Vesicular Fluids Research Articles

Herpes type 2 infection with unusual generalised manifestations and delayed diagnosis in an adult male

A case of severe generalised herpes simplex type 2 infection is described in an adult male who had known exposure to herpes. The patient first complained of headache, fever and neurological symptoms, and three to six days later of conjunctivitis, severe pharyngitis, arthralgia and vesicular lesions about the body. During the first 14 days of illness, including three in hospital, the patient was diagnosed as having infection with varicella virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or hand-foot-and-mouth disease virus. The diagnosis of infection with herpesvirus was not considered until herpesvirus was visualised in vesicular fluid by electron microscopy six weeks after onset. HSV-2 was then repeatedly isolated from vesicular fluids over the next four years. Detailed serological tests on the patient's sequential serum samples demonstrated a specific and continued response to HSV-2. He possibly acquired the virus iatrogenically, either by oral droplet transmission into or finger contamination of a PPD injection site, from the nurse who administered the injection and then palpated the site.

Measurement of immunoglobulins in reproductive tract fluids of bulls

Seminal, seminal vesicular, urethral and preputial fluids from bulls of two different age groups were assessed for quantitative differences in immunoglobulins. Selected markers were measured in individual samples to differentiate locally derived immunoglobulins from those present as a result of trauma or secretions from other accessory glands. Immunoglobulin levels in reproductive tract fluids from older bulls (5–6 years) were higher than those of younger bulls (3–4 years) and preputial fluids contained the highest concentration of immunoglobulins of all fluids examined. Similarities existed, however, among all fluids in the relative concentrations of immunoglobulins. IgG was generally in highest concentration, though the predominant subclass varied. A marked predominance of IgG 2 over IgG 1 occurred in preputial fluid samples of older bulls. IgA was in second highest concentration, and levels were often equal to or greater than those in serum. IgM was in low concentration and occasionally undetectable. IgG/IgA ratios did not exceed 5 in most of the reproductive fluids, whereas serum ratios were usually over 100. Proportional contents of albumin and immunoglobulin in reproductive tract fluids by comparison with those in serum indicated that substantial quantities of IgG as well as IgA were synthesized locally or derived by selective transport. Increased numbers of plasma cells in the lamina propria of the preputial and penile mucosa of older bulls were correlated with higher immunoglobulin concentrations in preputial fluid from older bulls, suggesting that differences in local synthesis were responsible.

Microbiologic Assays and Neurological Toxicity during Use of Adenine Arabinoside in Humans

Patients with herpesvirus infections were given intravenous injections of 10-20 mg of adenine arabinoside (ara-A)/kg per day. When given the higher dosage, some patients with chronic hematologic conditions showed mild to moderate additional depressions in the level of hemoglobin. The number of neutrophils and platelets did not decrease, even when numbers were low at the onset of treatment with ara-A. Two patients with Hodgkin's disease who received 20 mg of ara-A/kg per day developed a transient motor aphasia resembling akinetic mutism. With the regimens of ara-A used and challenge inocula of approximately 50 plaque-forming units of virus, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ara-A and hypoxanthine arabinoside for herpesviruses are usually not achieved in serum but may be attained in body fluids (urine and vesicular fluid). Antiviral activity in vesicular fluids is likely to involve a combination of ara-A, hypoxanthine arabinoside, and interferon.

Properties of the virus isolated from hand-foot and mouth disease patients in 1969-1970 (author's transl)

Green monkey kidney cell (GMK) cultures were used to compare some biological properties between the prototype strain Cox. A-16 and strain 69-70, a representative strain which had been isolated from vesicular fluids of patients with hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Some marker-tests of poliovirus were also applied tentatively to both strains. The results obtained are summarized as follows.Strain 69-70 showed a resistance to anti-69-70 and anti-Cox. A-16 serum, but the prototype strain was readily neutralized by both sera. This character was not alterd by cells used in experiments for virus isolation, multiplication, and neutralization.The infectivity of the prototype strain was 2 log units higher than that of strain 69-70. Electron microscopic observation suggested that many empty virions of strain 69-70 might have been produced.There was a marked reduction in the plaque size and the efficiency of plating of the prototype strain under an acidic agar-overlay, whereas strain 69-70 was not affected with a wide range of bicarbonate concentration.Heating at 50°C in the presence of AlCl3 was effective for stabilizing the infectivity of the prototype strain, but had no such significant effect on that of strain 69-70.The effect of temperature on viral growth of both strains was examined in titration of infective virus at 40, 37, and 30°C. The prototype strain grew readily at these temperatures, but the growth of strain 69-70 was repressed under the same experimental conditions.From the results obtained, it was suggested that the epidemic of HFMD occurring in Japan over a period from 1969 to 1970 might have been induced by the invasion of a new variant strain of Cox. A-16 virus.

松江市におけるエンテロウイルス感染症の検索成績について (1973.4～1973.10)

This laboratory has been making effort to grasp the real state of enterovirus infections in the city population employing virological as well as serological means. And several reportshave already been made by us along this line.This report is mainly concerned with the isolation of enteroviruses and serological turnout in pediatric patients who visited local practitioners' officies or general hospital in Matsue city between April and October 1973 and were diagnosed or suspected as acute enterovirus infections.The results were summarized as follows:1) There were many of patients who were diagnosed or suspected hand, foot and mouth diseaseor aseptic meningitis in this period. Type of isolated virus and its number: Coxsackie (Cox.) A type 9 (14 in number); Cox. B type 4 (2); Cox. B type 5 (5); echovirus type 22 (1); echovirus type 25 (1); untypable (93).2) The outbreak of two disease were occurred in the period from June to August. Some examples were that hand, foot and mouth disease was accompanied with aseptic meningitis in some patient. Or some that aseptic meningitis was occured immediately after recovering from hand, foot and mouth disease.3) Many patients of hand, foot and mouth disease and aseptic meningitis were the ages of 0-24) The 107 strains: H-M/73 neutralized by some antiserum which made from isolated virus from a patient diagnosed as hand, foot and mouth disease in 1973 suggested that they were not or a little concerned in Cox. A type 16 proto type in our neutralization test by plaque reduction test.5) H-M/73 strains were isolated 70 strains out of 82 positive materials from throat swabs, 2 out of 3 positive from feces, 1 out of 1 positive from vesicular fluids of hand, foot and mouth disease patients. And these were isolated 11 out of 22 positive from feces, 1 out of 1 positive from throat swabs of aseptic meningitis patients. Out of their cerebrospinal fluids, 5 strains of Cox. A type 9 and 2 strains of Cox. B type 5 were isolated.6) In 11 pair sera samples obtained from the patients of hand, foot and mouth disease or aseptic meningitis, one sample showed the rise of neutralization anti body for H-M/73 strain, and no sample for Cox. A type 16 proto type.7) We have been examining to prove the H-M/73 strain immunologically and viologically which considered the important cause of the small epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in 1973.

Differential diagnosis of virus infections of the bovine teat skin by electron microscopy

The application of the electron microscope for the rapid diagnosis of cowpox, pseudocowpox and bovine herpes mammillitis (BHM) is described. The simple technique of examining emulsified scabs or vesicular fluids negatively stained with 2 per cent. phosphotungstic acid was found to be a rapid and reliable diagnostic technique when compared with the established method of isolation of the causative virus in tissue culture. Clinical material was examined from a total of 30 herds where teat lesions constituted a herd problem.

Electron Microscope Studies of the Vesicle and Spinal Fluids from a Case of Herpes Zoster.

Summary1. Electron microscope studies of vesicular and spinal fluids from a patient with herpes zoster have demonstrated in both particles of similar size averaging 227 mμ in diameter.2. These particles are compared to those in vesicular fluids from patients with herpes simplex and chicken pox. In herpes simplex particles averaging 213 mμ in diameter were found, and in chicken pox, particles of 245 mμ.