performing both a cross-sectional research and a study on the impact of training. During a six-month prospective cross-sectional study, 39 patients, which underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), were recorded. This corresponds with an incidence of 1.8% of all hospitalized patients that underwent CPR during the same period. Of these cases, 32 were included in the statistics. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was obtained in eleven patients (34.3%), but only one dog (3.1%) survived to discharge. In this study, an association between hemolymphatic disease as concomitant disease and not obtaining ROSC was shown. Subsequently, four cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training sessions were organized. The confidence of the participants was evaluated before and after these training sessions and showed a significant increase after the training session. With increased training of all personnel and students involved in CPR efforts, the aim of this study was to increase positive outcomes and to achieve a more standardized CPR protocol.

Controlling bacteriological contamination of environmental surfaces at the biological isolation and containment unit of a veterinary teaching hospital

BackgroundThe Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU) is a subunit of the Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon, Portugal, for the admission of animals with confirmed infectious diseases or under clinical suspicion and waiting for a diagnosis. As a high-risk environment for the transmission of infectious agents, it is extremely important to implement programs for the surveillance of nosocomial microorganisms in these facilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of bacterial contamination of the BICU environmental surfaces and to implement corrective actions on disinfection protocols. Swab samples were collected from selected environmental surfaces in 3 different areas of the BICU (isolation, work, and preparatory rooms) to evaluate the total aerobic bacterial load and investigate the presence of 4 nosocomial microorganisms: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 3rd-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial quantification was performed by using non-selective media, while specific selective media were used for the isolation of the target microorganisms. Isolates were identified based on their macro and microscopic characteristics and their biochemical profile. Subsequently, new disinfection protocols were implemented, and their effectiveness evaluated.ResultsThe surfaces with the highest bacterial load in the isolation, preparatory, and worker’s rooms were the cages, hand-held sponge, and telephone, respectively. Regarding the 4 pathogens investigated, Enterococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated (11.3%), followed by E. coli (1.5%) and P. aeruginosa (1.5%). One of the P. aeruginosa isolates obtained was resistant to imipenem. In the end, new disinfection protocols were implemented, which proved to be effective in reducing bacterial counts by 99.99% in cages and the sponge, and by 90 to 99% on the telephone.ConclusionsThis study allows to conclude that the cages and the human contact surfaces were the most contaminated in the isolation rooms. Nevertheless, the new disinfection strategies seemed to be effective in reducing environmental contamination, including by some potentially nosocomial agents, although more samples must be analyzed for definitive conclusions. These results may contribute to highlight the importance of infection prevention and control measures, as fundamental tools to reduce the spread of infectious agents in the hospital environment.

Studi kasus: Canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis pada anjing Pomeranian

Chronic inflammation of the oral cavity accompanied by ulcers called Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CCUS). A Pomeranian dog was examined at the Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints of decreased appetite and drinking accompanied, in the dog that would not close his mouth. Clinical examination showed that there is bleeding and swelling of the gums and lips, torn sores and ulcer on the lower lip, redness on the edge of the tongue, blackish plaque in almost all of his teeth, halitosis, and enlargement of the mandibular lymph nodes, and routine hematological examination showed a normochromic and normocytic anemia, elevated monocyte levels, and neutrophilia, so dogs were diagnosed with CCUS. Treatment using Amoxicillin, Meloxicam, Vitamin C, Ferrous Sulfate, and fluid therapy using NaCl initially gave quite good results, but the dog died on the sixth day after therapy which possibly due to severe malnutrition and anemia.

Ethology and Zoopsychology in the system of training a doctor of veterinary medicine

The authors have analyzed and summarized data sources regarding the necessary teaching of ethology and zoopsychology for students of the faculties of veterinary medicine. Ethology and zoopsychology is a compulsory subject for almost all educational institutions of this profile in Europe and the USA. In Ukraine these subjects are constant at the studying programs of the psychology faculties of the different universities, which prepare the specialists of reworking agrifood, the specialists of horse breeding, the felinologiests and others, but these ones are not consist a part of the preparing programs for the vet medicine students. Nevertheless, for a treatment and prevention it needs to understand the animal behavior features of and to might find out the approaches, to use humane methods without any animal damages and suffering. Ethology it is science, which studies the animal behavior from the biology side but Zoopsichology is close to both biological and psychological sciences and investigate not only natural behavior, but also the animal psyche. Therefore, until today there is a lot of unknown and obscure things into natural behavioral processes so the new explorations raise the curtain over the issues to understand animal and find access to its. It is only conditionally might be dividing the biological and psychological aspects of behavior because of it is impossible to connect they together without take into consideration the psyche factors. The animal psyche is necessary component of the ontho- and phylogenesis which is regulates the relationships between an organism and the environment. The tasks of Zoopsychology are studying of the formation of the psyche processes in animal during the ontogenesis, an origin of the psyche and its development, but Ethology tasks are – the stages of the ontho- and phylogenetical development of the behavior, determine its importance as a development factor, studying of the individual or population adaptation of the animals. The main respect comes to species-specific (instinctive) components of behavior. Ethological analysis is based on the study of biological methods of holistic behavioral act. Particular attention is paid to biological (etological) mechanisms of behavioral acts, the relationship between species and other taxa of animals on these grounds. Ethology studies the changes of the animal behavior in comparison with norms during emergency too. Its achievements are used in animal husbandry and other sectors of the economy, as well as in the development of scientific bases for keeping animals in captivity.

قبول تکنولوجیا منصات الاختبارات الإلکترونیة بمادة علوم الأنسجة لدى طلاب السنة الأولى فی کلیة الطب البیطرى بجامعة جنوب الوادی : دراسة حالة على نماذج جوجل

Application of technology became a part of histology teaching and examination. For years, the 1ST year students used to do a traditional examination (Pen-paper tests) in the Histology subject twice a year (January and May). Google form quiz as a method of electronic test was introduced to the 1st year students at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University for the first time in May 2019. The level of students' acceptance of the new approach was evaluated using s questionnaire based on technology acceptance model. Analysis of the students' responses revealed a high acceptance rate to E-test cloud platform. Factors affecting the student acceptance rate were Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Behavioural Intension and Actual Use. It is recommended to apply the Google form quiz as an official and accepted E-test platform at the South Valley university. Furthermore, the faculty members and students should be trained to use this new approach in the examination