Versatile Integration Research Articles

Surgical strategy for insular glioma.

The goal of this article is to review the outcomes of insular glioma surgery and discuss strategies to minimize postoperative morbidity. The authors reviewed the published literature on low- and high-grade insular gliomas with a focus on glioma biology, insular anatomy, and surgical technique. Maximal safe resection of insular gliomas is associated with improved survival and is the primary goal of surgery. Protecting patient speech and motor function during insular glioma resection requires versatile integration of insular anatomy, cortical mapping, and microsurgical technique. Both the transsylvian and transcortical corridors to the insula are associated with low morbidity profiles, but the transcortical approach with intraoperative mapping is more favorable for gliomas within the posterior insular region. Surgical strategy for insular gliomas is dependent on biological, anatomical, and clinical factors. Technical mastery integrated with intraoperative technologies can optimize surgical results.

Automatic object annotation in streamed and remotely explored large 3D reconstructions

We introduce a novel framework for 3D scene reconstruction with simultaneous object annotation, using a pre-trained 2D convolutional neural network (CNN), incremental data streaming, and remote exploration, with a virtual reality setup. It enables versatile integration of any 2D box detection or segmentation network. We integrate new approaches to (i) asynchronously perform dense 3D-reconstruction and object annotation at interactive frame rates, (ii) efficiently optimize CNN results in terms of object prediction and spatial accuracy, and (iii) generate computationally-efficient colliders in large triangulated 3D-reconstructions at run-time for 3D scene interaction. Our method is novel in combining CNNs with long and varying inference time with live 3D-reconstruction from RGB-D camera input. We further propose a lightweight data structure to store the 3D-reconstruction data and object annotations to enable fast incremental data transmission for real-time exploration with a remote client, which has not been presented before. Our framework achieves update rates of 22 fps (SSD Mobile Net) and 19 fps (Mask RCNN) for indoor environments up to 800 m3. We evaluated the accuracy of 3D-object detection. Our work provides a versatile foundation for semantic scene understanding of large streamed 3D-reconstructions, while being independent from the CNN’s processing time. Source code is available for non-commercial use.

Optical solitons of space-time fractional Fokas\u2013Lenells equation with two versatile integration architectures

Nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation and its variation structures assume a significant job in soliton dynamics. The soliton solutions of space-time fractional Fokas–Lenells equation with a relatively new definition of local M-derivative have been recovered by utilizing improved tan (frac{phi (eta )}{2})-expansion method and generalized projective Riccati equation method. The obtained solutions are periodic, dark, bright, singular, rational, along with few forms of combo-soliton solutions. These solutions are given under constraints conditions which ensure their existence. The impact of local fractional parameter is featured by its graphical portrayal. 2D and 3D diagrams are drawn to illustrate the efficacy of the conformable fractional order on the behavior of some of those solutions. The secured solutions of this model have dynamic and significant justifications for some real-world physical occurrences. Our study shows that the suggested schemes are effective, reliable, and simple for solving different types of nonlinear differential equations.

Different Types of Progressive Wave Solutions via the 2D-Chiral Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

A versatile integration gadget namely the protracted (or extended) Fan sub-equation (PFS-E) technique is devoted to retrieving a variety of solutions for different models in many fields of the sciences. This essay treatises the dynamics of progressive wave solutions via the 2D-chiral nonlinear Schrodinger (2D-CNLS) equation. The acquired solutions comprise of dark optical solitons, periodic solitons, singular dark (bright) solitons, and singular periodic solutions. By emulating the results gained in this work with other literature it can be noticed that the PFS-E method is an auspicious technique for finding solutions to other similar problems. Furthermore, it revealed some new types of solutions that will help us better understand the dynamic behaviors of the 2D-CNLS model.

An explicit plethora of different classes of interactive lump solutions for an extension form of 3D-Jimbo–Miwa model

A versatile integration gadget namely the Hirota bilinear (HB) technique is devoted to retrieving different categories of interactive lump solutions of an extension form to the 3D-Jimbo–Miwa (3D-JM) model with exponential and hyperbolic functions under some specific constraint conditions. The article studies the dynamics for these acquired solutions through 3D figures by selecting adequate measurable factors.

Transfer printing of nanomaterials and microstructures using a wire bonder

Scalable and cost-efficient transfer of nanomaterials and microstructures from their original fabrication substrate to a new host substrate is a key challenge for realizing heterogeneously integrated functional systems, such as sensors, photonics, and electronics. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput and versatile integration method utilizing conventional wire bonding tools to transfer-print carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silicon microstructures. Standard ball stitch wire bonding cycles were used as scalable and high-speed pick-and-place operations to realize the material transfer. Our experimental results demonstrated successful transfer printing of single-walled CNTs (100 m-diameter patches) from their growth substrate to polydimethylsiloxane, parylene, or Au/parylene electrode substrates, and realization of field emission cathodes made of CNTs on a silicon substrate. Field emission measurements manifested excellent emission performance of the CNT electrodes. Further, we demonstrated the utility of a high-speed wire bonder for transfer printing of silicon microstructures (60 m 60 m 20 m) from the original silicon on insulator substrate to a new host substrate. The achieved placement accuracy of the CNT patches and silicon microstructures on the target substrates were within 4 m. These results show the potential of using established and extremely cost-efficient semiconductor wire bonding infrastructure for transfer printing of nanomaterials and microstructures to realize integrated microsystems and flexible electronics.

Bioinspired synthesis of polyzwitterion/titania functionalized carbon nanotube membrane with superwetting property for efficient oil-in-water emulsion separation

Oil/water separation membranes with high flux efficiency and robust anti-oil-fouling property have attracted numerous attention, and superwetting carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes are promising candidates. The key challenges focus on the versatile integration of multiple materials/structures and the facile functionalization towards superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity. In this study, a polyzwitterion/titania functionalized carbon nanotube membrane for antifouling and high-flux oil/water emulsion separation is synthesized by a novel and simple dual-bioinspired strategy. The strategy involves the co-assembly of polyzwitterion and bioinspired-adhesive polydopamine (PDA) modified CNTs and the bioinspired mineralization of titania nanoparticles (TNPs). The as-prepared CNT membrane is evenly decorated with polyzwitterion and TNPs mediated by the comprehensive adhesive capability of PDA. The integration of the hydrophilic advantages of polyzwitterion and titania and the integration of the multiscale structures of CNTs and TNPs endow membranes with superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity and anti-oil-adhesion property. The nanoscale porous structures of CNT assembled network ensure the high permeability (about 3400 L m−2 h−1) and separation efficiency (over 99.5% for emulsified oils) of membranes. Furthermore, when applied to oil-in-water emulsion separation, the as-prepared CNT membrane exhibits good recycle performance throughout several filtration cycles and maintains high recovery ratio of 95% after several cycles, indicating excellent antifouling property. The dual-bioinspired strategy combining bioinspired adhesion and bioinspired mineralization provides new insights into the design and construction of nano-structured membranes for oil/water separation.

Site-Selective Integration of MoS2 Flakes on Nanopores by Means of Electrophoretic Deposition.

Here, we propose an easy method for site-selective deposition of two-dimensional (2D) material flakes onto nanoholes by means of electrophoretic deposition. This method can be applied to both simple flat nanostructures and complex three-dimensional structures incorporating nanoholes. The deposition method is here used for the decoration of large ordered arrays of plasmonic structures with either a single or few layers of MoS2. In principle, the plasmonic field generated by the nanohole can significantly interact with the 2D layer leading to enhanced light–material interaction. This makes our platform an ideal system for hybrid 2D material/plasmonic investigations. The engineered deposition of 2D materials on plasmonic nanostructures is useful for several important applications such as enhanced light emission, strong coupling, hot-electron generation, and 2D material sensors.

Optical dark and singular solitons of generalized nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation with anti-cubic law of nonlinearity

This work is devoted to scrutinize new optical soliton solutions to the spatially temporal [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation (NLSE) with anti-cubic nonlinearity. Two different versatile integration architectures are used to extract these solitons. Extended direct algebraic method (EDAM) is utilized to pluck out optical, dark and singular soliton solutions, whereas generalized Kudryashov method (GKM) provides rational solutions. The fetched results are new and useful for the propagation of light pulses in optical fibers in [Formula: see text]-dimensions. For the existence of these solitons, constraint conditions are also listed.

Ultra-high on-chip optical gain in erbium-based hybrid slot waveguides

Efficient and reliable on-chip optical amplifiers and light sources would enable versatile integration of various active functionalities on the silicon platform. Although lasing on silicon has been demonstrated with semiconductors by using methods such as wafer bonding or molecular beam epitaxy, cost-effective mass production methods for CMOS-compatible active devices are still lacking. Here, we report ultra-high on-chip optical gain in erbium-based hybrid slot waveguides with a monolithic, CMOS-compatible and scalable atomic-layer deposition process. The unique layer-by-layer nature of atomic-layer deposition enables atomic scale engineering of the gain layer properties and straightforward integration with silicon integrated waveguides. We demonstrate up to 20.1 ± 7.31 dB/cm and at least 52.4 ± 13.8 dB/cm net modal and material gain per unit length, respectively, the highest performance achieved from erbium-based planar waveguides integrated on silicon. Our results show significant advances towards efficient on-chip amplification, opening a route to large-scale integration of various active functionalities on silicon.

Ferrous-Supply-Regeneration Nanoengineering for Cancer-Cell-Specific Ferroptosis in Combination with Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy.

Non-apoptotic ferroptosis is of clinical importance because it offers a solution to the inevitable biocarriers of traditional apoptotic therapeutic means. Inspired by industrial electro-Fenton technology featured with electrochemical iron cycling, we construct ferrous-supply-regeneration nanoengineering to intervene tumorous iron metabolism for enhanced ferroptosis. Fe3+ ion and naturally derived tannic acid (TA) spontaneously form a network-like corona onto sorafenib (SRF) nanocores. The formed SRF@FeIIITA nanoparticles can respond to a lysosomal acid environment with corona dissociation, permitting SRF release to inhibit GPX4 enzyme for ferroptosis initiation. TA is arranged to chemically reduce the liberated and the ferroptosis-generated Fe3+ to Fe2+, offering iron redox cycling to, thus, effectively produce lipid peroxide required in ferroptosis. Sustained Fe2+ supply leads to long-term cytotoxicity, which is identified to be specific to H2O2-overloaded cancer cells but minimal in normal cells. SRF@FeIIITA-mediated cell death proves to follow the ferroptosis pathway and strongly inhibits tumor proliferation. Moreover, SRF@FeIIITA provides a powerful platform capable of versatile integration between apoptosis and non-apoptosis means. Typically, photosensitizer-adsorbed SRF@FeIIITA demonstrates rapid tumor imaging owing to the acid-responsive fluorescence recovery. Together with ferroptosis, imaging-guided photodynamic therapy induces complete tumor elimination. This study offers ideas about how to advance anticancer ferroptosis through rational material design.

Dynamics of optical solitons with Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan model via two reliable integration schemes

This work is devoted to the extraction of optical solitons with Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan model in the presence of Kerr law media with the aid of two versatile integration tools, namely, the modified simple equation and exp(−φ(q)) method. A plethora of traveling wave solutions including dark, singular, periodic singular, kink and anti kink soliton solutions are retrieved along with their graphical depiction. The validity conditions for these solutions are also listed.

Management and GGBN publishing of tissue and DNA extract data through Specify software

Due to the recent establishment of the Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) data portal, we have extended Specify collections management software (http://www.sustain.specifysoftware.org/) to more effectively manage, publish, and integrate tissue and DNA extract data by adding support for the GGBN data schema. Specify’s database design now includes a number of data fields and tables proscribed in GGBN standard vocabularies. We also realigned some of the underlying table relationships to address the needs of specimen curation and collection transactions for extract and tissue samples. Specify now also supports “Next Generation” sequencing metadata with fields to record NCBI SRA ID numbers for web-linking tissue and extract metadata to entries in the NCBI SRA databases. With the ongoing evolution of the TDWG Darwin Core (DwC) standard for specimen data exchange, we generalized Specify 7’s data publishing capabilities to export collections data to any DwC or other standards-based, exchange schema. This generic, external schema mapping capability enables Specify collections to design and map data packages to integrate their data with any community aggregator or collaborative project database based on Darwin Core or other community standard-based format. The development of these versatile new integration capabilities was in collaboration with, and through financial support from GGBN. This talk will highlight these changes in the context of delivery of museum tissue and extract data records to the GGBN data portal for aggregation.

Singular and dark optical solitons to the well posed Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel model

This paper scrutinizes dark, singular and periodic singular solitons to the well posed Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel model to study the soliton propagation in nonlinear optics. Three types of nonlinear media namely, Kerr, parabolic and anti cubic law nonlinearity are investigated. The versatile integration gadget, modified simple equation method, is employed in this work. A number of constraint relations emerge to guarantee the existence of these soliton solutions.

Fabrication and characterization of a wide-bandgap and high-[formula omitted] terahertz distributed-Bragg-reflector micro cavities

We report high-Q and wide-bandgap distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) ‘micro’ cavities with a single mode frequency around 1 THz by stacking alternatively predefined quartz discs and gaskets. Semi-finished precision crystalline quartz discs for commercial quartz oscillators with two different thicknesses were carefully chosen to form quarter-wavelength Bragg mirrors and DBR cavities. Characterizations of DBR cavities by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and continuous-wave transmission measurements agree well with transfer-matrix-method (TMM) simulations. The made DBR cavities yielded a quality factor as high as 1, 560 at 0.907 THz with a bandgap of 420 GHz from 0.68 to 1.10 THz. The stacking method was adopted to form DBR cavities with an even higher Q factor by using quarter-wavelength high-resistivity silicon slabs and gaskets. Such stacking method allows for reliable and versatile integration of terahertz Bragg mirrors and DBR cavities with active terahertz devices such as modulators, emitters and detectors. Limited by the penetration depth of terahertz field in Bragg mirrors, the effective mode volume is slightly less than half of the resonant wavelength. Further reduction of the mode volume could be achieved by field enhancement and/or localization within the cavity.

Germanium Template Assisted Integration of Gallium Arsenide Nanocrystals on Silicon: A Versatile Platform for Modern Optoelectronic Materials

AbstractMetal organic vapor phase epitaxy is used to grow gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanocrystals (NCs) on germanium (Ge) templates on nanoscopic silicon (Si) threads prepared by reactive ion etching. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray measurements shows an epitaxial growth of the GaAs on the Ge template that is supported by the Si thread, and that Ge doping is induced to the GaAs by the template. On Ge templates of about 60 nm diameter, as‐grown GaAs NCs show a very regular rhombic‐dodecahedral outer shape that can be explained by a preferential growth along the <110> plane. Photoluminescence measurements of the Ge/GaAs structures reveal radiative emission peaks on top of the GaAs band‐to‐band emission and at sub‐band gap energies. While high energy peaks are originating from Ge acceptor levels in GaAs, sub‐band gap peaks can be explained by radiation from Ge donor and acceptor bands that are amplified by photonic modes hosted in the rhombic‐dodecahedral GaAs NCs. This study shows that a template‐assisted crystal growth at the nanoscale opens up routes for a versatile integration of strongly emitting nanomaterials for a use in on‐chip solid state lighting and photonics.

Low-cost and versatile integration of microwire electrodes and optical waveguides into silicone elastomeric devices using modified xurographic methods

Microelectrodes are used in microfluidic devices for a variety of purposes such as heating, applying electric fields, and electrochemical sensing. However, they are still manufactured by expensive deposition techniques such as sputtering or evaporation and patterned using photolithography methods. More recently, alternate methods including nanoparticle sintering and use of liquid metal flowing through microchannels have been used to fabricate microelectrodes. These methods are limited in the material choices or require post processing to be integrated into microchannels. Here we developed a low-cost and versatile method to integrate high-quality metal microwires into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using xurography. The microwire integration process includes cutting slit pattern on PDMS substrate and subsequent writing metal microwires into the slit pattern using a specialized tip. Then the microwire-integrated PDMS was sealed/bonded using uncured PDMS prepolymer. This method enables integration of metal microwires of diameter as small as 15 μm into PDMS devices. Integration of multiple microwires with minimum spacing of 150 μm has also been demonstrated. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by the fabrication of metal microwire suspended in the middle of the microchannel, which is difficult to achieve using conventional electrode fabrication methods. This low-cost method avoids expensive clean room fabrication yet producing high-quality electrodes and can be used in a variety of microfluidic and MEMS applications.

Multi-body engine simulation including elastohydrodynamic lubrication for non-conformal conjunctions

The evaluation of lubricated contacts is an essential step in modern internal combustion engine simulation to estimate run-time behaviour. A thorough investigation of the occurring thin oil films is critical to estimate friction, wear, noise, vibration and harshness and the overall dynamic behaviour. The prediction of contact pressure and oil film height poses a complex task, especially in non-conformal conjunctions, such as between a cam and a follower. This paper introduces a generic algorithm to solve the elastohydrodynamic lubrication problem and integrates it into a multi-body simulation environment. A focus is put on the versatile integration of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication model into the multi-body framework to create a basis for a full engine simulation. The Reynolds equation and the film thickness equation are treated as modular decoupled systems and, therefore, allow a modular structure of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication algorithm. The method introduced here incorporates existing relaxation techniques and uses them in a decoupled elastohydrodynamic lubrication solver for flexible multi-body dynamics simulation. The contact between a cam and a follower of an internal combustion engine is used as an exemplary contact to test the derived elastohydrodynamic lubrication model. A four-cylinder full engine model with 16 valves and two flexible camshafts is investigated as an example to outline effects of an oil film lubricated cam follower conjunctions in valve train simulation.

A quadrature-based superconvergent isogeometric frequency analysis with macro-integration cells and quadratic splines

A quadrature-based superconvergent isogeometric method is presented for efficient frequency analysis with macro-integration cells and quadratic splines. The present development particularly refers to the isogeometric analysis of scalar wave equations. The single element, two-element and three-element macro-integration cells are proposed to develop a set of explicit superconvergent quadrature rules with a 6th order frequency accuracy, in contrast to the 4th order frequency accuracy associated with the standard isogeometric formulation with consistent mass matrix. The 1D quadrature rules with various macro-integration cells are derived from the condition of exact integration of the higher order mass matrix as well as the stiffness matrix. Consequently, 3-point, 5-point and 7-point quadrature rules with identical precision are established for the single element, two-element and three-element macro-integration cells, respectively. By construction these quadrature rules exactly recover the isogeometric higher order mass matrix formulation with frequency superconvergence in 1D case. The 2D and 3D superconvergent quadrature rules with versatile integration cells are directly constructed through the tensor product formulation of the 1D integration algorithms. It is shown that the multidimensional isogeometric analysis employing the proposed quadrature rules for both mass and stiffness matrices does produce the frequency superconvergence simultaneously without the wave propagation direction dependence problem, which needs special treatments for the multidimensional higher order mass matrix formulation. The proposed approach is featured by its simplicity for numerical implementation and efficiency using macro-integration cells. Numerical examples confirm the efficacy of the present methodology.

An interlayer nanostructure of rGO/Sn2Fe-NRs array/rGO with high capacity for lithium ion battery anodes

An interlayer nanostructure of rGO/Sn2Fe-NRs array/rGO was synthesized via a versatile integration of Sn2Fe nanorods (NRs) array in between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. Impressively, as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, the as-prepared nanocomposites deliver a high specific capacity of 690 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5 C (500 mA g−1), and 582 mA h g−1 at 1 C (1000 mA g−1) with exceptional rate capability and cycling stability over 600 cycles. These significantly improved electrochemical properties benefit from the high structural stability and electrical conductivity of rGO/Sn2Fe-NRs array/rGO interlayer nanostructures. It is demonstrated that the designed interlayer nanostructures are outstanding architectures for lithium ion battery anodes.