Version Of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Research Articles

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale among coal miners

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) among coal miners, and explore factors structure and essence. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 731 coal miners by using CD-RISC, Maslach burnout inventory(MBI-GS) and general self-efficacy scale(GSES). Results Twenty-five items of CD-RISC were retained based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, including three factors of stress resistance, sense of competence and optimism.CD-RISC factors were significantly correlated with each other, and the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.623 to 0.777(P 0.8, RMSEA=0.065, proved that the measured data fitted well with the hypothesized three-factor model.Internal consistency reliability coefficient of the total scale, stress resistance, sense of competence and optimism factors were 0.942, 0.920, 0.868 and 0.765, repectively.The CD-RISC scale was positively correlated with GSES and negatively correlated with MBI-GS and its factors named emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusion The CD-RISC of 25 items for coal miners possesses good reliability and validity. Key words: Resilience; Reliability; Validity; Coal miners

Effect of social support and coping style intervention on psychological resilience and life quality in patients with thyroid cancer surgery

Objective To investigate the effect of social support and coping style intervention on psychological resilience and life quality in patients with thyroid cancer surgery. Methods A total of 83 patients with thyroid surgery admitted from July 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled. The prospective study was used and the patients were divided into the treatment group (42 cases) and the control group (41 cases) by random digits table method. The control group received routine nursing intervention for thyroid cancer surgery patients including health education, basic nursing, prevention of complications, follow-up, etc., and the treatment group was combined with social support and coping style intervention. After 3 months of follow-up, the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC), Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core (QLQ-C30), Self-made Survey of Patient Satisfaction was used to evaluate the psychological resilience, life quality, and patients satisfaction of the two groups. Results The toughness, coping pressure, adaptability and belief scores of the treatment group were (26.45±4.65), (22.25±4.21), (16.42±3.25), (7.65±1.21) points, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (22.36±4.35), (17.25±3.42), (14.36±2.43), (6.35±0.80) points, and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.264-5.930, P <0.05); the cognitive function, emotional function, social function and physical function scores of the treatment group were (80.12±9.36), (76.25±9.12), (76.36±9.21), and (75.12±8.32) points, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (68.45±8.32), (70.25±8.45), (68.62±8.21), (66.32 ± 7.65) points, and the differences were statistically significant (t = 3.107-5.998, P <0.05); the patient satisfaction rate of the treatment group was 95.24%(33/41), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (80.49%, 40/42), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=4.260, P <0.05). Conclusions Social support and joint coping style intervention can help the patients with thyroid cancer surgery to improve the level of psychological resilience, improve their life quality, and maintain a good relationship between nurses and patients. Key words: Thyroid neoplasms; Quality of life; Social support; Coping style; Psychological elasticity

Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: validation study in a Portuguese sample

ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to evaluate the structural validity and convergent validity of the first Portuguese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).SettingsThe data sets come from two studies conducted in Portugal, respectively, from the Resilience Effect in Coping with Trauma (RECT) project and from the Health Impact Assessment of Employment Strategies (HIAES) project.ParticipantsThe sample is composed of 476 participants from the RECT project and 405 participants from the HIAES project. In both projects, convenience samples were used.MeasuresThe original CD-RISC items were translated to Portuguese and were used in a survey along with additional psychosocial and biomedical measures.ResultsIndependent exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) with each of the two samples revealed that the best solution in both samples had three factors consistent with the self-efficacy, spirituality and social support factors from the original scale. A Confirmatory factor analysis using the two samples together and specifying the three factors from the EFA revealed a good overall fit and, comparatively, better fit than a model specified with the five factors from the original scale. The study of the convergent validity revealed that bivariate correlations between the three factors and validated measures of stress, life satisfaction, mental health and physical health are globally consistent with previous research.ConclusionsThis study makes available to the broad Community of Portuguese Language Countries a validated measure of resilience extensively used for research and intervention. The results encourage future studies using this translated version of CD-RISC to explore further the three-factor structure found here and to test the convergent validity with new samples.

Analysis of ICU nurses' compassion fatigue and its influencing factors

Objective To investigate the status of compassion fatigue, work stress and resilience of ICU nurses, and analyze the influencing factors of compassion fatigue. Methods By convenience sampling method, 117 ICU nurses from two Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in He'nan Province were selected in February, 2018. The nurses were investigated with general information questionnaire, Chinese version of Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, Chinese version of Work Stressors Scale for Nurses and Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) . The influencing factors of compassion fatigue among ICU nurses were analyzed by single factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results A total of 109 valid questionnaires were collected. The scores of compassion fatigue, work stress and resilience of ICU nurses were (48.62±12.24) , (90.12±15.64) , (42.77±13.54) respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that compassion fatigue was positively correlated with work stress and negatively correlated with resilience (P<0.05) . Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that resilience of ICU nurses was the influencing factor of compassion fatigue (P<0.01) . Conclusions The level of compassion fatigue of ICU nurses is affected by their job stress and psychological resilience. We should pay more attention on the compassion fatigue of nurses with high job stress and low level of psychological resilience. Key words: Intensive care unit; Nurses; Compassion fatigue; Work stress; Resilience, psychological

Resilience and its correlates among first ischemic stroke survivors at acute stage of hospitalization from a tertiary hospital in China：a cross-sectional study

Objectives: To measure the resilience of elderly patients with first ischemic stroke in mainland China and to identify variables that may be correlated with resilience at the acute stage of hospitalization.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in departments of neurology of two tertiary hospitals, where a convenience sample of one hundred and forty-seven elderly patients with first ischemic stroke voluntarily participated in our study. Resilience was assessed using the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale with three dimensions (tenacity, strength, and optimism). The General Self-Efficacy Scale and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire were applied to evaluate the respondents’ general self-efficacy and coping style. Functional independency was also measured using the Functional Independency Measure.Results: The mean score of the 147 respondents’ resilience was 62.51 ± 14.69. Together, general self-efficacy, resignation, confrontation, per capital monthly income, and being main source of family income explained 68.1% of the variance in resilience. General self-efficacy, resignation, and confrontation were the strongest explanatory factors. Specifically, 63.4% of the variance in tenacity was explained for general self-efficacy, resignation, being main source of family income, surgical history, and per capital monthly income. 63.2% of the variance in strength was ascribed to general self-efficacy, resignation, per capital monthly income and avoidance. 32.5% of the variance in optimism was attributed to general self-efficacy, religion, and resignation.Conclusion: General self-efficacy and coping style may be implied orientation in enhancing resilience of elderly patients with first ischemic stroke at acute hospitalization. Moreover, economic status may predict level of resilience.HighlightsResilience was measured in 147 older first-episode ischemic stroke survivors at acute hospitalization.General-efficacy was the strongest predictor of resilience.Resilience was significantly influenced by resignation.Coping strategy should be emphasized early after stroke.

Status of psychological resilience and its influencing factors in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

Objective To investigate the psychological resilience in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 120 cases of breast cancer patients undertaking radiation therapy in the radiation department of a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital from January to December 2017 were collected by convenience sampling method. General information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were applied to investigate patients. Single factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological resilience in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Results A total of 112 valid questionaires were collectod. The total score of psychological resilience of breast cancer patients was (50.31±12.53) , and the scores of self-strengthening, tenacity and optimism were (17.23±3.53) , (24.63±6.84) and (8.93±2.32) respectively. Age, education level, presence of complications, and perceived social support are the main factors affecting patients' psychological resilience. Conclusions Psychological resilience of breast cancer patients was at the moderate level. Medical staff should give more targeted interventions according to the specific conditions of patients, provide more social support for patients, and improve the psychological resilience of patients. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Social support; Radiotherapy; Psychological resilience

Correlation between resilience and psychological status of main caregivers among disabled elderly

Objective To explore the correlation between resilience and psychological status of main caregivers among disabled elderly of Guangzhou region. Methods From June 2015 to December 2015, a total of 300 main caregivers of disabled elders were investigated with the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) , Activities Daily Living Scale (ADLS) , Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) by convenience sampling. Results The total score of resilience, standard score of anxiety and depression were (58.2±15.8) , (49.05±10.5) and (51.73±11.52) respectively among main caregivers of disabled elders. The competence dimension of CD-RISC had negative correlations with anxiety (r=-0.260, P<0.01) and depression (r=-0.316, P<0.01) in main caregivers of disabled elders, and the toughness dimension was negatively correlated with the depressive symptoms (r=-0.147, P<0.05) . Conclusions Main caregivers of disabled elderly of Guangzhou region are with poor resilience along with the high ratio of detection in anxiety and depression suggesting that the mental status is not optimistic. Key words: Aged; Anxiety; Depression; Disability; Resilience, psychological

Psychometric validation of the French version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale

ObjectivesResilience defines the ability to face adversity with positive outcomes. Different scales, including the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC), have been elaborated in order to evaluate resilience among various populations. The evaluation of resilience in French populations was impossible until CDRISC was translated into French. In the present work, we aim to validate a French version of CDRISC (f-CDRISC). MethodsThe survey was conducted at Nantes University. Both dental and medical students were eligible. The factor structure of f-CDRISC was determined and its replicability was tested on two sub-samples by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and parallel analysis (PA). A third student sample was used for confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA). ResultsWe collected 1210 responses. Four items did not reach acceptance thresholds for reliability and were discarded from the f-CDRISC. EFA and PA of the remaining 21 items highlighted a replicable 3-factor structure that was further confirmed by CFA. Resilience factors included “tolerance to negative affects”, “tenacity” and “self-confidence”. All factors displayed acceptable to good internal consistency. They were characterized by positive medium to strong correlations with the overall f-CDRISC Scale. Significant positive correlations were also observed between the resilience factors. ConclusionThe present work constitutes the first study devoted to a French adaptation of the CDRISC questionnaire. We present evidence showing that the f-CDRISC is a reliable tool for resilience evaluation in French speaking populations.

Resilience and Cognitive Bias in Chinese Male Medical Freshmen.

Psychological resilience has become a hot issue in positive psychology research. However, little is known about cognitive bias difference of individuals with different resilience levels. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of cognitive bias and its role in Chinese medical freshmen with different resilience levels. 312 Chinese medical freshmen were surveyed by the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 92 of whom were, respectively, allocated into high (n = 46) and low (n = 46) resilient group to complete computerized tests using an attentional shifting task and an emotional picture recognition task. All participants had the highest recognition accuracy toward negative pictures compared to neutral and positive ones. By comparison, it was found that the high-resilient group had a longer recognition response time toward positive emotional pictures, but a shorter response time toward negative emotional pictures, while the low-resilient group had a longer response time toward negative emotional pictures. This study pointed to the association between resilience and cognitive bias. Medical freshmen with different resilience levels showed significant differences in the cognitive bias toward emotional pictures, suggesting that reducing negative cognitive bias and promoting positive cognitive bias could be important targets to increase resilience.

Factor structure and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale in a new employee population of China

BackgroundIn order to find a suitable instrument to evaluate psychological resilience in Chinese new employee population, we intended to propose a possible factorial structure of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Furthermore, we administered to explore its reliability and validity in the present population.MethodsParticipants were derived from the male new employees who had started working in the last 2–3 months from 12 machinery factories across 8 different provinces of China. Chinese version of CD-RISC was used to assess the resilience of the study participants. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to assess the possible factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine which factor structure was the most suitable among the present study sample.ResultsThe present 4-factor model (tolerance for stress, tenacity, and goal orientation; adaptability and acceptance of change; optimism and sense of security; and trust in one’s instinct) of CD-RISC showed good internal consistency, concurrent validity and consistent structure validity, and had presented better data fit than the original 5-factor and the Chinese 3-factor patterns. Each of the present 4-factor structure and the total score of CD-RISC were negatively and significantly associated with Global Severity Index T score and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ score.ConclusionsThe measure of resilience is useful in screening high-risk employees who are vulnerable to stress. Optimal and tailored interventions can be further applied to avoid potential adverse events in this population. Longitudinal research should be required to determine whether aging and long-term health events can change the nature of resilience.

Reliability and validity of the Khmer version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Kh-CD-RISC10) in Cambodian adolescents.

BackgroundResilience has been characterized as a defensive factor against the refinement of mental health problems. This study adapted the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (Kh-CD-RISC10) for use in Khmer adolescents and subsequently investigates its psychometric properties.MethodsUsing stratified random sampling, this cross-sectional study sampled Cambodian adolescents from high schools selected randomly within three provinces (Phnom Penh, Battambang and Mondulkiri)—location (rural, urban) combinations. Parallel analysis was used to identify the number of component(s), and the structure of the single factor was subsequently explored using principal axis factoring. A confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to establish the fit of the Kh-CD-RISC10 to another sample. To assess convergent validity, the factor scores of the Khmer version of Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale were categorized into three levels, and then the general negative affectivity (GNA) and physiological hyperarousal (PH) scales (derived from the DASS 21) were compared among the three resilience groups.ResultsOf the 798 participants who responded (responded rate = 82.26 %), 440 (41.23 %) were female and the age ranged from 14 to 24 years old (mean = 17.36, SD = 1.325). The internal consistency of the Khmer 10-item CD-RISC was also shown to be high in Cambodian adolescents (Cronbach’s alpha = 0. 82). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the single factor model fit data adequately (χ2 = 100.103, df = 35, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.9484, RMSEA = 0.0384). We found that there were significant differences in both General Negative affectivity and Physiological Hyperarousal among the three resilience groups (FGNA = 12. 84, df = 2, p < 0.001; FPH = 13. 01, df = 2, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results from the present study indicate that the Khmer version of CD-RISC shows good psychometric properties in Cambodian adolescents. Our result confirms that a single dimension underlay the 10 items on the CD-RISC scale of this population, and can be used to assess the resilience comparing to the level of PTSD symptoms in general Khmer adolescent.

Factors Influencing Quality of Life among Cancer Patients in South Korea

Background/Objectives: Cancer is No. 1 cause of death among Koreans. The aim of this study is to analyze factors influencing quality of life among cancer patients. Method/Statistical Analysis: The descriptive survey study objects are 96 cancer patients. The questionnaire used for the survey included health promotion behavior measurement tool, Korean version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), helplessness scale, and Korean version of EORTC QLQ-C30. Quality of life was divided into three sub-areas: general health condition/quality of life, functional quality of life, and symptom-related quality of life. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were performed on the data. Findings: The average score in health promotion behavior of respondents was 2.35 of maximum 4. The score in resilience was 90.07 of 125. The score in helplessness was 2.01 of 4. There were some differences in quality of life affected by demographic characteristics of respondents. Functional quality of life was significantly different depending on age and education. General health/quality of life has positive correlations with health promotion behavior, and resilience, but negative correlation with helplessness. Functional quality of life has positive correlations with health promotion behavior, and resilience, and negative correlation with helplessness. Symptom-related quality of life has negative correlations with health promotion behavior and resilience, and positive correlation with helplessness. That is, the higher health promotion behavior and resilience go up, and the more helplessness goes down, level of quality of life goes up. Health promotion behavior and helplessness explained 27.8% of functional quality of life, and 22.5% of symptom-related quality of life. Thus, the two variables affect quality of life for cancer patients. Applications/Improvements: It is necessary to identify factors influencing quality of life among cancer patients to increase the effects of intervention to reduce helplessness and explaining power to improve health promotion behavior.

Comparison among Different Versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in Rehabilitation Patients after Unintentional Injur

Objective: The current study was to compare the psychometric properties of the 25-item version (CD-RISC25), 10-item Connor-Davidson version (CD-RISC10) and 2-item Connor-Davidson version (CD-RISC2) in rehabilitation patients after injury. Method: A sample of 115 Chinese patients was measured by CD-RISC25, CD-RISC10 and CD-RISC2, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) during the rehabilitation period. Result: (1) Cronbach's alpha values indicated sufficient and high reliability to provide confidence in interpreting the score for the three versions; (2) The resilience measured by CD-RISC25 and CD-RISC10 both correlated negatively and significantly with PTSD and mental health problems, while this was not observed when resilience was measured by CD-RISC2; (3) Through ROC curves analyses, the CD-RISC25 and CD-RISC10 had similar discrimination for positive/negative group of SCL-90 and PTSD/non-PTSD. Conclusion: The results supported the application of CD-RISC10 in clinical researches due to its excellent psychometric properties and time efficiency.

Comparison among Different Versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in Rehabilitation Patients after Unintentional Injur

Comparison among Different Versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in Rehabilitation Patients after Unintentional Injur

Factors Influencing Resilience of Patients with Hematologic Malignancy

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of resilience, family support, anxiety and depression in patients with hematologic malignancy, and to determine modifiable psychosocial factors that affect their resilience. Methods: Data were collected from 104 patients undergoing curative therapy at `S` hospital in Seoul. The data were collected from April to May, 2012. The questionnaires included Korean Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Family Support Scale and Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Resilience had statistically significant correlation with family support (r

Psychometric Properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale With Older American Indians: The Native Elder Care Study.

Resilience is a term that refers to a person's ability to successfully adapt to adversity. Resilience research has been relatively limited with older adults, particularly with older American Indians. Also, none of the resilience measures have been validated in older American Indians. This study's objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the full 25-item and abbreviated 10-item versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with a sample of older American Indians. Both CD-RISC versions performed similarly in the study sample compared with what has been reported in other populations. The full version demonstrated adequate internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity, but a meaningful factor structure was not confirmed. The abbreviated version showed good internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity and appeared to have a stable one-factor solution. These findings lend greater support to the use of the abbreviated version than the full version of the CD-RISC with older American Indians.

Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample

Resilience is frequently viewed as an indicator of good adjustment following adversity such as traumatic events. Connor and Davidson (2003) developed a brief self-report scale to quantify resilience over 1000 participants. We collected the data from individuals who are exposed to devastating earthquakes that occurred in 1999 in Turkey. A total of 246 earthquake survivors from the disaster area, with the mean age 35.80 (S.D. = 8.6), completed the Turkish version of CD-RISC. The purpose of the study is to validate factor structure of the scale through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using a Turkish sample. In this investigation 52% of the total variance was accounted for by three factors and the obtained factor structure was verified through confirmatory factor analyses. The results indicated that there was no statistical gender difference with regard to the Turkish version of CD-RISC scores. The Turkish version of the scale obtained a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.92. The results showed that the Turkish version of the CD-RISC is a valid and reliable measure of resilience.