Vertical Links Research Articles

Seismic Story Shear Distribution Based on Inelastic State of Eccentrically Braced Frame with Vertical Link Composite High Strength Steel

Seismic Story Shear Distribution Based on Inelastic State of Eccentrically Braced Frame with Vertical Link Composite High Strength Steel

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FAMILY SMEs IN CAMPECHE, MEXICO: A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Theoretical framework – Our review examines the relational approach to internationalization and the strategic approach to family businesses. It covers three types of social capital, market orientation, and international business orientation. Design/methodology/approach – This is a fuzzy-set qualitative case study. Seven family SMEs from the fishing sector in Campeche, Mexico, compose the sample. Findings – Linking is determining factor for internationalization. The cessation of internationalization occurs in family businesses because of a lack of international entrepreneurship, the family's presence, and a lack of vertical links. Practical & social implications – This study expands the research on internationalization in family SMEs in an emerging economy context, empirically demonstrating how the analyzed exporters' social capital links directly influence their activity. For business professionals, the challenge is to manage their links abroad. Our results show that links play a crucial role in internationalization in this context. Exporters that have not internationalized are advised to strengthen their connections with key government institutions. Originality/value – We show that there is more than one optimal way for family SMEs to succeed in internationalization. Research on the internationalization of family businesses in Mexico is very scarce. Thus, this study responds to calls for further research on the internationalization of SMEs in emerging economies.

Estimating optimum parameters of a new SMA damper under different earthquake ground motions

Process optimization using metaheuristic algorithms is rapidly gaining interest from engineering practitioners and researchers. This study uses the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) to find the optimum parameters of a novel smart damper under seismic excitations. For this purpose, seismic responses of four-story and nine-story building configurations under seven pairs of ground motions have been considered. The smart damper is a shear polyurethane friction (SPF) passive control device, made up of shape memory alloy (SMA) plates, friction devices, and polyurethane springs. The damper was installed using braced frame shear links of Y-shaped inverted type, in the form of a vertical link beam placed in the eccentrically braced frames. Because the shear mode of failure is common in such a configuration, the SPF damper is expected to reduce the residual inter-story drifts of the building subjected to strong earthquake loading. Numerical optimization and time-domain simulations were carried out using the MATLAB and OpenSees software programs, respectively. The targeted optimization criteria include the peak values of inter-story drift, residual drift, and floor acceleration; and the design parameters consist of SMA cross-sectional area, friction force, and the polyurethane stiffness of the SPF-SMA system. The results of this study demonstrate the suitability of CSA for the determination of optimum parameters of the SPF-SMA system for the buildings and ground motions considered. Future studies will investigate the generalizability of the proposed method to other building configurations and ground motions.

Response modification factors for dual moment-resisting frames with vertical links: Multilevel approach

Despite the growing applications of the performance-based design concepts for seismic design of structures, the response modification factors for structural systems proposed by the current design codes and standards do not generally consider different hazard and performance levels. Therefore, these factors are not directly applicable for performance-based design purposes. As a step to address this shortcoming, the present study aims to propose multilevel response modification factors for multistory dual moment-resisting frames equipped with eccentric braces and vertical links corresponding to different seismicity levels and performance targets. The concept of demand and capacity response modification factors is introduced, and these parameters are calculated for moment-resisting frame structures with 3-, 5-, and 7-stories before and after the addition of vertical steel shear links. It is shown that the calculated capacity response modification factors for the dual frames equipped with vertical links are generally higher than the demand response modification factors proposed by the design code for such systems under the design basis earthquake hazard level. This indicates the efficiency of the eccentric braces with the vertical links in improving the seismic reliability and performance of the moment-resisting steel frames. Based on the results of this study, the demand response modification factor for the studied dual lateral load-resisting system is calculated to be in the range of 7–10.

Parameter Optimization for an Underwater Optical Wireless Vertical Link Subject to Link Misalignments

We consider transmitter–receiver (Tx–Rx) parameter optimization for a vertical underwater wireless optical communication link under misalignment conditions. The Tx is assumed to use a light-emitting diode, whereas the Rx uses a silicon photomultiplier that allows a high Rx sensitivity. We consider two typical application scenarios and investigate optimization of the Tx and Rx parameters to optimize the link performance in terms of outage probability. We derive accurate analytical expressions for the distribution of the channel attenuation accounting for link misalignments, which allows for the evaluation of the link performance in terms of bit-error-rate and outage probability without resorting to costly Monte Carlo simulations. Through numerical results, we show and discuss the impact of parameter optimization on the link performance in different link configurations and for various misalignment conditions. In particular, the presented results show the significant performance improvement resulting from optimizing the Tx beam divergence and the Rx field-of-view in the presence of pointing errors.

Minimization of the scintillation index of sinusoidal Gaussian beams in weak turbulence for aerial vehicle-satellite laser communications.

Minimization of the on-axis scintillation index of sinusoidal Gaussian beams is investigated by using the modified Rytov method in weak atmospheric turbulence for uplink/downlink of aerial vehicle-satellite laser communications. Among the focused cosh-Gaussian (cosh-G), cos-Gaussian (cos-G), annular, and Gaussian beams, a suitable displacement parameter for a cosh-G beam is determined that will minimize the scintillation index in uplink and downlink configurations. Then, for both uplink and downlink, the variations of the scintillation index against the propagation distance, source size, and zenith angle are examined and compared among themselves to show the optimum beam that possesses the minimum scintillation index. Sinusoidal Gaussian beams that are focused at the receiver and obtained by employing the appropriate displacement parameter, which we name the optimum beams, are recommended to obtain smaller intensity fluctuations in atmospheric wireless optical communication systems operating in vertical links in weak turbulence.

Women in Kyrgyzstan—Electorally Marginalized but Legislatively Influential: A Theory of Transactional Activism

AbstractHow can we understand the signing of legislation targeting violence against women in postcommunist countries where women are electorally marginalized? Although women are underrepresented in Kyrgyzstan, the country's parliament has passed bride theft and domestic violence legislation. This article proposes a theory of transactional activism: in postcommunist countries where women are electorally marginalized, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can instigate legislative change if the state satisfies three necessary conditions permitting lateral links between NGOs working on behalf of women and vertical links between these nonstate actors and critical actors in parliament. The state must (1) establish a regulatory framework for NGO activity permitting the articulation and representation of women's interests; (2) demonstrate a rhetorical commitment to improving women's lives; and (3) facilitate the election to parliament of critical actors sympathetic to women's interests. In other words, women's substantive representation can occur without strong descriptive representation in the formal legislative arena if the state satisfies these conditions.

Strategy on development of innovative ecosystem in customer values

PurposeIn a fierce competition environment in which product prices fall sharply or even tend to be free, only by realizing differentiated customer value through continuous innovation can companies respond quickly and effectively to changes and enhance their core competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe innovation ecosystem takes the enterprise as the core, based on stakeholders such as partners, customers and intermediaries, and is highly concentrated in an industry or a region to form close horizontal and vertical links with each other[4]. With the goal of continuously creating differentiated customer value, the internal resources of the collaborative system are integrated, and through the rapid flow of knowledge, material and value between the various entities, the overall value-added ability is continuously improved.FindingsThe innovation ecosystem is the core for users to create expected and dream experience. It combines different knowledge systems of groups and individuals with different characteristics and backgrounds to create an environment where various ideas can effectively collide and recombine and integrate resources through multiple channels to form an organism.Originality/valueEcological factors in the production and application of technology diffusion and knowledge in the process of mutual influence, in the process of dynamic interactive learning and self-reinforcing, identify and understand the customer value, coordinated development of the overall operation of product and service system, to form a consistent brand and improve customer loyalty and ultimately improve the innovation ecosystem value.

The effects of EU–Ukraine free trade agreement on the world’s sunflower complex

Abstract We analyse the effects of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine on the world’s sunflower complex markets. We develop a spatial equilibrium model that incorporates the vertical and horizontal links between the primary commodity (seeds) and two final by-products (oil and meal). Our empirical analysis covers eight regions—the leading producers and consumers in the sunflower complex. This agreement causes EU’s sunflower oil price to decrease by USD 17.42 per metric ton, benefiting EU’s consumers by USD 81.4 million. However, EU’s total net welfare decreases by USD 10.3 million, while Ukraine’s increases by USD 32.7 million.

Investigation on effects of system parameters on transmission depth in underwater wireless optical communication

Performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) with different vertical water channel conditions is experimentally analyzed. Experiment has been carried out by varying temperature and salinity of the vertical water channel. Underwater vertical channel is modeled by obtaining the best fit with the experimental data in terms of received optical power as a function of transmission depth and attenuation. This mathematical model is used to simulate UWOC system in Optisystem software to analyze the performance of UWOC in terms of Q factor and BER. Analysis has been carried out to obtain maximum reachable transmission depth at different data rates for fixed input power and maximum achievable data rate at different input power for fixed transmission depth. Maximum reachable transmission depth is also analyzed for different modulation index of the amplitude modulator. These analyses are carried out for optimal performance parameters such as Q factor (≥ 6) and BER (≤ 10–9). Apart from Q factor and BER, performance of the UWOC channel is analyzed through eye diagrams obtained at the receiver of the UWOC system in terms of eye height which reflects the quality of signal. This analysis will be helpful for power budgeting, data rate restriction with transmission depth in different water channel conditions to establish vertical UWOC link.

Usporedba i analiza javno dostupnih batimetrijskih modela na području istočnog Jadranskog mora

In this paper the latest versions of six publicly available bathymetry models: DTU10bat, EMODnet 2018, ETOPO1, GEBCO 2020, Smith and Sandwell V20.1 and SRTM15+ V.2.1. are compared and evaluated in the area of continental shelf of Croatia settled along well intended east Adriatic coast. Survey data in the area is not available through open access data bases, but publicly accessible in agreement with data holders (hydrographic institute, research centres and industry). These grids provide alternative sources of information about seafloor topography. Marine researchers should be acquainted with the main characteristics as well as pros and cons of bathymetry models in order to choose the best one for a specific purpose. In this paper the most important characteristics and information about grids are presented: resolution, coverage, release date, horizontal and vertical datum, data source, registration method, producer and link to website with an emphasis on the underlying source data. The underlying source data is one of the most important parameters that determine the quality of the bathymetric model. Hypsometry curve that is describing the area distribution of depth is calculated for each bathymetry model over the test area of the east Adriatic. For pixel to pixel comparison, grids were resampled to same one-minute resolution and absolute differences between models are calculated in identical points. Absolute differences between models show level of mutual compatibility between models as well as areas of highest disagreements that indicate the presence of outliers or systematic errors within models. In order to demonstrate how well publicly available bathymetry models fit the true topography of the sea floor, grids were compared to high-resolution digital bathymetry model interpolated from the multibeam survey in the area of Murter Sea. This paper should assist in the choice of a most suited bathymetry grid in future maritime studies in the Adriatic.

Seismic behavior of a two-level control system with double vertical shear links in series

To improve seismic behavior of structures, a two-level control system is proposed in this paper where by combining two vertical shear panels in series in a chevron bracing configuration, Double-Vertical Shear Panel, D-VSP is introduced. Utilizing two-levels of energy absorption for two different earthquake intensity levels, D-VSP is expected to beneficially change dynamic behavior parameters like strength, stiffness and damping ratio through increasing ductility. To validate research, a VSP is modeled in ABAQUS and related numerical results are compared to those of a previous experimental work. Pushover, quasistatic cyclic and seismic analyses are conducted on two models. The hysteresis curves show symmetric two-level behavior with stable strength and stiffness leading to increase ductility ratio up to 29.4%. Maximum displacement and maximum base shear under seismic loading decrease 5.91 and 11.18% respectively under moderate earthquakes when D-VSP system uses only first fuse, saving second fuse for severe earthquakes. However, in a strong earthquake, both of the shear panels absorb seismic energy and can control vibration better than conventional systems with one level control mechanism. The proposed system using a weaker panel can better control an extensive range of earthquakes as well as the earthquake with foreshocks.

СТРУКТУРИРОВАНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ВАРИАТИВНОЙ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ В ВУЗЕ

The article deals with the issues of structuring the variative foreign language training content. Variative foreign language training consists of a basic mandatory part for all students, which implements the requirements of Federal state educational standards at a minimum level and variation part. The variation part, represented by educational variants, is designed to meet the cognitive needs of students and take into account personal characteristics that affect the acquisition of a foreign language at the University. It is shown that the system approach is the basis for structuring the content. Professionally oriented foreign language training in higher education is considered as part of the higher education system, is subject to general goals, is regulated by the standard, program, and includes the levels of higher education: bachelor's, master's, specialty, and postgraduate. Disciplines related to foreign language acquisition are focused on the formation of foreign language communication skills, and also allow forming flexible skills that are necessary by specialists in different areas of professional activity today and are increasingly in the future. It is noted that the system approach regulates the construction of variative training parts in the aggregate, due to their interaction. The core of the system is the basic and variation variants availability. The framework of the system is the educational standards requirements, the educational program data, which sets the terms of the course development, the number of hours for classroom and self-study work, the form of intermediate and final control. The system integrity is manifested in the presence of horizontal and vertical links between the educational process elements. Horizontal links are located in the relationship between the basic and variation parts at each education level. Vertical links are found between the basic and additional parts of all levels on the basis of content and technology continuity. Continuity is understood as taking into account the individual level of educational achievements and reliance on the studied material. The results led to structure the variative foreign language training content in "Animal husbandry", to identify the basic and variation parts for the growth and development of foreign language skills and orientation training to suit individual needs and students’ characteristics.

A new efficient multi‐task applications mapping for three‐dimensional Network‐on‐Chip based MPSoC

SummaryThree‐dimensional Network‐on‐Chip (3D NoC) is a promising solution for solving 2D NoC problems while optimizing the system's performance. Mapping applications in 3D NoC is a crucial step as it has a significant impact on overall system performance. Moreover, multi‐task supported processing elements (PEs) are needed to run multiple applications and provide more scalability. Most of the existing 3D mapping approaches consider only the single‐task platform. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi‐task mapping algorithm targeting regular 3D NoC that allows an incremental mapping and parallel execution of many applications onto different partitions on the 3D NoC. The proposed mapping algorithm is composed of three main steps aiming to reduce the communications overhead, exploiting the benefits of vertical links and improving the performances. The algorithm has been evaluated with various random and realistic benchmarks and compared with existing mapping algorithms for 3D NoC. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mapping strategy achieves significant performance in terms of communication cost, energy consumption and execution time.

МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОСТИ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ

Based on the analysis of the main documents of strategic planning of scientific and technological development of Russia in relation to the implementation of regional scientific and technical policy, the article considers the basic principles, including the principle of balanced accounting of horizontal and vertical links and the principle of hierarchical management, the systematic adherence to which allows us to talk about a methodological approach to ensuring the balance of spatial scientific and technological development of Russia. It is shown that an important characteristic of the balance of spatial scientific and technological development of Russia is the interdependence between the level of socio-economic regional development and the level of scientific and technological municipal development.

Обґрунтування гіпотези зв’язку сталого розвитку підприємства з базовим безумовним доходом

The article is concerned with solving the problem of ensuring sustainable development at the level of enterprise as determined by the UN, which is relevant not only at the local level of Ukraine, but also world-wide. The article is aimed at theoretical substantiating the hypothesis on the existence of a connection between sustainable development of enterprises and basic unconditional income (BUI) using general scientific methods of critical and logical analysis and synthesis, ascent from abstract to specific, abstraction. The BUI in the research is understood as regular cash payments in the amount of the real subsistence minimum to citizens of the State, regardless of their socio-economic status. It is substantiated that BUI is the socio-economic regulator of sustainable development of the region and at the same time an instrument for sustainable development of the enterprise to achieve social, economic and ecological balance. It is proposed to consider BUI as an integrating instrument for sustainable development of enterprises and regions, which will provide a vertical link between the goals and objectives of sustainable development to overcome poverty, hunger, opening access to education and self-development at the meso- and micro levels. The example of depressed economically mono structural mining regions and mining enterprises of Ukraine to be liquidated displays the complex impact of BUI on their sustainable development through the component of social development. A comparison of development in the presence and absence of BUI is made and it is identified that the BUI will allow to «mitigate» economic restructuring, level territorial differentiation, implement the policy of social corporate responsibility and public-private partnership at the enterprise. The question has been raised about which economic agent should ensure the payment of BUI: the region or the enterprises operating in the region and using resources that could be saved for future generations. It is proposed to consider the possibility of payment of BUI both from the budget of the region and from the funds of enterprises.

Применимость классификатора Clinical Care Classification в электронном документообороте сестринского персонала для повышения эффективности оказания медицинских услуг в системе здравоохранения Республики Казахстан: Аналитический обзор для формирования политики

Currently, the nursing process is at the core of nursing education and practice, creating a scientific base for nursing care. The nursing process is one of the basic and integral concepts of the modern model of nursing service. This concept was given birth in the United States in the mid-50s and over the years of testing in clinical settings has proved its feasibility. In the health system, the professional group of secondary medical personnel is the most numerous and has a significant impact on ensuring the quality, availability of medical care, and efficiency of the entire system. Over the years, nurses from different countries have sought to gain recognition for their profession. The main goal was to establish the boundaries of their professional activities, the differences between medical and nursing duties, to create a terminological and conceptual apparatus of the profession and to determine the scientific method of providing nursing care to patients (clients). One of the most relevant areas of healthcare reforms in Kazakhstan is the development and expansion of the functions of nursing staff, including the maintenance of nursing documentation, the establishment of a nursing diagnosis, monitoring and management of patients, etc. What is the problem? 1. Lack of a single terminological and conceptual apparatus for all nurses; 2. Workload of general practitioners; 3. Implementation of patient attendance by nurses under the doctor's login; 4. Lack of payment to nurses for services rendered; 5. In appreciation of the role of the average medical worker in the treatment process; 6. Low potential in the nursing service. Policy options Scenario 1. Institutionalization of CCC in the health system of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the gradual introduction into information systems of the international classification of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions in the practice of secondary medical workers. Scenario 2. Interaction of vertical links in the implementation of the CCC by making appropriate changes to regulatory legal acts. Scenario 3. Financing of nursing services by including nursing services in the medical services tariff. The vision for the implementation of the scenarios/policy options. Each of these policy options can contribute to improving the efficiency of providing medical care to the population, the status of secondary medical personnel, and the development of their critical thinking. However, given the different options in the direction of actions, resources and methods used, these policy options can provide a more significant achievement of the goal in improving the quality and effectiveness of introduction when they are implemented in association.

Patriotic education as a basis for strengthening Russian national civic identity: experience of the Republic of Mordovia

Introduction. In modern Russia, patriotism is broadcast by the authorities as the only possible ideology of a democratic state, its national idea, which gives rise to many disputes and discussions within connotational boundaries: “love for the homeland lies outside states and nations – this is an initial, natural, genetic feeling” vs “the idea of sovereign patriotism can and should be the basis of the national idea of Russia”. The purpose of this publication is to consider the conceptual base and the activity of the formation of patriotic consciousness in the period 2012–2020 on the example of a separate subject of the Russian Federation – the Republic of Mordovia. Materials and Methods. The methodology was based on a retrospective analysis, an axiological paradigm, and a systematic approach. Case study was used among the applied methods. The Republic of Mordovia acted as a case, as it is a typical constituent entity of the Russian Federation related to agro-industrial regions, on the other hand as a national republic in which citizens of 119 nationalities live, while the national composition is dominated by Mordovians (Moksha, Erzya), Russians, Tatars. Results and Discussion. In the Republic of Mordovia, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole, civic and patriotic education and the formation of patriotic consciousness of citizens is implemented through a program-targeted approach. This is expressed in a number of state programs, including “Development of Education in the Republic of Mordovia”, “Development of Culture and Tourism in Russia”, “Counteracting Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking”, “Harmonization of Interethnic and Interfaith Relations in the Republic of Mordovia”, etc., and there is a continuity in their adoption and prolongation. Effective vertical and horizontal interagency links have been created for their implementation. In recent years, individual civil society institutions, in particular, socially oriented non-profit organizations, have been actively involved in civic and patriotic education. The work also examines the activity component in the context of the analysis of individual events, graded by the authors for civic and patriotic, social and patriotic, heroic and patriotic and military and patriotic vectors. The problematic area remains the co-financing of state-funded programs in terms of the region’s obligations due to the accumulated problems in the budgetary sphere and, as a result, the highest debt burden of all the subjects of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. In nowadays Russia, the elements of civic-patriotic education are consistently implemented in the state educational, cultural, national, and youth policy. In the Republic of Mordovia, the implementation of patriotic themes is assessed as diversive and it has various formats. It is carried out according to civic and patriotic, socio-patriotic, heroic-patriotic, military-patriotic vectors.

РЕСУРС ДОВЕРИЯ И СПЛОЧЕННОСТИ В ИНТЕГРАЦИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ СООБЩЕСТВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ (ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)

In the article, we analyze the problem of integration of regional communities in the Republic of Adyghea and Krasnodar Region in the face of a global pandemic. We explore the value content and features of two social capital modes – trust and cohesion, which are indicators of the degree of social integration in society. Based on results analysis of sociological survey conducted in September-October 2020 in regions by the questionnaire method, we identify the level of trust and cohesion in a global pandemic. Considering value filling of the changes that are taking place in society, we conceive trust at interpersonal and institutional levels; cohesion at regional, national and global levels. Based on detected low level of interpersonal and institutional trust, and taking into account “unifyingˮ sentiments showing an ambiguous stage of solidarity and community cohesion during the pandemic, crisis and high risk, we prove the need to activate interactions of horizontal links (unifying practices) in society and vertical links between society and power. For this purpose, we propose measures to mobilize domestic resources of society and strengthen vertical power. The significance of the problem under study is that it brings out to rethink and identify risks and hazards for awareness of the unity of society/humanity as a complex system. Under conditions of immediate risk and high uncertainty, further study of the social capital resource, combining with “soft managementˮ of society and direction of risk, seems promising.

Seismic reliability analysis of steel moment-resisting frames retrofitted by vertical link elements using combined series\u2013parallel system approach

The eccentric bracing system equipped with vertical links is capable of providing high levels of stiffness, strength and ductility, and therefore, can be efficiently used for seismic retrofit of existing structures. This study aims to investigate the seismic reliability of steel moment-resisting frames retrofitted by this system using a novel combined series–parallel system approach. The seismic response of 4, 8 and 12-storey steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs) are evaluated under a set of design basis earthquakes (DBE) before and after retrofitting intervention. Adopting an engineering demand parameter approach (EDP-Based) for reliability assessment and development of analytical models for the frames using systems consisting of the series–parallel elements are the major distinctions between the present study and the other similar works. To estimate the global reliability of the frames, first, the reliability of each storey is individually derived based on various probable damage levels for the lateral-load resisting members. Then, the seismic reliability of the frame is globally obtained by combining the reliability of each storey for different damage levels in the lateral load-resisting subsystems. The results indicate significant impact of this type of bracing system on improvement of the performance level and load-carrying capacity of the frames along with reduction of the lateral displacements. It is shown that application of the vertical links can reduce the maximum inter-storey drifts by at least 60%, while it leads to at most 17% increase in the base shear. All retrofitted frames exhibited a performance level higher than the Life Safety (LS) when subjected to the DBE hazard level records (earthquakes with return period of 475 years). At the same level of earthquake intensity, in the cases when the drift corresponding to the LS performance level is used as the target, the reliability of the retrofitted frames was improved by more than 90% compared to the original frames for all damage states developed in the vertical links.