Vertical Graphene Nanosheets Research Articles

Effect of substrate type on structural and electrochemical performance of vertical graphene nanosheets deposited by HWP-CVD

Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGs) were synthesized on Cu, Ti, Si, and C substrates by helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD) method using CH4/Ar as precursors. The obtained samples formed vertical orientation structures of nanosheets-graphene as the scanning electron microscopy and TEM images indicated. Specifically, the VGs grown on Cu substrate exhibit a parallel arrangement with a wall spacing of approximately 450 nm. This structural characteristic facilitates efficient ion exchange channels and promotes low resistance for electron transport. The effect of substrate type on the growth mechanism of VGs was discussed. The relationship between the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the VGs grown on different substrates was investigated. The charge transfer resistance of the VGs/Cu is 20.75 Ω, and the value of VGs/Ti, VGs/C and VGs/Si are 23.51 Ω, 33.76 Ω and 66.40 Ω, respectively. The robust vertical orientation structure of VGs holds promise for various applications, including catalyst support in fuel cells, conductive electrodes in photovoltaic cells, and energy storage devices like lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. This structural characteristic plays a pivotal role in advancing the development of next-generation energy storage technologies.

Constructing LiF‐Enriched Solid Electrolyte Interface on Graphene Arrays with Abundant Edges on Microscale Si‐C Anodes Toward High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractSilicon (Si) anodes offer excellent lithium storage capacity for lithium‐ion batteries but face practical limitations due to significant volume expansion and low intrinsic electrical conductivity. These issues lead to side reactions that consume the electrolyte and impede ion‐electron transport, resulting in low areal loading (<2 mg cm⁻²) and restricted energy density. To address this, a scalable method is developed using spray drying of commercial graphite flakes (s‐Gr) and nanosilicon particles (n‐Si), followed by chemical vapor deposition to create microscale Si/C anodes (s‐Gr/n‐Si/VGs). Thin vertical graphene nanosheets (VGs) are grown on the surfaces and within the internal pores, forming a robust, micron‐sized Si/C spherical composite material. The VGs construct the conductive network, allowing the electrodes to operate at high areal loadings without pulverization and promoting LiF‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase for improved cycling stability. The s‐Gr/n‐Si/VGs maintain a capacity of 641.9 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 11.0 mg cm⁻², retaining 95.9% capacity. In pouch cells with NCM811 cathodes, the 5.0 Ah‐level cells achieved 80.0% capacity retention after 510 cycles at 1.0 C. This research provides a feasible pathway for manufacturing high‐performance, low‐cost, and scalable Si/C anodes suitable for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.

Laser-Induced Vertical Graphene Nanosheets for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Efficient and affordable electrocatalysts are fundamental for the sustainable production of hydrogen from water electrolysis. Here, an approach for the rapid production of laser-induced vertical graphene nanosheets (LIVGNs) through the exfoliation of the graphite foil under laser irradiation is presented. The density of the formed LIVGNs is ∼3 per 100 μm2. On leveraging the inherent flexibility and conductivity of the graphite foil substrate, the resulting LIVGNs exhibit a 2.2-fold increase in capacitance, making them promising candidates for electrode applications. The laser-induced surface reconstruction introduces abundant sharp edges to the LIVGNs, enhancing their electrocatalytic potential for hydrogen evolution. In electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution tests in acidic media, the LIVGNs demonstrate superior performance with a remarkable decrease in the required overpotential at 10 mA cm-2, from -555 mV for the pristine graphite foil to -348 mV for LIVGNs. This improvement is attributed to the active sites provided by the sharp edges, facilitating hydrogen species adsorption. Furthermore, the hydrophilic behavior of LIVGNs is enhanced through the anchoring of oxygen-containing groups, promoting the rapid release of the produced hydrogen bubbles. Importantly, the modified LIVGN electrode exhibits long-term stability across a wide range of current densities during chronoamperometry tests. This research introduces a transformative strategy for the efficient preparation of vertical graphene sheets on conductive graphite foils, showcasing their potential applications in electrocatalysis and energy storage.

Ultrastable monolithic electrodes with single-atom platinum-oxygen sites for efficient hydrogen evolution in acidic conditions

PtNC single-atom catalysts (SACs) single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising for acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but suffer from instability at high current densities, limiting their large-scale application. Herein, PtO bonds are constructed to securely anchor atomically dispersed Pt for single-atom (SA) catalysis, utilizing etched vertical graphene (EVG) nanosheets as monolithic supports (Pt-SAs/EVG). Compared to PtNC, the resultant PtO4 coordination demonstrates improved stability while maintaining significant catalytic activity. When applying this catalyst in the acidic HER, a high turnover frequency (34.6 s−1) is achieved at 70 mV, accompanied by exceptional durability exceeding 100 h at −100 mA cm−2. Theoretical analyses indicate that the PtO bonds confer stability to the Pt atoms, facilitating the efficient adsorption of protons and the subsequent desorption of hydrogen. The prepared Pt-SAs/EVG can also be directly employed as the cathode to afford stable operation at 0.5 A cm−2 in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell. This study offers novel insights into enhancing the performance of SACs for industrial applications in electrocatalysis.

Effects of Plasma Ions/Radicals on Kinetic Interactions in Nanowall Deposition: A Review

Recent advances in the growth of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) and vertical graphene nanosheets using various plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) methods are reviewed in this article. Growth methods are classified into hot‐ and cold‐wall reactors equipped with diverse plasma generation systems, and their respective characteristics are summarized, with particular attention to the behavior of reactive species, such as ions and radicals, generated within the plasma. Recent progress in this research domain is outlined for each method, and an organized account of the chemical kinetic phenomena occurring within the plasma is provided. Finally, future perspectives are discussed. Fundamental data are obtained through real‐time in situ measurements of ions and radicals, and the construction of a database from these data offers microscopic insights that significantly enhance processing outcomes for macroscopically controlling the mechanical shapes and chemical properties of CNWs.

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticle load on photoelectric properties of TiO2/VGs heterojunction

Preparation of Titanium dioxides loaded vertical graphene nanosheets (TiO2/VGs) composite films with heterojunctions by a multi-plasma combination method. Highly vertically oriented VGs were prepared by helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD), and TiO2 nanoparticles were deposited on VGs templates by ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering (UH-MS). By controlling the sputtering time of TiO2 nanoparticles to modulate the nanoparticle loading content. The morphology, structure, and photocatalytic performance of heterojunction TiO2/VGs composite films were investigated. The characterization results of morphology and structure show that the structure of VGs nanosheets is not altered by the increase of the deposited particle content, indicating that VGs have excellent mechanical properties as a template for TiO2 loading. As the deposition time of the TiO2 nanoparticles increases, the loading type progresses from epitaxial growth at the beginning to conformal deposition and eventually to gap-filling growth. Photoelectric performance tests showed that the heterojunctions were formed at the interface between TiO2 and VGs. The photovoltage test results show that the photogenerated carriers are effectively separated at the interface, and the nanosheets can promote the migration of separated electrons to the external circuit. The variation in photocurrent density shows a positive correlation with the number of TiO2 attachment sites and loading content on the surface of the VGs nanosheets.

Functional integrated electromagnetic interference shielding in supercapacitors based on aligned SiC nanowires decorated vertical graphene nanosheets

To ensure the normal operation of electronic components without mutual infection in radiated electromagnetic waves, integrating the function of electromagnetic interference (EMI) into the energy storage device is a feasible measure. In this work, highly conductive vertical graphene sheets (VGNs) were in-situ introduced on aligned SiC nanowires (SiCNWs) arrays, constructing the core-shell SiCNWS@VGNs structure with good structural stability, robust interface, exceptional electrical conductivity and large specific surface area. Benefiting from the unique hierarchical array-like structure, the constructed self-supporting SiCNWS@VGNs electrode exhibited excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of the SiCNWs@VGNs electrode could be up to 26.42 mF/cm2 at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2, which was 185 % of that of pure SiCNWs electrode. Surprisingly, the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor displayed superior cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 120.06 % after 5000 cycles at 10 mA/cm2. Additionally, with the synergistic effect of VGNs, SiCNWs arrays and carbon fabric substrate, the SiCNWS@VGNs electrode also possessed excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 56.09 dB with a thickness of 0.4 mm. Remarkably, when the thickness of the electrode material reached 1.2 mm, the EMI SE was as high as 108.27 dB, owing to the excellent electrical conductivity and abundant heterogeneous interfaces. Significantly, this work provides a new inspiration for the construction of multifunctional supercapacitors with the ability of electromagnetic interference shielding.

Synergistic effect of morphology and Co+2/Co+3 ratio on supercapacitor performance of Co3O4/vertical graphene nanosheets binder-free hybrid electrodes

Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanostructures decorated vertical graphene nanosheets (VGN) based hybrid electrodes are synthesized to fabricate binder-free high-performance supercapacitors. Tuning of microstructure, morphology, and stoichiometry of Co3O4 nanostructures is endeavoured by growing them in an oxygen medium using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The variation in background oxygen pressure transformed the growth morphology of Co3O4 nanostructures from smooth film to nano-particulate caterpillar, flower, and cloud-like. Additionally, the variation in background oxygen pressure significantly influences the Co+2/Co+3 ratio. Moreover, the morphology variation led to a significant change in electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and the electrochemical impedance characteristics varied from highly capacitive to nearly diffusive nature. These Co3O4/VGN hybrid electrodes exhibited an areal capacitance value of 32 mF/cm2 (1900 F/g) @ 20 mV/s with cyclic stability of 87 % after 3000 charge-discharge (CD) cycles in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Herein, a correlation between morphology, ECSA, and Co+2/Co+3 ratio with areal capacitance values is established. Finally, an asymmetric coin-cell device is fabricated using the Co3O4/VGN as a positive electrode and oxygenated VGN as a negative electrode, respectively. The coin-cell device exhibited a 4 mF/cm2 capacitance with energy and power densities of about 1.8 μWh/cm2 and 218.8 μW/cm2, respectively. Additionally, the coin-cell device displayed excellent cyclic stability of 92% after 5000 CD cycles. The potential utilization of this device is demonstrated by lighting an LED.

Recent Progress of Vertical Graphene: Preparation, Structure Engineering, and Emerging Energy Applications.

Vertical graphene (VG) nanosheets have garnered significant attention in the field of electrochemical energy applications, such as supercapacitors, electro-catalysis, and metal-ion batteries. The distinctive structures of VG, including vertically oriented morphology, exposed, and extended edges, and separated few-layer graphene nanosheets, have endowed VG with superior electrode reaction kinetics and mass/electron transportation compared to other graphene-based nanostructures. Therefore, gaining insight into the structure-activity relationship of VG and VG-based materials is crucial for enhancing device performance and expanding their applications in the energy field. In this review, the authors first summarize the fabrication methods of VG structures, including solution-based, and vacuum-based techniques. The study then focuses on structural modulations through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to tailor defects and morphology, aiming to obtain desirable architectures. Additionally, a comprehensive overview of the applications of VG and VG-based hybrids d in the energy field is provided, considering the arrangement and optimization of their structures. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of VG-based energy-related applications are discussed.

3D binder-free nanoarchitecture design of porous silicon/graphene fibers for ultrastable lithium storage

Enhancing the stability and fast-charging capability of battery electrodes is of paramount importance in the field of battery technology. Silicon (Si), renowned for its high specific capacity, has emerged as a promising candidate for anodes. However, the limited structural stability and electron/ion conductivity of silicon-based anodes have raised significant concerns, including fractures and the continuous formation of unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, leading to rapid capacity decay. In this study, we introduce a comprehensive approach to fabricating a binder-free and free-standing anode electrode paper using a combination technique of employing electrospinning, magnetron sputtering, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. This developed paper electrode incorporates a 3D interconnected network of nitrogen-doped vertical graphene nanosheets (VGs) that connect porous carbon fibers (PCFs) with uniformly distributed Si nanoparticles (VGs@Si@PCFs). The as-fabricated VGs@Si@PCFs paper effectively addresses the mechanical and chemical stability issues commonly associated with Si anodes. The VGs@Si@PCFs anode demonstrates a remarkable reversible capacity of 2205 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and exhibits exceptional cycling performance with 83.5% capacity retention at 1.0 A g-1 after 3000 cycles. This design leverages the nanoporous carbon fibers and nitrogen-doped vertical graphene nanosheets as flexible and conductive supports, enhancing the robustness and flexibility of the electrode. Additionally, mechanical modeling reveals that the overall Mises strain in the porous VGs@Si@PCFs structure is significantly lower compared to nonporous cases, potentially minimizing low-cycle fatigue. Our free-standing Si/C composite anode introduces a new class of low-strain Si-based materials, showcasing significantly improved stabilities and fast-charging capabilities.

Vertical graphene nanosheets as interface current-collector for enhanced charge-storage kinetics of bimetallic MOF nano-rods and asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors

Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGN), also known as vertical-oriented graphene or carbon nanowalls emerge recently for different energy storage devices by virtue of their interesting properties that enable them to bring out as excellent current-collector and templates for the growth of different nanostructures. In the current research, we design the facile synthesis of nano-sized bimetallic NiCo MOF on VGN (NiCo MOF/VGN) to achieve improved storage performance. The enhanced capacitive contribution, wetting nature, and charge-transfer kinetics of NiCo MOF/VGN facilitate an increase in the energy-storage performance in the case of an in-situ (solvothermal) method than the drop-cast method. Further, the comparison also confirms that VGN acts as an excellent current collector for NiCo MOF than carbon paper. Due to the unique morphology of VGN and nano rod-like NiCo MOF structure, the NiCo MOF/VGN composite delivers a specific capacity of 132 mA h g−1 (475 C g−1) and a specific capacitance of 950 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a high rate capability of 93.2 % at 10 A g−1. Moreover, the assembled asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor device (NiCo MOF/VGN//PVA + KOH//activated carbon) exhibited a high energy density of 58.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1170 W kg−1 and a high power density of 7 kW kg−1 at an energy density of 36.5 Wh kg−1 with a cycle stability of 88.5 % after 10,000 cycles of charge-discharge.

Simultaneously Encapsulating Co/Co2P Nanoparticles Inside and Growing Vertical Graphene Nanosheets Outside for N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Sulfur Carriers for High‐Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Agglomeration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) extremely hampers utilization of active surface area and impedes sulfur loading, which limit their application in high–energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, N‐doped carbon nanotubes with Co/Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated inside and vertical graphene (VG) nanosheets grown outside (CCP@NCNT@VGs) are prepared as efficient sulfur carriers for Li–S batteries. The Co/Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated in the NCNTs could strongly anchor polysulfide and efficiently catalyze the conversion of polysulfides to Li2S, while the 3D hierarchical conductive network constructed by the vertical graphene nanosheets and NCNT quickly transfer electrons and improve the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The as‐synthesized hierarchical structure combines conductivity with anchoring and catalysis, significantly elevating the electrochemical performance of the Li–S batteries. Hence, even at a high mass loading of 7 mg cm−2, the CCP@NCNT@VGs/S electrode with limited electrolyte/sulfur ratio (4 μL mg−1) exhibits a high areal capacity of 7 mAh cm−2, showing great application potential in the field of energy storage.

Preparation of self-supporting vertically/horizontally grown graphene microelectrodes for neurotransmitter determination

The development of microelectrodes for the rapid in situ detection of neurotransmitters and their metabolic levels in human biofluids has considerable significance in biomedical research. In this study, self-supported graphene microelectrodes with B-doped, N-doped, and B- and N-co-doped vertical graphene (BVG, NVG, and BNVG, respectively) nanosheets grown on horizontal graphene (HG) were fabricated for the first time. The high electrochemical catalytic activity of BVG/HG on monoamine compounds was explored by investigating the influence of B and N atoms and the VG layer thickness on the response current of neurotransmitters. Quantitative analysis using the BVG/HG electrode in a blood-like environment with pH 7.4 indicated that the linear concentration ranges were 1–400 and 1–350 μM for dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.271 and 0.361 μM, respectively. For tryptophan (Trp), the sensor measured a wide linear concentration range of 3–1500 μM over a wide pH range of 5.0–9.0, with the LOD fluctuating between 0.58 and 1.04 μM. Furthermore, the BVG/HG microelectrodes could be developed as needle- and pen-type sensors for the detection of DA, 5-HT, and Trp in human blood and gastrointestinal secretion samples.

The quality studies of vertical graphene nanosheets catalyst-free microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited on glass and fused silica

Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGN) were prepared by a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique on glass and fused silica. Their quality was explored by Raman scattering spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). We have observed a correlation between Raman scattering spectroscopy data and TAS parameters (charge carrier relaxation times and relative transient absorption signal amplitude). The substrate-related effects were explained by competition between the changes in the size of the effects induced by the graphene nanocrystallite, the substrate-induced graphene self-doping, and the presence of on-site and vacancy defects along with the dominant boundary defects. The optical and electrical properties of VGN on glass deposited at low substrate temperature (600 °C) were similar or even better compared to VGN on fused silica. The ability to prepare high-quality VGN on glass could be very attractive for practical application due to the low substrate price.

Uniform lithium deposition guided by Au nanoparticles in vertical-graphene/carbon-cloth skeleton for dendrite-free and stable lithium metal anode

Owing to the high electrochemical reactivity and infinite volume expansion of lithium metal anode, the uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth drags the lithium metal anode out of the real application for a long time. Herein, a heterogeneous seed layer of Au nanoparticles (NPs) is uniformly deposited on the 3D porous vertical graphene nanosheets on carbon cloth (Au-VG/CC) to construct a lithiophilic surface, achieving a smooth and dendrite-free morphology. As a result, Au-VG/CC electrode delivers a small voltage hysteresis of 67.2 mV and a long cycling life of more than 500 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 with 5 mAh cm−2. Results of XRD and in-situ transmission electron microscopy indicate that the formed lithiophilic layer is Li3Au which can guide the lithium deposition. Moreover, a full battery assembled with Li@Au-VG/CC as the anode and LiFePO4 as the cathode delivers 77.3 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles.

In situ anchoring CuS nanoparticles on vertical aligned graphene nanosheets supported on carbon cloth for high-performance supercapacitors

In situ anchoring CuS nanoparticles on vertical aligned graphene nanosheets supported on carbon cloth for high-performance supercapacitors

Gold nanoparticle decorated vertical graphene nanosheets composite/hybrid for acetone sensing at room temperature

In the present paper, gold (Au) nanoparticle decorated vertical grapheme nanosheet (Au-VGN) composites is investigated for understanding the sensing mechanism along with charge transfer mechanism at nanoscale. Au metal nanoparticles on graphene are characterized by Raman spectroscopy and studied using conducting atomic force microscopy (CAFM). The gas sensing measurements are carried out to study the modulations in the electronic and electrochemical properties of the composites. The findings in electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations of Au-VGN suggest that changes in electrical, electrochemical properties as well as Raman shift is attributed to the charge transfer between Au nanoparticles and graphene. To have an insight knowledge about the charge transfer mechanism, PFM studies are also carried out for these samples and a significant effect in modifying the electronic structure of Au decorated VGN towards acetone sensing at room temperature is observed. This metal decorated VGN sample shows a pronounced sensitivity of 10 % within 300 s for 150 ppm of acetone.

Binder-free vertical graphene nanosheets templated NiO petals for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Transition metal oxide and carbon-based hybrid nanostructures with high charge capacity and rate capabilities are emerging as promising electrodes for commercial supercapacitor devices. Herein, we report the fabrication of binder-free supercapacitor electrodes of vertical graphene nanosheets (VGN) templated NiO petals. The NiO petals are grown under different background O2 pressure, deposition temperature, and the number of laser shots using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The morphology, microstructure, and stoichiometry of the NiO petals are greatly influenced by the background O2 pressure and deposition temperature. The increase in deposition temperature has been found to increase the particle size, whereas the number of laser shots affected the morphology and stoichiometry. Further, the VGN templated growth facilitates the NiO to possess a high surface area and, in turn, results in ∼2.5 times higher areal capacitance than the NiO directly grown on carbon paper substrate without VGN. In the present study, the VGN templated NiO petals exhibited areal capacitance as high as 175 mF/cm2 @ 0.1 V/s. The high areal capacitance is correlated with morphology, microstructure, particle size, and mass loading. An asymmetric coin cell device fabricated using NiO/VGN hybrid and oxygenated VGN electrodes exhibited energy and power densities of 0.4 μWh/cm2 and 102 μW/cm2, respectively. Further, LED lighting using the coin cell reveals the potential utilization of NiO/VGN hybrid electrodes for commercial applications.

Construction of Na0.5MnO2 nanosheet/vertical graphene nanoarrays as binder-free high-voltage cathode for supercapacitors

For aqueous supercapacitors, the voltage window and relatively low energy density have always been the main concerns hindering its development and application. Although the operational voltage window is determined by the intrinsic electrochemical stability of water (1.23 V), such an impediment could be overcome by taking advantage of the additional overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, vertical graphene nanosheet arrays (VGs) were in situ grown on carbon cloth substrate (CC-VG) via a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, and a flexible supercapacitor cathode material CC-VG/Na0.5MnO2 was subsequently prepared by electrodeposition and electrochemical oxidation. It is interesting to find that the electrode voltage window for CC-VG/Na0.5MnO2 can be extended to 0–1.3 V with significantly increased specific capacitance up to 525 F/g at 2 A/g benefitting from the presence of VGs and the high Na+ content that increased overpotential of OER by the Na+ deintercalation/intercalation, which shed new lights on developing widen-voltage aqueous supercapacitors with high energy density.

Enhanced charge storage performance of MXene based all-solid-state supercapacitor with vertical graphene arrays as the current collector

The dwindling depletion of fossil fuels and ever-growing energy demand are the two sole persuasive reasons of the search for renewable clean green energy sources and the storing of these energy sources are called for immediate attention for the fabrication of supercapacitor like efficient energy storage devices. Variety of electrode materials have been investigated over the past years to surpass the shortcomings (low energy density, poor stability, high internal resistance etc.) of the two main category of supercapacitors i.e., electric double layer (EDL) capacitor and pseudocapacitor. To tie the advantages of both of these types of supercapacitive materials, herein we have fabricated a two-electrode symmetric device using Ti3C2Tx MXene and passivated vertical graphene nanosheets (VGN) as a current collector material. The easily synthesized material was investigated through several characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, surface area analysis and finally the electrochemical measurements. The device displayed a high areal capacitance of 199 mF/cm2 at 0.08 mA/cm2 along with an excellent stability and columbic efficiency of 90 % and nearly 100 % over 6000 repetitive charge-discharge cycles. The energy density and corresponding power density were also found to be remarkable and as high as 13.57 μWh/cm2 and 31.07 μW/cm2 respectively. To corroborate our experimental observations qualitatively, we have carried out the extensive Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations and presented the structural and electronic properties of pristine VGN and MXene sheets and MXene@VGN. The interaction between VGN and MXene is due to charge transfer from Ti 3d orbital of MXene to C 2p orbital of VGN. Enhanced quantum capacitance and lower diffusion energy barrier for the electrolyte's ions in MXene@VGN justify the superior charge storage performance in the modified structure compared to pristine VGN and MXene as observed in the experiment. The computed quantum capacitance follows the trend MXene@VGN > MXene > VGN, matching nicely with the trend of specific capacitance obtained in the experiment.