Veterinary Medicine Faculty Research Articles

Incidence of Canine Hip Dysplasia in Radiology Department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca (October 2019 - June 2021)


 Canine hip dysplasia is characterized by joint instability, subluxation, or even luxation of the femoral head, which causes a deformation of the joint with the early production of coxarthrosis. The main purpose of the paper was to determine the incidence of canine hip dysplasia from October 2019 until June 2021 in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Cluj-Napoca. A total of 173 X-rays on the canine hips were taken between October 2019 and June 2021 in the Radiology Department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca. X-rays were taken with the Roentgen TEMCO Grx machine, then imported into the RadiAnt DICOM™ program, and interpreted according to the FCI grading scheme. A total number of 88 X-rays were excluded due to different causes, thus our study presents 85 X-ray images of the hip from different breeds of dogs. From a total of 85 dogs presented in this study, 38 dogs were graded A, 10 dogs were graded B, 22 dogs were classified with grade C, with grade D were classified 6 dogs and with grade E were diagnosed 9 dogs. Out of 85 dogs examined (49 males and 36 females) more than half (N=48; 56,5%) were free from canine hip dysplasia.

Virulence plasmids in clinical isolates of Rhodococcus equi from sick foals in the Netherlands.

Clinical samples from 123 foals with suspected rhodococcosis submitted to the Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Centre of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 1993 and 2006 were tested for the presence of the virulence gene vapA. Of the 123 samples, 120 were vapA-positive and 3 vapA-negative Rhodococcus equi were isolated. The 120 vapA-positive R. equi were isolated from 70 tracheal wash, 19 lung tissues, 7 lymph nodes, 6 synovial fluids, 13 abscesses or pus and single isolates from the uterus, gut, cerebrospinal fluid, abdomen fluid and faeces. Of the 120 isolates, 46 were from Dutch warmblood horses, 23 from Friesian horses, 14 from Trotters, 4 from Holsteiners, 3 from Arab breed, 2 from ponies, 1 from a Welsh pony and 27 from undefined breed horses. Using plasmid profile analysis of the 120 isolates, 117 isolates contained the 85-kb type I plasmid, 2 contained the 87-kb type I plasmid and 1 contained the novel 52-kb non-mobilizable virulence plasmid reported recently. These results showed that the virulent R. equi strains harbouring a virulence plasmid of 85-kb type I or 87-kb type I, which have been detected in clinical isolates from five European countries, are widespread in the Netherlands. This is the first report of plasmid types of clinical R. equi isolates in the Netherlands.

Effectiveness of Cocoa Seed Garmins to the Decrease of Dental Plaque Index

Dental and oral disease is a high prevalence in Indonesia 88.8% of the population has dental caries and periodontitis, 93% of children under 12 years of age have dental caries, 67.2% have experienced caries and 43.4% have not been treated. Dental plaque is a soft deposit that is firmly attached to the tooth surface, consisting of microorganisms that cause dental caries. Caries prevention and plaque control can be done by using mouth wash; it will be more effective if you rinse your mouth using herbal mouthwash that contains antioxidants and anti-bacterial. Cocoa Bean Extract (Theobroma Cacao L.) contains secondary metabolites, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory properties and has a strong inhibitory effect on S. mutans bacteria. The purpose of the study: to determine the phytochemical content of cocoa beans, determine the effectiveness of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (KBM) of mouthwash of cocoa bean methanol extract, determine the toxicity of mouthwash of cocoa bean methanol extract, determine the decrease in plaque index before and after gargling with methanol extract of cocoa beans (Theobroma Cacao L.), determine the effectiveness of the pH of the oral cavity before and after gargling methanol extract of cocoa beans (Theobroma Cacao L.). The research method is a laboratory experiment with a post-test only control group design. The research was conducted in the laboratory of the USK Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and the USK FMIPA laboratory in 2022. Dry samples of 1 kg cocoa beans were macerated with 80% methanol for 3x24 hours; the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick methanolic extract of cocoa beans. Phytochemical test results of methanol extract of cocoa beans contain compounds, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test The average number of colonies of S. mutans ....

Detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) from yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus Forsskål, 1775) in Iran: Histopathological and phylogenetic analysis

Lymphocystis disease (LCD) is a benign viral disease characterized by the appearance of hypertrophic fibroblastic cells in the connective tissues of fish. In December 2021, a group of yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus Forsskål, 1775) which had significant mortalities (10%) and showed whitish nodules on the fins and skin, were packed in water-filled plastic bags, supplied with oxygen, and transported to the Ornamental Fish Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran (Tehran, Iran). Following the clinical inspection and observation of whitish clusters of nodules mostly on the fins and skin by stereomicroscopy, wet smears of skin and fins revealed numerous hypertrophic lymphocystis cells. Histopathological study of the whitish nodules in skin and fins revealed many hypertrophic cells with thick hyaline capsules, irregular nucleus, and multiple intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. In addition to the extension of hypertrophic lymphocystis cells' growth until the superficial muscle layer, infiltration of inflammatory cells and hemorrhage between hypertrophic cells are also observed. The hyaline capsule of hypertrophic fibroblasts stained with the PAS. Molecular characterization (PCR) confirmed the presence of Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in the external nodules and the internal organs homogenate of the infected fish. Sequence analysis of the MCP gene of the detected virus (IR_LCDV_RGZIS) assigned it to genogroup 5. This is the first detection and characterization of LCDV in yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus) in Iran.

THE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF Moringa oleifera LEAF EXTRACT ON HEPATOTOXIC CASE REVIEWING FROM CADMIUM, SGOT AND SGPT BLOOD LEVELS IN WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus) INDUCED WITH CADMIUM (Cd)

Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) is part of herbal plants that have been known for their good natural chelating agent and hepatoprotective properties, especially in hepatotoxic events due to cadmium (Cd) exposure, where flavonoid compounds are contained in the form of quercetin and kaempferol, vitamin A, vitamin C and several phenol components that can inhibit the accumulation of cadmium metals and neutralize free radicals by lowering SGOT and SGPT levels, so this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) against hepatotoxic in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with cadmium. This study was expected to provide potential of Moringa leaves in hepatotoxic case at dose 400 mg/kgwb, 500 mg/kgwb and 600 mg/kgwb in white rats. This research was an experimental study with quantitative analysis conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya Health Laboratory Center, and Bakti Analisa Laboratory in November 2021 – July 2022. The independent variable was the dose of Moringa leaf extract and the dependent variables were levels of cadmium, SGOT and SGPT in white rat blood. Analysis of blood cadmium levels using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and analysis of SGOT SGPT levels using the BS-200 Chemistry Analyzer. The results showed that the average blood cadmium, SGOT and SGPT levels in treatment group 1 were 0.0605 μg/dL, 260.175 U/L, and 143.85 U/L; in treatment group 2 were 0.075 μg/dL, 250.925 U/L and 77.575 U/L; in treatment group 3 were 0.08125 μg/dL, 171.475 U/L and 66.075 U/L. Based on statistical analysis of One-way Anova test, sig. p value > 0.05, there was no significant difference in cadmium and SGOT levels. Then, the results of the Kruskal wallis test on SGPT levels showed sig. p value > 0.05, there was no significant difference in all treatments. Moringa leaf extract at a dose of 600 mg/kgbw/day had the best effect as chelating agent and hepatoprotective compared to doses of 400 mg/kgbw/day and 500 mg/kgbw/day at cadmium induction for 10 days. From this study, we recommend to consume about 66,522 g/day Moringa fresh leaves as the natural chelating agent and hepatoprotector for overcoming acute hepatotoxic case.
 
 INDEX TERMS Moringa Leaves, Cadmium, SGOT, SGPT, Rattus norvegicus, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Chemistry Analyzer

The Effectiveness Of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera) on Cadmium and LDL Cholesterol Levels in Blood as Indicators of Atherosclerosis in Cadmium (Cd) Induced White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) have chelating agent properties that act as natural antioxidants in binding heavy metals and free radical scavengers, with cadmium being one of the heavy metals free radicals having toxic effects on the body. Exposure to cadmium can reduce the activity of lipoprotein lipase enzymes (LPL) which function in the triglycerides and free fatty acids catabolism process, and can increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) on Cadmium chloride-induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus) using an experimental research design with a quantitative analysis technique. This study uses the level of cadmium and LDL cholesterol for the dependent variable and the dose of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) for its independent variable. The samples used are white rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 8-12 weeks with a weight of 150-200 grams, along with blood drawn from the heart for the specimen. The researcher conducted the study at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University; Surabaya Health Laboratory Center; and Surabaya Bakti Analysis Laboratory from October 2021 to June 2022 using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and Chemical Analyzer BS-200. The results show that the average value of cadmium and LDL cholesterol levels in white rats in treatment group 1 are 0.605 g/dL and 8.25 mg/dL, group 2 are 0.075 g/dL & 18.5 mg/dL; and group 3 are 0.08125 g/dL and 12 mg/dL. Based on the statistical analysis of the One-Way ANOVA test, the sig. p-value is > 0.05. Thus, the average value of cadmium and LDL cholesterol has no significant difference. Compared to the 400 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW, the 600 mg/kgBW dose has the best effectiveness in reducing LDL cholesterol in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) after being induced with cadmium chloride. This study recommends consuming fresh Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) as much as 66.522 grams per human/day as an additional antioxidant and chelating agent.

Use of a recombinant positive control in the diagnostic of canine Ehrlichiosis from 16sRNA gen of Ehrlichia canis in Mexico City.

Ehrlichia canis has gained importance over the years as a zoonotic bacterium, nevertheless in Mexico is unknown the extent of the problem in animals and public health. The country had a few studies carried out locally using serology and molecular tests as diagnostic methods. Ehrlichiosis is not considered endemic in the central valley of Mexico, because the climatic conditions in the region have not allowed the vector (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) to establish itself adequately, therefore, diagnosis is not used in clinical practice in this area. A nested PCR (nPCR) offers rapid results with high sensitivity and specificity regardless of cost. The use of a recombinant positive control provides the advantage of timely diagnosis, follow-up treatment and allows the clinician to decide. In this work, the nPCR reported by Wen et al. (J Clin Microbiol 35(7):1852-2185, 1997) was used for the diagnosis of E. canis by modifying the reaction conditions to improve the detection of the test. We constructed a recombinant positive control to nPCR as diagnostic technique for E. canis, also we modified the reaction conditions to improve detection of the test which allowed the diagnosis of E. canis in dogs in the Mexican Republic using 53 samples from dogs with positive serological diagnosis of Ehrlichiosis, some of them from the valley of Mexico. Currently, this nPCR is offered to public at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico at an accessible cost and allows to begin to generate epidemiological information to know distribution of the bacterium.

Pathological and Immuno-Molecular Examination of Protozoa in Aborted Fetus's and Placenta of Iraqi Cattle (A case report)

Tissue samples of placenta and aborted fetus were collected from aborted cow and preserved in 10% formalin buffered saline for routine histopathology stained with H&E and for immunohistochemistry to detect TNF-a marker. Pathological examination showed necrotic foci with abscesses mainly around site of invasive protozoa. Immuno-Molecular examination showed marked deposition of TNF marker in tissue, mainly brain of fetus, which refers to genetic damage in gene responsible for controlling TNF values. It is concluded that protozoal infection with Neospora caninum can cause abortion in cattle at advanced stage (8th month ) of gestation with severe histopathological lesions on placenta as well as the brain of fetus. This case report is an update for the information presented in the Proceedings of the 3rd Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / University of Kerbala on 10th April 2017.

First record of Ixodes ricinus (Acari; Ixodidae) in European glass lizard (Pseudopus apodus; Anguidae) and a review of ectoparasite studies in reptiles in Turkey

Three adult European glass lizards (Pseudopus apodus Klembara) were caught in the garden of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University (Samsun, Turkey) and were observed to have a tick infestation. During macroscopic examination, tick samples were collected from the lateral groove on both sides of the lizard by using blunt-tip tweezers. All the samples were examined under the microscope and belonged to Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus) larvae and nymphs. This is the first report of a tick species or infestation in European glass lizard. In addition, we provide a detailed review of all studies conducted to date on reptile ectoparasites in Turkey.

Tracheal adenocarcinoma and surgical treatment in a cat

Primary tracheal malignant neoplasms are rare in dogs and cats. Mostly seen in middle-aged to older cats. Clinical findings associated with airway obstruction are observed. Shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, and cyanosis are among the clinical findings. Radiography, endoscopy, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for diagnosis. The material of this report is a 12-year-old, 6.3 kg, castrated male cat brought to Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery due to with symptoms of cough and difficulty breathing. In the anamnesis, it was learned that the patient's tracheal mass was removed by operation 8 months ago in another clinic. As a result of the examinations and tests performed, it was observed that the tracheal mass recurred. The mass was removed by tracheal ring resection. Histopathological result has been reported as adenocarcinoma.

Three pioneer academics from the field of veterinary surgery in Turkey

The first examples of biography studies carried out within the scope of research on the history of veterinary medicine in Turkey were given by Muzaffer Bekman, and these studies were continued with the efforts of Prof. Nihal Erk and Prof. Ferruh Dinçer. These studies, which are also given importance by later academicians in the field of veterinary medicine, are carried out both in the style of necrology and in the style of scientific biography, after the retirement or death of the professionals serving their profession. In this study, the scientific life stories of Ord. Prof. Salih Zeki Berker, Prof. M. Tevfik Başer and Prof. Burhanettin Öktem are discussed. The main material of the study consisted of the personnel files in the Archives of the Dean's Office of the Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and the first-hand sources obtained from the Biography Archive of the History of Veterinary Medicine and Deontology Department. In addition, various books and journals in the Library of the Department were also used. The data obtained were evaluated within the methodology of history and transferred to the text in chronological order. Ord. Prof. Salih Zeki Berker, Prof. M. Tevfik Başer and Prof. Burhanettin Öktem’s academic stages, contributions to education, professional services, publishing activities and the traces they left on their colleagues are revealed. Thus, it is aimed both to contribute to the veterinary medicine biography archive and to introduce these valuable professionals to new generations.

Revealing the genetic diversity of Sumbawa endemic horse using microsatellite-based DNA fingerprint

Abstract. Sukri A, Dewi IN, Primawati SB, Wangiyana IGAS, Muttaqin Z, Winaya A. 2022. Revealing the genetic diversity of Sumbawa endemic horse using microsatellite-based DNA fingerprint. Biodiversitas 23: 4153-4159. Sumbawa horse (Equus caballus) is a genetic resource that must be preserved. Sumbawa horses have a significant economic, social, and cultural role. Information on the genetic status of the Sumbawa horse is needed as a step in developing a long-term conservation strategy. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the genetic diversity of the Sumbawa endemic horse using a microsatellite-based DNA fingerprint. DNA isolation was conducted from horse blood samples. Blood samples were taken from two horse farms with 24 individual horses from two different populations, namely Lalar and Liang,West Sumbawa District, Indonesia. Blood was taken from the jugular vein and collected by a qualified veterinarian from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika. A total of 4 microsatellite primers were used in this study, INRA032, HEL09, CA425, and AHT4. This study revealed that the genetic diversity of horses in the Lalar population was higher than Liang. A greater number of alleles reinforces this; higher number and frequency of bands; and the presence of specific bands that indicate unique alleles. This research shows that the Sumbawa horse is unique from other horse breeds in the world. This is evidenced by the lower number of alleles per locus (Na) with a maximum number of two alleles per locus. Sumbawa horses have higher observed heterozygosity (Ho) than expected heterozygosity (He), with a Ho value less than 0.5. Analysis of Molecular Variance result has shown that variation within the population was higher than among the population. This is presumably due to the high gene flow in both horse populations caused by inbreeding. In general, AHT4 primers had the best ability to reveal the genetic diversity of Sumbawa horses with the highest Shannon's information index compared to other markers.

Silver nanoparticle effect on Salmonella enterica isolated from Northern West Egypt food, poultry, and calves

A total no. of 65 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from food samples, feces of diarrheic calves, poultry, and hospital patient in large five cities at Northern West Egypt were obtained from the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. The 65 Salmonella enterica isolates had the invA gene were grouped into 11 Salmonella enterica serovars with dominance of S. Enteritidis and S. Kentucky serovars. Their resistance pattern were characterized by using 18 antibiotics from different classes. Approximately 80% of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consequences polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) typing of 7 strains of S. Enteritidis showed 5 clusters with dissimilarity 25%. S. Enteritidis clusters in 2 main groups A and B. Group A have 2 human strain (HE2 and HE3) and one food origin (FE7) with a similarity 99%. Group B divided into B1 (FE2) and B2 (FE3) with a similarity ratio ≥ 93%, while ERIC-PCR analysis of 5 strains of S. Kentucky revealed 4 ERIC types, clustered in 2 main groups A and B with similarity 75%. We studied the effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on 10 antibiotic resistant strains of S. Enteritidis and S. Kentucky. The broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were detected. Evaluation of the affection using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed different ratios of Ag-NPs and microorganism as well as at different contact time ended finally with morphological alteration of the bacteria. We submitted new method in vivo to explore the activity of nanosilver in chicken.Key points• Importance of ERIC-PCR to determine the relatedness between Salmonella isolates.• Effect of silver nanoparticles to confront the antibacterial resistance.• Studying the effect of silver nanoparticles in vivo on infected chicken with Salmonella.

Comparison of the effectiveness between single and repeated administration of topical Tretinoin 0.05% on full-thickness acute wound healing

Background: A wound is a discontinuity of any bodily tissue due to various causes. Every wound of any severity could result in problems related to its healing process, such as scar tissue formation. According to the duration of its healing process, wound is divided into 2 categories: acute wound that takes approximately 3-4 weeks to heal and chronic wound that needs 4-6 weeks and resulted from inappropriate healing of the acute wound. Tretinoin's use in wound healing has been controversial for more than 40 years. Topical Tretinoin has keratolytic effect that stimulates fibroplasia and epithelization on full-thickness wounds. On the other hand, single administration along with long-contact topical Tretinoin has an irritative effect that could delay healing due to continuous inflammation. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of single administration compared to repeated administration of topical Tretinoin in full-thickness acute wound healing on rats at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya. Methods: This experimental study involved 27 male rats which were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (A), single-administration (B), and repeated-administration (C). Full-thickness wound size 20 mm in diameter was made on the skin of each rat. On group A, wounds were covered with Tulle and transparent dressing. On group B, wounds were treated with lidocaine 2% and tretinoin solution 0,05% in single administration, while the same treatment was given repeatedly on group C for 4 days straight. Evaluation was done microscopically on day 5 according to epithelization phase on wound healing with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The result from the calculation showed that group C obtained a significantly higher average number of fibroblast cells count compared to the treatment group A and B. The average number of fibroblast cells in treatment group B was three times higher than the number of fibroblast cells in treatment group A, while the average number of fibroblast cells in treatment group C was three times the number of fibroblast cells in treatment group B. From the statistic, it was proven that the regular application of 0.05% topical tretinoin solution in a full-thickness wound (Group C) has shown a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts during the proliferative phase. Conclusion: A frequent administration of 0.05% topical tretinoin solution resulted in a higher number of fibroplasia improvements compared to once administered in full thickness acute wound healing, however it did not result in epithelialization on day 5.

POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL IN WHEY AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN SUMBA MARE'S MILK

Sumba mare’s milk is rich in whey protein, fat, and lactic acid bacteria known to boost antimicrobial activities required in the prevention of diarrhea and inflammation. This study is, therefore, aimed at determining the antibacterial properties of whey and lactic acid bacteria as therapeutic compounds against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, SalmonellaTyphimurium, and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. The investigations were conducted at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nusa Cendana University. Whey antimicrobial test was performed using Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC® 19585 ™ and Staphylococcus aureus, while for lactic acid bacteria, SalmonellaEnteritidis ATCC® 13076 ™ obtained from the Veterinary Public Health Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, was applied. However, mare colostrum was acquired from East Sumba, East Indonesia. The results showed the average penicillin inhibitory zones of whey protein were estimated at 20 mm and 17 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. This also revealed the average diameter of the penicillin inhibitory zone and whey protein were equally evaluated at 2.1 mm, although the latter demonstrated sufficient antimicrobial activity against SalmonellaTyphimurium. Furthermore, the lactic acid bacteria inhibitory zone in filtrate and non-filtrates are strongly characterized using the agar method against Salmonella Enteritidis. In conclusion, whey protein and lactic acid bacteria from Sumba mare’s milk have significant antimicrobial potentials during the treatment of Salmonellosis and Staphylococcus aureusinfections.

Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi (EÜVFD)’nin Bibliyometrik Analizi

Bu çalışmada, Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi (EÜVFD)’nin çeşitli kriterler yönünden bibliyometrik analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın gerecini, 2004-2021 yılları arasında 47 sayı içerisinde yayımlanan top-lam 506 akademik çalışma (araştırma makalesi, derleme ve olgu sunumu) oluşturmuştur. Dergide yayımlanan çalışma-ların yıllara göre sayısı, türü, sorumlu yazarın kurumu ve çalıştığı birim, yayım süresi, inceleme/değerlendirme süresi, sayfa sayısı, yazar sayısı, lisansüstü tez özeti olma ve daha önce tebliğ edilme durumu, kullanılan araştırma materyali (hayvan türü), anahtar kelime sayısı, kullanılan tablo/grafik sayısı, resim/şekil sayısı, kaynak sayısı ve yayın dili incele-nerek tanımlayıcı istatistikler (frekans, yüzde) şeklinde verilmiştir. Makalelerin yayımlanma, basım ve değerlendirme süreleri Kruskal-Wallis testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, EÜVFD’nin 18 yıllık yayın hayatında top-lam 345 atıf (%68) aldığı, dergiye gelen çalışmaların yaklaşık değerlendirme, basım ve yayımlanma sürelerinin sırasıy-la; dört, altı ve 10 aydan kısa olduğu, dergide yıllık ortalama 28.1 yayının yayımlandığı, yayın başına düşen ortalama yazar sayısının üç olduğu, sorumlu yazarların %40.1’inin Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi öğretim elemanların-dan oluştuğu, anabilim dallarına göre en fazla yayının Klinik Bilimler Bölümünde (%27.7) ve Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı’na (%10.5) ait olduğu, çalışma materyalinin %30.3’ünün ruminantlardan oluştuğu, makale türüne göre en fazla araştırma makalesi (%61.7) yayımlandığı ve dergideki yayınların %20.4’ünün İngilizce olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, EÜVFD’nin yayın politikasına uygun, veteriner hekimliği alanıyla ilgili ve farklı birimlerden yayın alan, bilimsel olarak tüm aşamaların titizlikle takip edildiği, 18 yıldır aksamadan süresinde yayımlanan ve alan endeksinde taranan bilimsel bir dergi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Derginin tüm kazanımları dikkate alındığında, Science Citation Index (SCI) tarafından taranması hedefine her geçen gün daha da yaklaştığı ve makul bir sürede bu payeye de ulaşacağı yönünde güçlü izle-nimler edinilmiştir.

Descripción macroscópica y microscópica de ovarios de alpaca (Vicugna pacos) durante la etapa fetal

The aim of this work was to describe macroscopically and microscopically the ovaries of alpacas during the fetal stage. We worked with 18 female fetuses collected at the Huancavelica Municipal Slaughterhouse, from alpacas destined for human consumption. The process and analysis of the collected samples was performed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - UNMSM, in Lima, Peru. Fetal age was calculated by measuring the biparietal diameter and divided into three groups: Group I (60 - 150 days), Group II (151 - 239 days) and Group III (240 - 335 days). The weight of the ovaries was 0.02 ± 0.01, 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.03 ± 0.01 grams in the first, second and third group, respectively. The ovaries were paired, oval-shaped, with a smooth, cream surface, located in the sublumbar region at the level of the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebrae. The cortex and medulla were visible from the third month. Microscopically, in Group I, we observed oogonium, the distinction between cortex and medulla, unilaminar primary follicles, atresia and segmentation of the germ cells. In Group II, we observed preantral primary follicles. In Group III, we observed preovulatory follicles. We concluded that, from day 68 of the fetal stage of the alpaca, ovaries have macroscopic characteristics similar to those of an adult alpaca. Microscopically, they presented ovogonia, primordial follicles, unilaminar primary follicles, preantral follicles, preovulatory follicle, as well as the degeneration of the germ cells.

Investigating the educational environment of the veterinary college at Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Branch from a veterinary student's perspective

Objectives: The quality of the educational environment is among the most important quality indicators of higher education. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the quality of the educational environment based on the Dundee Ready Educational Environmental Measures model from veterinary students’ perspective at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord Branch in 2019. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was given to 297 students at an average age of 23 + 3 years. The data collection tool of this cross-sectional study was a 50-point questionnaire. The obtained data were assessed using descriptive statistical indicators, including mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Afterward, various questionnaire dimensions were evaluated based on gender variables, study locations, grade averages, and semesters. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant difference between male and female students regarding their perception of professors (P = 0.017), such that the average score in female students was higher than male students (32 vs. 29.21). Conclusion: Overall, girls’ satisfaction in this dimension was more than boys. In addition, the results showed that the perception score of social conditions in students above semester 8 was significantly lower compared to those lower than semester 8 (20.22 vs.24.65) (P < 0.001).

Histopathological Analysis of Faunus Ater Ovotestis in Bale and Reuleueng Rivers, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Faunus ater is one of the macrozoobenthos that is often consumed by the community, especially in the Leupung and Lhoknga areas, Aceh Besar District. The presence of Pb and Zn is suspected to be able to damage the body cells of F. ater, especially the ovotestis organ. Ovotestis is an organ in mollusks in general that can produce egg cells and sperm cells simultaneously. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of damage to the Ovotestis of F. ater based on the state of the damaged Ovotestis cells. METHODS: The method of this research method is F. ater that samples were taken from Bale and Reuleung River, each river is divided into three stations and at each station, three samples of F. ater are taken. Ovotestical histopathological analysis was carried out at the Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University. Preparation of ovotestis histology preparations using the paraffin method. Previously, F. ater was terminated and carcass surgery was performed. The level of damage to female gametes and male gametes was carried out descriptively by observing gonadal cells undergoing necrosis, hypertrophy, and lysis. Observation of the level of damage to the ovotestis tissue of F. ater was carried out using a cell damage scoring system, namely, the level of damage, the type of damage, and the scoring value. RESULTS: The level of tissue damage to the ovotestis organ of F. ater was at level III with a score of 6. The highest percentage of damage occurred in Krueng Bale, namely, 19.027% for male gonads and 42.687% for female gonads. While the highest percentage of damage to ovotestis organ occurred in Krueng Reuleung 15,489% for male gonads and 40,695% for female gonads. CONCLUSION: The result shows that there was damage to the gonads of F. ater in Krueng Bale and Krueng Reuleung based on the number of fully-formed oocytes/sperm, the number of incompletely formed oocytes/sperm, and the number of damaged oocytes/sperm.

Intraocular Pressure Measured by Rebound Tonometry in Seven Raptor Species

In the present study, intraocular pressures (IOP) of 66 Buzzards (132 eyes), 20 Hawks (40 eyes), 13 Owls (26 eyes), 6 Eagles (12 eyes), 6 Kestrels (12 eyes), 4 Falcons (8 eyes), 2 Vultures (4 eyes), which referred to Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery Clinic were evaluated. In the ophthalmologic examination there was no lesion detected related to eyes. The mean body weight raptors was 1.10±0.23 kg (Buzzards), 0.23±0.06 kg (Hawks), 0.27±0.10 (Owls), 3.30±0.80 kg (Eagles), 0,18±0.04 kg (Kestrels), 0,64±0,28 kg (Falcons) and 2.28±0.43 kg (Vultures). Rebound tonometer (Tonovet) was used for measurement of IOP. Mean intraocular pressures of right and left eyes were in Buzzards 25.87±0.62-26.61±0.71, Hawks 11.90±0.40-12.05±0.41, Owls 12.00±0.63-12.61±0.57, Eagles 29.00±2.89-30.33±2.87, Kestrels 11.75±0.17-10.83±0.47, Falcons 14.75±1.10-14.25±0.85 and Vultures 15.00±1.00-14.50±0.50. As a result of the study, repeated intraocular pressure measurements of raptors can be made by using rebound tonometer. In addition, the application of rebound tonometer is very easy to application do not require local anaesthetic. Therefore, raptors may be able to tolerate the application easily. The present data are considered to contribute to the literature.