Version Of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Research Articles

Effects of Empathy on Loneliness Among Rural Left-Behind Children in China: The Chain-Mediated Roles of Social Anxiety and Psychological Resilience.

Loneliness is a prevalent issue among rural left-behind children in China, adversely affecting their physical and mental well-being, as well as social stability. However, the influencing factors and potential mechanisms of loneliness have not yet been fully clarified. This study aims to validate the mediating roles of social anxiety and psychological resilience by examining the association between affective/cognitive empathy and loneliness among Chinese rural left-behind children. This cross-sectional survey employed a convenience sampling approach among Chinese left-behind children. A total of 540 participants aged 6 to 11 years old (Average age = 8.54, SD = 1.682) from 3 primary schools in Hunan Province completed the Children's Loneliness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale for Children, The Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Basic Empathy Scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, Origin 2020, and Mplus 8.3. Pearson correlation analyses suggested strong significant correlations among affective/cognitive empathy, loneliness, social anxiety, and psychological resilience. Path analyses indicated that the chain mediation effect size of social anxiety and psychological resilience was 0.016 between affective empathy and loneliness, while the chain mediation effect size between cognitive empathy and loneliness was -0.011. Affective empathy positively correlates with loneliness among Chinese left-behind children through social anxiety and resilience, while cognitive empathy negatively correlates with loneliness. These findings suggest that left-behind children should enhance their cognitive empathy and psychological resilience to reduce their social anxiety, thereby mitigating their loneliness.

Illness uncertainty, resilience, and perceived social support among patients with moyamoya disease: a cross-sectional study.

The present study aims to investigate the levels of illness uncertainty in patients with moyamoya disease and to determine the association of socio-demographic characteristics, perceived social support and resilience with illness uncertainty in patients with moyamoya disease. A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted in two hospitals in China from August to December 2023.A socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Chinese versions of Mishel's Unsurety in Disease Scale (MUIS), the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Chinese version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to perform this research. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 statistical software. The t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to identify associated factors. A total of 263 patients with moyamoya disease were recruited in this survey. The score of illness uncertainty was at a moderate level of (100.03 ± 18.59). The present study identified a negative correlation between illness uncertainty with resilience perceived social support. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that gender, occupation, education level, resilience and perceived social support were the related factors of illness uncertainty. Patients with moyamoya disease experienced moderate disease uncertainty on average, which was related to gender, occupation, education level, resilience and perceived social support. Future research is needed to better explore the complex relationships between illness uncertainty, resilience, and perceived social support with different types of moyamoya disease using longitudinal research.

Psychometric Evaluation and Factor Analysis of the Chinese Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) —Taking Chinese College Students as Examples

Psychometric Evaluation and Factor Analysis of the Chinese Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) —Taking Chinese College Students as Examples

Social support and anxiety correlation with resilience in patients with multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Social support and anxiety are essential for patients with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the psychological well-being of subjects with MS was an important issue, and we designed this study to assess anxiety, resilience, and social support in these patients during COVID-19 pandemic stage. Methods: We used convenience sampling for this study. Inclusion criteria were definite diagnosis of MS based on McDonald criteria and age more than 18 years. Two hundred patients with MS were enrolled. Subjects were asked to fill out valid and reliable Persian versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Perceived Social Support Scale. We also collected demographic data (age, sex, marital status, and occupation), disease duration, and disability level [Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)]. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (except for EDSS, as its distribution was not normal), and categorical variables were presented as frequencies. Correlation coefficients were calculated. We did a subgroup analysis and compared patients with BAI less than 30 and more than 30 (severe anxiety). A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age and mean duration of the disease were 36.5 ± 9.3 and 6.2 ± 5.4 years, respectively. Mean BAI, social support, and resilience scores were 33.8 ± 11.4, 65.7 ± 16.7, and 62.5 ± 19.4, respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between resilience and social support scales (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), and also a significant negative correlation between resilience and BAI (r = -0.31, P < 0.001). Patients with severe anxiety (BAI > 30) had lower social support scores and resilience (social support: 70.3 ± 13.1 vs. 61.5 ± 18.6, P < 0.001; resilience: 57.3 ± 17.0 vs. 68.2 ± 19.6, P < 0.001) compared to patients with BAI ≤ 30. By considering resilience score as the dependent variable and other variables as independent variables, we found that BAI and social support scores were independent predictors. Conclusion: Social support and anxiety are independent predictors of resilience during COVID-19 pandemic in patients with MS.

Factors influencing resilience among breast cancer survivors: Implications for evidence-based practice.

Breast cancer survivors are increasing in South Korea, and resilience has become very important in their life. This study aimed to examine the relationships among anxiety, depression, family support, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, self-efficacy, and resilience, and the factors influencing the resilience of breast cancer survivors. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. Participants were 153 breast cancer survivors after completion of treatment who were 5 years or less after diagnosis in South Korea. Measures were the general characteristics list, Korean version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Korean version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, family support scale, Korean version of Ways of Coping Checklist, and Self-Efficacy Scale. The strongest predictor that influenced resilience was depression (β = -0.32), followed by family support (β = 0.23) and problem-focused coping (β = 0.15). Resilience levels in breast cancer survivors after completion of treatment were relatively low. Interventions using problem-focused coping, including family members, could increase resilience, thus, moving away from focusing solely on the perspectives of cancer survivors when developing and implementing support interventions. Nurses should pay attention to influencing factors to help improve the resilience of breast cancer survivors during the extended survivorship phase.

CONNOR-DAVIDSON RESILIENCE SCALE (CD-RISC-25) ADAPTATION IN LATVIAN SAMPLE

The aim of the research was to adapt the full version of Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC-25) in Latvia to gain qualitative and valid psychological measure of assessing resilience. Studying the scientific literature has shown multidimensional nature of resilience construct as well as broaden the knowledge about resilience as complicated psychological construct which can be affected by different factors rising from one’s individual experience and the environment where he comes from. Sample (N=186) in age range 18 to 69 years old (M=37.65; SD=12.07), 75.8% females. Participants filled demographic data questionnaires and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor Davidson, 2003). Scale of 25 items, each rated in 5-point Likert’s scale (0-4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. Cronbach’s Alpha for all items varies from .88 to .90 and for scale total α= .89, which proves good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability demonstrated a high level of agreement, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .93. The Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale in Latvian sample showed high internal consistency α = .89 and good psychometric properties, same as noted in other studies (Connor Davidson, 2003). This proves CD-RISC-25 as qualitative and a valid measure for further studies of resilience in Latvian population.

Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian population

BackgroundThe resilience construct is considered a personal trait composed of multiple aspects. Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale is a standard tool composed of five factors and 25 items. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of this scale.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, after the scale translation, the factorial structural validity was assessed via the confirmatory factor analysis with 70 180 samples. Internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity were assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, maximum reliability, and Average Variance Extracted. The discriminant validity was assessed using Heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations matrix and also, measure invariance was evaluated.ResultsThe original five-factor model had good model fit indices but due to low factor loading of item 2 and 20, the model was modified. The Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability for four factors were above 0.7 (except for factor 5). The convergent validity for all five factors were achieved. Between factors 1 with 2 and 4, 2 with 3 and 4 discriminant validity was not established (correlations > 0.9) and the results suggested that there might be a second-order latent construct behind these factors. Therefore, a second-order assessment was performed. The results of the second-order latent construct assessment showed a good goodness-of fit and strong measurement invariance for both men and women.ConclusionThe 23-item version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a reliable and valid scale to measure resilience as a complex construct in the Iran context.

Family function and adolescent altruistic behavior: the multiple mediating effects of self-affirmation and psychological resilience.

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between family function and adolescent altruistic behavior, as well as the mediating effects of self-affirmation and psychological resilience in this relationship. A survey was conducted on 972 high school students in Guangdong Province using the Family APGAR, GHQSense of Adequacy, Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Altruistic Behavior Scale. Results found that the score of psychological resilience of males was significantly higher than that of females, but the score of altruistic behavior was significantly lower than that of females. Family function had a positive predictive effect on altruistic behavior. Psychological resilience played a mediating role between family function and altruistic behavior. Self-affirmation and psychological resilience played chain mediating roles between family function and altruistic behavior. This study indicated that family care is crucial for the development of adolescent altruistic behavior, and that it can promote the development of altruistic behavior through the enhancement of self-affirmation and psychological resilience.

Resilience of infertile families undergoing in vitro fertilization: An application of the double ABC-X model

BackgroundFamily resilience plays a crucial role in protecting the mental health and family stability of infertile patients. However, information associated with infertile families resilience is scarce. The double ABC-X model provides a roadmap for this, helps organize knowledge, and lays the foundation for knowledge development. AimsTo describe the current situation of family resilience of infertile women, and to test the predictive theoretical model of family resilience based on infertility stigma, individual resilience, coping style, and posttraumatic growth. DesignA cross-sectional study. MethodsA convenience sample of 372 infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization were recruited between April and August 2020. The Chinese-Family Resilience Assessment Scale, Infertility Stigma Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Chinese version of Post Traumatic Growth Inventory were used to measure family resilience, infertility stigma, individual resilience, coping style, and posttraumatic growth. Structural equation models were used to analyze the relationship among these variables. ResultsThe results showed that family resilience was related to infertility stigma, positive coping, and individual resilience. Moreover, the path analysis indicated that positive coping and individual resilience mediated the effects of infertility stigma on family resilience. ConclusionsA high level of stigma among infertile women should be identified. Interventions for targeting positive coping and individual resilience might ultimately increase their family resilience.

Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in a sample of Lebanese women.

PurposeResilience is defined as the ability to face adversities with positive outcomes. Various scales have been utilized, including 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), to evaluate resilience among populations. Resilience research is scarce, particularly in Lebanon as no such scales have been validated. Thus, in the present work, we aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of CD-RISC.Patients and methodsThe study was conducted at the Women’s Health Center at the American University of Beirut Medical Center among Lebanese women presenting to the obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Internal validity of the Arabic CD-RISC was examined. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the scores of the Arabic version of CD-RISC and the other related constructs (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, Life Orientation Test, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) were assessed to evaluate its divergent and convergent validity. We collected responses from a total of 63 Lebanese women.ResultsThe studied scale displayed a high internal consistency. Adequate correlation coefficients were manifested by the significant positive moderate to strong and negative moderate correlations between the Arabic CD-RISC and the other related constructs.ConclusionThis is the first study to validate the Arabic version of the CD-RISC in a sample of Lebanese women. The findings of this study provide evidence that the Arabic version of CD-RISC is a reliable and valid tool for the evaluation of resilience among Lebanese women.

Relationship between spiritual health, resilience, and happiness among a group of dental students: a cross-sectional study with structural equation modeling method

BackgroundGiven the importance of spiritual health, resilience and happiness to encounter challenges facing dental students, we aimed to examine these variables, their relationship and the mediating role of resilience between spiritual health and happiness among a group of Iranian dental students in Islamic Azad University of Isfahan.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, utilizing a stratified sampling method, 150 volunteer dental students in different academic years filled in the Persian version of Spiritual Well-Being scale, the Persian version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Isfahan-Fordyce Happiness Inventory. Independent t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficient served for statistical analysis. In addition, we conducted a Structural Equation Modeling analysis.ResultsThe mean age of the students was 23.43 ± 3.11, and 56% were women. The mean score of spiritual health, resilience, and happiness was 89.27 ± 16.69, 90.19 ± 15.03, and 295.17 ± 65.82, respectively. Spiritual health of a great majority of dental students was upper medium or high (87.3%), most of them had high level of resilience (69.3%), and 55.3% reported medium level of happiness. Spiritual health was directly associated with both happiness and resilience (p < 0.001). Resilience acted as an intermediary variable between spiritual health and happiness (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSpiritual health was associated with increased happiness, and this relationship was mediated by resilience. Thus, it is recommended to address the issue of spiritual health to those students with lower scores in order to increase their resilience and their level of happiness.

Mediating Effects of Resilience between Uncertainty and Quality of Life on Patients with chronic kidney disease before dialysis

Purpose : This study explored the mediating effect of resilience on the relationships between uncertainty, resilience, and quality of life in patients chronic kidney disease before hemodialysis. Methods : This study used a descriptive correlational design. Participants were 130 patients who had chronic kidney disease before hemodialysis. Data were collected from March 2, 2020 to July 31, 2020. Measurements included the Patient Assessment of Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Korean version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), and the Korean version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and a three-step regression analysis using Baron and Kenny’s method for mediation. Results : Mean scores were 3.07±0.44 and 2.33±0.73 for uncertainty and resilience, respectively. The mean score for quality of life was 3.04±0.57. Resilience had a mediating effect (z＝-2.23, p＜.001) between uncertainty and, as well as 34.0% explanatory power. Conclusion : To improve quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients before hemodialysis, developing programs suitable for patients with high uncertainty or programs that increase the patient resilience should be considered.

Resilience and Mental Health Among Male Older Adults in Extreme Poverty in Long-term Care Facilities in Rural China

BackgroundThe number of older adults in the United States is growing rapidly. The percentage of individuals from ethnic minority groups that make up this population is also rapidly increasing, with Latinx older adults comprising the fastest growing subgroup. However, Latinx older adults historically underutilize mental health services, in large part due to the lack of culturally sensitive and informed care provided by mental health professionals (de Guzman et al., 2015). However, to date, comprehensive, evidence-based best practices for mental healthcare for Latinx older adults do not exist. Method: A literature review was conducted of research on the developmental, social, cognitive, biological, and affective bases of behavior among Latinx older adults.ResultsTaking an integrated, evidence-based psychological approach with cultural considerations, we found that the literature could broadly be organized into six best practice guidelines. We propose assessing for and incorporating the following topics into mental health treatment of Latinx older adults: immigration status, acculturation, attitudes towards mental health, physical and cognitive health disparities, discrimination, and unique preferences for care structure in later life.DiscussionThese guidelines are intended to represent basic principles to incorporate into practice and do not represent an exhaustive list of factors to consider for a heterogenous group of older adults. Instead, the six, empirically-based guidelines proposed in this study can serve as a starting point for increasing mental health providers’ awareness of the unique experiences of Latinx older adults, with the aim of improving the experience of this historically underserved population in mental healthcare treatment.

Prevalence and Related Factors of Insomnia Among Chinese Medical Staff in the Middle and Late Stage of COVID-19.

Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has brought serious psychological pressure to people, especially medical health staff. At present, there are few studies on insomnia and related factors of medical health staff in the middle and late stage of the epidemic of COVID-19. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its related risk factors among medical workers in China in the middle and later stage of COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the relationship between insomnia and psychological resilience.Methods: From February 14 to March 29, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 606 medical staff in China through Ranxing Technology's “SurveyStar” network platform. All subjects were assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and simplified Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC-10).Results: In the middle and later stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the incidence of insomnia among medical staff was 32.0%. Compared with non-insomnia group, the insomnia group had younger age, lower education level, longer daily working hours and less psychological resilience. In addition, the prevalence of insomnia was higher in medical staff with a history of somatic diseases. The severity of insomnia of Chinese medical staff was associated with age, education level, daily working hours, psychological resilience and somatic diseases.Conclusions: Our study shows that nearly 1/3 of Chinese medical workers suffer from insomnia nearly a month after the COVID-19 outbreak. Compared with the general population, medical staff who are working with COVID are more prone to insomnia. Risk factors for insomnia include younger age, lower education level, longer working hours per day, and physical illness. The tenacious dimension of psychological resilience is a protective factor for insomnia.

Function of family of origin and current quality of life: exploring the mediator role of resilience in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

Early physical and mental experiences from family of origin and parents might influence individuals’ later adulthood quality of life (QOL). The present study was undertaken to examine the inter-relationships among function of family of origin, resilience, and current quality of life in a T2DM sample from China. Three hundred T2DM participants were included in this investigation. A Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25, an APGAR family functioning scale, and a Diabetes Specificity Quality of Life Scale were used to assess the levels of mental resilience, function of family of origin, and QOL of these patients, respectively. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of QOL. A 3-step composite analysis was used to examine the predicted mediating effect. QOL total score was negatively related to resilience (r = − .299, p < 0.01) and family function (r = − .246, p < 0.01). In contrast, a significantly positive correlation between resilience and family function (r = .302, p < 0.01) was found. Two subscales of resilience (strength and optimism) and function of family of origin explained an additional 4.5% of the variance in QOL changes after controlling for demographic variables. Resilience had a 26.3% mediating effect between function of family of origin and current QOL. In conclusion, the present work suggested a synthetic and stable association between function of family of origin and QOL level in the later life in a sample of Chinese T2DM population, with resilience acting as a mediating factor. Adult individuals who have grown up in an unfavorable family setting may be low in mental resilience, and would have worse QOL in their mid- and later life, especially when they are confronted with certain adversity or stress, such as having diabetes.

Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a non-clinical population in Sweden

BackgroundThe Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most widely used scale which assesses psychological resilience. Although it is recommended to be applied as a unidimensional scale, its factor structure, reliability, as well as discriminant and predictive validity need to be assessed when used in a new context. Moreover, the original five-factor structure has not been replicated in previous investigations. This study aimed to explore psychometric properties of the scale in a Swedish context.MethodsConstruct validity of the five-factor model of CD-RISC was assessed using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Its discriminant validity was assessed in relation to a measure of emotion regulation (Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Predictive validity of CD-RISC was assessed in relation to measures of physical and mental health-related quality of life (The 12-Item Short Form Survey) using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. A population based sample cohort was employed (N = 2599).ResultsExploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses suggested a 22-item unidimensional model of CD-RISC. Psychological resilience was found to be independent from the measure of emotion regulation. It was shown to predict both physical and mental health-related quality of life, being especially strongly associated with mental health aspects.ConclusionsThe study showed that the Swedish version of CD-RISC is an instrument with high discriminant and predictive validity, although the original factor structure does not apply in this context. CD-RISC can thus be used to identify individuals with a higher need of psychosocial support, especially relating to mental health needs.

Resilience is associated with post-stoke depression in Chinese stroke survivors: A longitudinal study

BackgroundOptimal strategies for prevention and treatment for post-stroke depression (PSD) remain unclear and a greater understanding of effect of resilience on PSD is promising. The aim was to examine the association between baseline resilience and depression at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge, which contributes to early detection and management of PSD. MethodsA total of 217 ischemic stroke survivors were recruited in two tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China from February 2017 to January 2018. The Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to assess resilience at acute hospitalization. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to ascertain baseline anxiety, baseline depression, and post-discharge depression. Social-demographic and disease-related information were obtained from participants’ self-report and medical records. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were independently associated with PSD. ResultsThe prevalence of depression at baseline was 21.2% and at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge was 34.4%, 33.2%, and 29.2%, respectively. Logistics regression analyses indicated that resilience may independently predict PSD at 1 month (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.097, 0.518), 3 months (OR:0.302, 95%CI: 0.151, 0.607), and 6 months (OR: 0.03, 95%CI: 0.006, 0.153) after controlling for social-demographics, disease-related characteristics, baseline anxiety, and baseline depression. LimitationsNon-multicenter survey and mild stroke severity may affect the generalization of these findings. Moreover, response bias should be acknowledged because some participants were read questionnaires out aloud. ConclusionResilience is independently associated with PSD at different timepoints. Our findings reveal the important role of resilience as a protective factor against PSD.

A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019.

The spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global major public health event, threatening people's physical and mental health and even life safety. This study is to investigate the psychological abnormality in health care workers battling the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the associations among social support, resilience and mental health. A total of 1521 health care workers, of whom 147 had public health emergency experience while 1374 showed no experience, completed the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). χ2 test, t test and multiple regression analyses were used in statistical analysis. The results showed that people without public health emergency treatment experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to suffer from psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. This finding suggested that high levels of training and professional experience, resilience and social support were necessary to health care workers who are first taking part in public health emergence.

The relationship between social support and depressive symptoms among the college students of Liaoning, China: a moderated mediated analysis

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate a moderated mediation model in the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to November 2017 in Liaoning Province, China. 1400 college students from Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning University of Technology and Bohai University were investigated by stratified random cluster sampling method. The questionnaire included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Internet Addiction Impairment Index (IAII), the Chinese version of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the simplified version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC10) . SPSS21.0 and AMOS21.0 were used to analyze the data. In total, 1362 anonymous questionnaires were considered valid (97.3% effective response rate). Pearson correlation analysis results showed: CES-D was significantly (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with IAII(r = 0.640); CES-D was negatively correlated with SRSS (r = -0.364) and CD-RISC (r = -0.393); The mediating effect results showed that internet addiction partially mediated the association between social support and depressive symptoms (64.9% proportion mediated). In addition, the mediating effect of internet addiction was established under the high psychological resilience level [95% CI (LLCI: -0.451, ULCI: -0.154)], but was not established under the low psychological resilience level [95% CI(LLCI: -0.271, ULCI: 0.065)]. Therefore,there was a moderated mediation effect.

Identifying psychological resilience in Chinese migrant youth through multidisciplinary language pattern decoding

China's four decades of rural-to-urban labor migration has created 36 million migrant youth, who encounter more adversity than their urban peers due to educational and socioeconomic exclusion. This study focuses on the psychological resilience of these migrant youth since it indicates the ability or success to cope with adversity. We examine psychological resilience indicators based on migrant youth language patterns extracted in a multidisciplinary way. Our research questions are: whether Chinese migrant youths' language patterns indicate their resilience-related characteristics, and how effectively can three language analysis approaches (user-defined dictionary, feature extraction, and word co-occurrence) identify these indicators, which may be further applied as machine learning features for psychological resilience level estimation. Students in a middle school for migrant youth in Shenzhen, China were recruited as initial participants, and their resilience levels were rated by the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. These youth then wrote one week of diary entries. The high- (n = 37) and low-resilience (n = 45) participants' writings were analyzed through the three language analysis approaches. The results suggest that Chinese migrant youth in this study present distinctive language patterns that closely relate to resilience indicators (positive emotion, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and positive affect), which can be further employed in differentiating resilience level (high vs. low) as machine learning features with satisfactory prediction accuracy. Our findings suggest a new interdisciplinary approach for effective psychological resilience identification among migrant youth in China and other high-risk youth populations.