Version Of Events Research Articles

Reexamining the Nineteenth-Century Presidency and Partisan Press: The Case of President Grant and the Whiskey Ring Scandal

Studies of the institutional development of the presidency and popular leadership by presidents over time lead us to contrary expectations as to how a nineteenth-century president would react to a major political scandal. Scholarship on newspapers of the late 1800s is also unclear on how a quasipartisan media, with some outlets moving toward independence, would cover a White House scandal. I find that a close analysis of the case of President Ulysses S. Grant and the Whiskey Ring scandal forces us to reconsider what we assume to be firmly modern developments in both presidential studies and media history. Though a supposedly “premodern” president, Grant still mounted a concerted effort to mitigate the damage of the scandal. Further, although the president could get his version of events across in prominent newspapers, Republican newspaper coverage was hardly reliable. Newspapers also connected politicians’ character and psychology to mistakes made in office and made presidential strategies to shape public perception clear to their audiences—emphases on political gamesmanship considered hallmarks of the modern media environment.

Delaying Pre-trial Therapy to Child Victims of Sexual Abuse: An Unfounded Prevailing Culture in South Africa?

Due to the statutory obligation to report child sexual abuse to the authorities, children in South Africa are increasingly called to testify in criminal proceedings. A recent qualitative study found that South African parents and social workers are often advised by legal professionals to postpone pre-trial therapy (therapy provided to child witnesses prior to testimony) until after the child’s testimony, based on concerns that therapy could contaminate the child’s version of events, and might ultimately lead to an acquittal of the accused. In this study, the authors analysed selected authoritative documents to explore whether or not any directives exist in respect of the provision of pre-trial therapy to child victims of sexual abuse in South Africa. Our findings suggest that none of the authoritative documents included in our document review specifically mention the rendering of pre-trial therapy to child victims of sexual abuse. Recommendations for policy reform and research are made.

MULTI-TEMPORAL SPATIAL DATA AFRICA

Abstract. To plan for the future, it is essential to understand the present as well as the past. Hindsight is the most valuable asset when examining how to proceed. Apart from natural catastrophes, conditions do not happen, they develop! This paper proposes that in order to change or influence conditions, not only must their present state be considered, but it is essential to investigate what triggered them in the first place. This requires access to records that might have to reach back for as much as many years. In Africa, such records are hard, if not impossible, to retrieve. Moreover, whatever records can be located are likely to have been compiled by a variety of different agencies, each presenting their own versions of events and consequently, often contradictory. To overcome such problems, it is proposed to use aerial photography that has been taken and hopefully archived over the past decades. Such aerial imagery can provide temporal geospatial data to trace the course, interaction and consequences of events. Combined with more recent satellite imagery, they provide unbiased evidence of past developments that can now be analyzed and assessed based on our awareness of today. This presentation deals with advanced data conversion and automated processing procedures conceived for convenient and user-friendly information access, as well as data mining and bigdata processing.

COXI based phylogenetic analysis of Caucasian clade of European Troglocaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) with the suggestion of a new taxonomic group structure

New genetic data on Caucasian troglobiotic shrimps collected from the territory of Russia, Abkhazia and Western Georgia are presented. Based on new genetic data on the marker region of subunit I of cytochrome oxidase of mitochondrial DNA (COXI mtDNA) of Caucasian species and other taxa of European cave shrimps (Troglocaris s.l.) from GenBank (NCBI) database, a new generic structure is presented. Based on a significant genetic divergence of COXI mtDNA subgenera of Troglocaris s.l., namely Troglocaris s.s., Xiphocaridinella and Spelaeocaris, should be considered as separate genera while Troglocaris (Troglocaridella) hercegovinensis (Babić, 1922) is suggested to be transferred within Dinaric genus Spelaeocaris as Spealeocaris hercegovinensis (Babić, 1922) comb. nov. Besides, Troglocaris bosnica shows a significant a genetic difference (at the level of the separate genus) from the remaining representatives of the genus Troglocaris s.s. Moreover, p-distances (COXI) of about 17% are supposed for generic separation within European Troglocaris-related atyid shrimps and 5% for separation of cryptic species within Caucasian Xiphocaridinella. A list of all known taxa of Troglocaris-related atyid shrimps of the European part and a discussion of the general distribution of troglocaridid atyid shrimps in the Balkans and the Caucasus are presented. A new version of divergence events between Dinaric–Caucasian Troglocaris lineages (genera) based on new genetic data is suggested.

Pre-trial therapy for child witnesses in cases of sexual abuse: A scoping literature review

Globally, child complainants of sexual abuse are expected to testify in criminal proceedings and in some countries therapy is delayed until after the child testifies as not to contaminate the child’s version of events. We carried out a scoping review of the literature on the provision of pre-trial therapy to child witnesses in cases of sexual abuse, to identity pertinent practice issues. We searched the following data bases: Academic FileOne, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, eBook (EBSCOHost); HeinOnline, OAPEN Library, PscyhARTICLS, PscyhINFO; SocINDEX, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus. We identified white and grey literature for the period spanning 1980 to 2016. Inclusion criteria included studies published in English, experimental studies, literature reviews, and policy documents relating to the provision of pre-trial therapy for child witnesses in criminal cases of sexual abuse. We discovered that an internationally accepted clear definition of pre-trial therapy is needed to ensure a common understanding thereof amongst all role players. A dearth of empirical studies exists and consequently the possible impact of different forms of therapeutic approaches on the child witness’ testimony is yet to be conclusively determined. In the interim, therapists and other role players should be acutely aware of the impact of different forms of therapy on the child witness’s testimony.

‘Victim playing’ as a form of verbal aggression in the Czech parliament

Abstract As the core of political discourse is the struggle for power and scarce resources, conflict seems to be an essential component of political action and interaction. In addition, conflicts in parliament are manifested in many different ways. They range from disputes during the plenary sessions to more personal attacks in the question time. This paper, however, examines an atypical display of parliamentary discourse, namely a speech by a social democratic MP David Rath, which regarded a vote on his extradition and was delivered on 5 June 2012. This speech obviously did not fulfil the primary function of the parliamentary sessions, i.e. legislating and decision-making. Here the MP was given the opportunity to present his own version of events and ask fellow MPs to maintain his parliamentary immunity. The analysis revealed two intertwining discourse strategies. On the one hand, the MP who is charged with several criminal acts presents himself as a victim of a conspiracy. In that, he aims to divert attention from the criminal case while calling for sympathy and providing self-justification. On the other hand, he uses his time to verbally complain about his arrest, the conditions in which he is held in custody, and the people he holds responsible for his current situation; he uses verbal attacks to undermine and disqualify a number of overt and covert enemies. The key aim of the analysis is to explore how victimhood is constructed in discourse, what discourse strategies are observable at the macro-level and how they are reflected in the discourse structure and in the linguistic style.

Shaping mnemonic opportunity: Remembering Iraq in American Sniper

This article contributes to scholarship on public memory by developing a rhetorical model of “mnemonic opportunity.” Scholars of collective memory, especially sociologists influenced by the political process model of social movement research, have conceived of mnemonic opportunity as a more or less objective set of circumstances that determine a group’s actions. I modify this view by calling on rhetorical theory which demonstrates the ways rhetors shape the apparent situation to which they ostensibly respond. The result is a view of rhetors shaping mnemonic opportunity by associating their version of events with resonant concepts in the culture and, thus, better influencing public memory. I offer a critical reading of the film American Sniper to examine how the text shapes and exploits opportunities to remember the Iraq War positively through the popular figure of the Navy SEAL as a masculine western hero.

Reconsidering Donizone’s Vita Mathildis (again): Boniface of Canossa and the Emperor Conrad II

This article investigates the relationship between Boniface of Canossa and the Emperor Conrad II and counters the standard narrative which presents the two figures as close allies throughout Conrad’s reign. This article argues that this version of events is based too heavily on the account of Donizone of Canossa and on a handful of ambiguous references by other authors, all of whom held ulterior motives for portraying Boniface as a loyal and exceptional imperial subject. By looking instead at the charter evidence for the interactions between Boniface and Conrad the article will demonstrate that the interests of these two individuals only coincided in the final years of Conrad’s lifetime and that it was only in these years that Boniface moved into a place of influence within the imperial court.

The work of categorisation in achieving moral order in feedback talk during the school-based professional experience

As part of the school practicum experience, supervising and pre-service teachers have regular professional conversations. Supervising teachers are expected to model, assess and evaluate their pre-service teachers’ classroom skills, and a key component of this is feedback about pre service teachers’ teaching techniques. This paper uses conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis to unpack the initial three turns of such feedback to show how they have procedural consequence for the speakers’ professional relationships and for the talk that follows. Analysis of seven audio-recordings reveals some of the conversational ways the participants constitute their institutional roles and relationships within a particular moral relational order: the speakers talking as supervising, or pre-service teachers with and for each other about teaching practices. Pre-service teachers are seen for the most part to align with their supervising teachers’ versions of events. These speakers collaboratively co-construct asymmetrical institutional relationships, interactively normalising their shared understandings of attributes associated with ‘good’ teachers and effective teaching. We suggest that the development of such asymmetric relationships and understandings may well inhibit pre-service teacher learning, limiting possibilities for extended understandings of alternative classroom practices.

‘Io so’: the absence of resolution as resolution in contemporary Italian cinema about the ‘years of lead’

This article analyses three fantasy sequences in contemporary Italian cinema about political terrorism in the period known as theanni di piombo(‘years of lead’). It argues that, faced with divided memories, ideologically-charged narratives of the past, political interference and the so-called Italian anomalies, film-makers have reacted by making the absence of resolution a question in its own right. The article identifies and analyses three specific approaches, each linked to a sequence from each film. The first sequence, ‘uno sfondo di verità’, focuses on Marco Tullio Giordana’sRomanzo di una strage, which navigates the absence of resolution, lamenting it but also exploiting it to force a particular version of events. The second sequence, ‘vado a dormire’, focuses on Marco Bellocchio’sBuongiorno, notte, which uses a dream sequence to fabricate a different resolution, but simultaneously underscore reality. The third sequence, ‘mea culpa’, analyses the invented confession scene in Paolo Sorrentino’sIl Divo, arguing that it employs ambiguity to find closure in imagination itself, rather than in an imagined truth. Through the micro-analyses of these texts, this article seeks to highlight a broader question about cinema’s relationship with ambiguity and mystery in modern Italian history.

“Where our commonality is necessary…”: Rethinking the End of the Habsburg Monarchy

As the hundredth anniversary ofNovember1918 approaches, this article suggests some ways in which historians might rethink dominant narratives about the character of the Habsburg monarchy in its final years, the reasons for its collapse, and its complex legacies to the postwar world. Currently, most accounts that narrate the fall of the empire are still shaped to some extent by outcomes whose character was defined at the time by the nationalist architects of the states that replaced the monarchy. Even accounting for a sensible revisionism of their versions of events over the past century, their general reasoning, their ideological claims, and their worldviews frame the predominant explanations for why the monarchy fell when it did. Concomitantly, they continue to influence our understanding of the character of the regimes that replaced the monarchy after its fall.

Journalism, Caricature and Satirical Drawings in Early Picasso (1891–1895): The Awakening of Pablo Ruiz’s Critical Consciousness

In Pablo Picasso’s formative period in A Coruña (1891–1895), where he was born as an artist, the child and pre-adolescent who at that time signed himself as Pablo Ruiz, already knowing he was a genius, pursued an intense programme of creative activity while devoting himself to drawing and painting. Making use of his facility for reproducing the world around him in images, he also proved to be an incipient devotee of journalism as an instrument of communication and social awareness, a satirical draughtsman and caricaturist, seeking to give his version of events, in line with the magazines and newspapers of the period, and displaying a critical ability unusual in a child, a committed gaze, not devoid of humour and sarcasm, which prefigures the later Picasso with his progressive views, acute intelligence, meta-ironic approach and support for great causes.

Surviving Wounded Knee: The Lakotas and the Politics of Memory

This book offers a new perspective on a familiar, tragic event. We “know” about the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890. The event has been seared into our consciousness by nineteenth-century photographs of frozen bodies lying in the snow and by twentieth-century rituals of mourning and regret. We also “know” that the story of the massacre has shifted over time. Initially considered a “victory” over “crazed” ghost dancers—earning twenty soldiers the Medal of Honor—the massacre is now a symbol of cruelty and a rallying point for Native American activists. How did this transformation occur? David W. Grua explains. The protagonists of Grua's tale are the people who were left behind after the Seventh Cavalry returned to its barracks: wounded survivors, orphaned children, and grieving relatives. Beginning from the moment the shooting stopped, and led by two fearless Lakota men—Joseph Horn Cloud (who lost his parents and two siblings on the killing fields) and his brother Dewey Beard, a survivor—hundreds of people at the Pine Ridge Reservation (where the massacre occurred) and Cheyenne River Reservation (the home of most victims) pressed their version of events on government officials and the American public. The survivors swore out affidavits, filed petitions, lobbied the Indian Office, and enlisted the help of sympathetic journalists and scholars. In 1903 the group erected their own monument at Wounded Knee, an obelisk covered with the names of those killed. (After Horn Cloud's father's name was inscribed, “the peacemaker died here innocent.”) The survivors ultimately won a congressional hearing on a proposed compensation bill, but their effort fell short in Congress and the courts. The military's stone wall of opposition and the public's indifference could not be overcome. Nevertheless, the survivors changed the nation's mind.

Between hagiography and historiography: Chabad, scholars of Hasidism, and the case of the portrait of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liady

ABSTRACTThe portrait of Shneur Zalman of Liady is one of the most popular images in modern Jewish iconography. Published at the end of the nineteenth century, the portrait has quickly gained popularity both within and without the Chabad community. However, unlike the religious audience, which reveres the portrait as a faithful representation of the founder of Chabad, the secular, academic audience rejects it as fraudulent, together with all the supporting evidence provided by Chabad. This article revisits the history of the portrait’s creation and publication, paying particular attention to Russian documentation produced by Chabad in the 1930s, which has so far been entirely ignored by the scholarship. It identifies the portrait’s alleged painter and owner as well as other characters mentioned in these documents, with the aim of verifying Chabad’s version of events. Although this article does not answer conclusively whether the portrait is authentic or not, it proffers corroborating evidence for the Chabad point of view, and briefly discusses future research possibilities for the topic. Furthermore, the article considers the ways in which the leadership of Chabad used the history of the portrait to consolidate the movement and discusses the challenges that Chabad partisan historiography poses for the academic study of Hasidism.

Laat U door die schurken niets wijsmaken!

Summary This article describes Cicero’s rhetorical use of character delineation in his Pro Roscio Amerino, and the consistency with which he employs this persuasive technique throughout the speech. It is argued that the resemblance of the structure of the text to the standard rhetorical rules is superficial: Cicero’s strategies in this early speech are already in basic agreement with his mature descriptions in De Oratore. His reliance on non-rational argument cannot, however, be used to suggest that Roscius was guilty, and Cicero’s version of events may well be true, even if this cannot be proven.

A CRITIC‟S AMBIVALENCE AND CREATION OF MYTHS

The article describes creation of myths as course in literature critics (pseudocritics) need special atte ntion. Representative different versions of identity interpretation are observed. The ambivalence is r evealed in example of “A.I.Baigushev phenomenon”. The identified stories are are told by him differently in books, articles, interviews of 1990-2010 years. M uch politics, writers, critics . are valued in polar contrast. Well-known “letter of 11” is characterized in such way. Fact inexactitudes, essential and time changes are marked in connection with works of A.Yakovlev. That time this author did not wrote the works about Russian history his article “Against anti-historism” appeared for three years. His dissertation was defended by theme “ Political science of the U.S.A, and main foreign doctrines of American imperialism”. The contradictory stories about died peoples are defined as myths. Living contemporaries, as M . Lobanov, St. Kunyaev, V. Bushin, V. Bondarenko, N. Kuzin, A. Kazintsev, A. Vasin, S. Kunyaev, Yu. K ozlov, refute these myths. Permanent ideological changes constructs different versions of events. Thus Baigushev characterizes in the article “About Sadducees and Pharisees” characterizes vanguard as alien and destructive phenomenon. But then he suddenly “openes” “inspire gentle vanguard” of 1920-th years and “vanguard of bright Yu. Kuznetsov, Brodsky, Prohanov”, preparing minds of Prohanov and Bondarenko. Thus system of myths, capable to disorient an untrained reader. i ncludes in literature critics.

Senatus consultum de Cn. Pisone patre (CIL II2 5.900) in Tacitov opis procesa proti Gneju Pizonu

V članku obravnavam sklep senata v sodnem procesu proti Gn. Kalpurniju Pizonu St. ‒ osumljencu za Germanikovo smrt (10. okt. 19) in povzročitve državljanske vojne ‒, ki ga poznamo po zaslugi šestih kopij na bronastih ploščah, najdenih v provinci Sevilli na jugu Španije. Dogodke okrog Germanikove smrti in proces proti Pizonu podrobneje opisuje tudi Tacit v 2. in 3. knjigi Analov. Njegova pripoved v marsičem odstopa od »uradne« različice dogodkov na bronastih ploščah, bodisi zaradi časovne odmaknjenosti zgodovinarja ali zaradi načina njegovega pisanja, ki ne sledi vedno kronološki natančnosti.

Evaluation of forensic medical history taking from the child in cases of child physical and sexual abuse and neglect

BackgroundSuspected child physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect are not uncommon presentations. As part of the assessment of these cases, a forensic medical history may be taken. This forensic history is used not only to determine the steps necessary to address the child's wellbeing but also to direct the forensic examination. Currently, there is no clear consensus on whether or not a forensic medical history should consistently be considered an integral element within the paediatric forensic evaluation. This study examines the value derived by the medical practitioner taking a forensic medical history rather than relying on hearsay evidence when a child presents for an assessment. MethodsA retrospective review of paediatric cases seen by the Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical Service (VFPMS) between 2014 and 2015 was undertaken. 274 forensic case reports were reviewed and the data was entered into an Excel spread sheet and analysed using chi squared tests within STATA®. ResultsWith increasing age of the child, a forensic medical history is significantly more likely to be taken. Additional information is made available to the medical practitioner what would otherwise have been provided if the medical practitioner relied only on the interview conducted by the police. Discrepancies observed between the official third parties (police or child protection) report of what a child has said and what the child says to the medical practitioner decrease with age, as do discrepancies observed between the child's version of events and a third party's (eg. parents, caregivers, friends) version of events. ConclusionsThe study showed that by taking a forensic medical history from the child additional information can be obtained. Further, that there is a value in the examining medical practitioner taking a forensic medical history from children in cases of child physical and sexual abuse and neglect.

The Chappaquiddick Incident

On July 19, 1969, Senator Edward Kennedy drove his vehicle off a low bridge on Chappaquiddick Island in Massachusetts. The vehicle sank in 2.1 m of water, coming to rest on its roof. According to Kennedy’s version of events, he managed to escape from the submerged vehicle without injury, but his female companion, Mary Jo Kopechne, drowned without any sign of injury. He did not report the accident to police until 10 hours later. Kennedy’s version of the events was widely disbelieved but was never seriously challenged by the local police or accident investigators or at the subsequent inquest. The accident effectively put an end to Kennedy’s bid for the presidency of the United States. At least a dozen books have been written on the subject, offering alternative explanations but the physics of the accident itself has never been properly investigated. In this paper experiments using a toy vehicle are described where the vehicle was projected into a container of water to investigate how the roof may have been damaged. The trajectory through the water was filmed and is explained in terms of elementary physics. Further investigation could be the subject of student projects and would provide an interesting introduction to forensic physics.

Gendered Violence and Cultural Forgetting

The case of the Magdalene Laundries illustrates how the Irish state has shaped cultural narratives of gender and facilitated a persistent gendered violence toward women formerly incarcerated in the laundries. The vital role of cultural memory in constructing these gendered identities is considered in light of how shared silences and the restriction of archival material have omitted the Magdalene women from Ireland's dominant historical narrative, rendering them “invisible.” This championing of one version of events (in this case, one that silences Magdalene women) has implications for survivors. We argue that survivor oral histories (for example, those gathered as part of the Waterford Memories Project) provide a way to understand the meaning of what happened to the Magdalene women, establish an openly accessible record of these narratives, and validate survivors' experiences.