Verification Method Research Articles

Investigating the use of pixel scrambling and diffusion in secure radiographic inspections

In warhead verification, physical encryption technology could play a critical role in protecting confidential information on geometric structure and isotopic composition of a true warhead. As an important supplement to physical encryption, algorithmic encryption still has great potential in improving defense-in-depth security for nuclear arms control verification. To further supplement feasible nuclear arms control verification technologies, we propose a verification method based on neutron induced fission reactions employing both physical field flux encryption and algorithm encryption. Physical encryption processes the classified geometry or composition information by encrypting the fission neutron signal of the tested item with a randomly shielded mask. Algorithm encryption adopts pixel scrambling, pixel diffusion for secondary encryption. To verify the robustness and security of this new verification method, numerical simulations are performed using the Monte Carlo toolkit Geant4. Verification results indicate a high level of robustness and security with a low level of noise (∼<0.5%).

State of the Art and Future Trends in Monitoring for Industrial Induction Heating Applications

Induction surface hardening (ISH) processes are widely used in the heat treatment of numerous industrial components, especially in the automotive industry. Since this industry operates under very demanding quality standards, it is crucial for these heat treatment processes to meet rigorous specifications to ensure the safety and reliability of the produced components. This implies the precise and repeatable control of certain parameters throughout the manufacturing process of each of the parts treated, through precise and reliable instrumentation in electromagnetically harsh environments. The main objective of this work is to define the monitoring process for an industrial IHS application, determining the control needs and the methods of measurement, recording, and verification of the parameters that ensure the quality of the process. This paper describes the monitoring process of induction surface hardening, emphasizing the use of sensors and modern measurement and control systems. A comprehensive monitoring system supported by a programmable logic controller (PLC) and mixed acquisition and instrumentation systems (analog and digital) implemented with a high-performance Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) will be presented.

Do Algorithms Dream of Electric Requirements? Leveraging AI‐Based Approaches for Automated Allocation and Classification of Requirements in Railway Engineering

AbstractIn recent years, Artificial Intelligence has experienced an extraordinary growth. Systems Engineering is a discipline where the implementation of AI can be challenging, but that could immensely benefit from its capabilities. This paper presents one of the many implementations that AI can have within the Systems Engineering field. AI has been leveraged to create an algorithm that allows for the automatic identification and classification of requirements within a specific engineering sector: large railway projects. While text classification algorithms are well established, the key to a successful implementation of a requirements classification algorithm lays on the effective structurization of the data, as well as the high quality of the training datasets. This paper describes how an AI‐based requirements classification algorithm has been planned and trained to effectively classify requirements in future documents based on systems and subsystems from a System Breakdown Structure (SBS), as well as to predict the adequate method of verification for both the Design and Testing and Commissioning stages of a railway project.Finally, the paper showcases how the use of this AI‐based requirements classifier does not only lower the probability of human error, but also reduces ∼75% human workload per project. Additionally, overall ∼30% cost savings to organizations are expected in a 10‐year period in the task of classifying requirements with respect to manual classification performed by subject matter experts.

Electromechanical Impedance of Acoustic Emission Sensors used for Self-Diagnosis

Acoustic Emission (AE) is a well established NDT method which is used more and more for continuous monitoring, heading towards SHM. Today, AE sensors in the field are tested with a pencil lead break test (Hsu-Nielsen source), which requires manual interaction. Sensors are replaced if the sensitivity is too low. However, since the test is performed on the monitored structure, the structure itself may influence the test. Therefore, a detailed check of the sensor in the lab, according to SE02 and ISO 24543, is done afterwards. An automated solution, that can test AE sensors in the field, without human interaction, that needs minimal additional hardware would benefit AE based monitoring systems. The electromechanical impedance (EMI) spectrum is mostly used for local damage detection with piezoelectric transducers. In the past it has been shown that the EMI spectrum can also be used to enable automated self-diagnostic capabilities in the low frequency spectrum (Park et al., 2004) and in the higher frequency regime (Mueller, 2017) including the eigenfrequencies of the transducers. The usage of EMI for AE sensors can, thorough research in this matter provided, solve the issues mentioned above. This work presents results of EMI spectrum analysis of two sets of 12 and 17 sensors, respectively, with different levels of damage from pressure vessel burst tests. The results are compared to that of a face-2-face inspection, which is an established method of verification in the lab according to ISO 24543. It is shown that the EMI spectrum is capable of similar self-diagnostic capabilities. Thus, combining the advantages of global monitoring with AE sensors, while providing a remote and automatic method of self-diagnostic of AE sensors at any point with minimal additional hardware and software requirements.

Decentralized Identity Verification in Metaverse Auditing Using Blockchain Technology

This research paper presents a comprehensive review of decentralized identity verification in the context of metaverse auditing, leveraging blockchain technology. With the rapid evolution of virtual environments and the emergence of the metaverse, ensuring trust, transparency, and security becomes paramount. Traditional centralized identity verification systems face challenges in such decentralized and dynamic environments. Blockchain technology offers promising solutions by providing a transparent, immutable, and decentralized ledger for identity management and verification. Conceptual Analysis research methodology used in this research paper because theoretical and conceptual clarity are crucial for understanding complex phenomena. The paper begins by exploring the concept of decentralized identity management systems and their significance in virtual environments. It discusses various challenges associated with traditional identity verification methods and highlights the potential of blockchain-based solutions in addressing these challenges. Through a systematic literature review, the paper examines existing research and developments in decentralized identity verification, metaverse auditing, and blockchain technology. Key topics covered include the architecture of decentralized identity systems, consensus mechanisms for identity verification on blockchain networks, privacy-preserving techniques, and interoperability standards for cross-platform identity management. Furthermore, the paper investigates the role of smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps) in facilitating identity verification processes within the metaverse. The review also discusses the potential implications of decentralized identity verification in enhancing trust and security in virtual economies, enabling seamless user experiences, and fostering innovation in digital asset management. Moreover, it identifies current gaps and challenges in the field and proposes future research directions to address these issues. Overall, this research paper contributes to the understanding of decentralized identity verification in metaverse auditing using blockchain technology. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in exploring the intersection of decentralized identity, virtual environments, and blockchain technology. The insights provided aim to stimulate further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving domain.

Formal modeling and verification method for Simulink-MDL requirement model

Abstract As complex safety-critical system software becomes more powerful, so does the complexity of its design requirements. Modeling and analyzing design requirements at an early stage has become an integral part of the entire development process for complex safety-critical system software. Simulink is a system modeling and simulation tool used in aviation and other fields. Its model is stored in the form of MDL files. ART (Avionics Requirement Tools) is a requirement modeling and analysis verification tool for the aviation field. It uses VRM (Variable Relation Model) as the theoretical model and can accept VRM and its extended subsets as input models and verify them in the tool. The work of this paper is oriented to the typical software requirements in the field of avionics systems and proposes a formal modeling and verification method for Simulink-MDL models. First, the composition form and structure of the MDL model are analyzed in the article. The functions and semantics of various elements in the model are given. Then a formal modeling method of the MDL model is given. Finally, a simplified version of the flight guidance control system is used for modeling and verification to demonstrate the usability and effectiveness of this method.

Improving Cleaning Validation Utilizing Adenosine Triphosphate Technology

Background: Thorough cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surface areas in hospital inpatient rooms remain vital parts of effective strategies in reducing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Currently, Methodist Specialty &amp; Transplant Hospital (MHST) inconsistently utilizes fluorescent marking for terminal cleaning validation. Without quantitative results, it’s difficult to measure the effectiveness of cleaning. To ensure MHST is maintaining a safe and clean environment for patients &amp; staff, MHST implemented a comprehensive cleaning verification program to include adenosine triphosphate (ATP) technology. We aimed to establish the program with baseline readings, and an overall weekly passing score of 95% for all tested inpatient rooms. Methods: To achieve sustained improvement, we needed to monitor, educate, and have periodic performance feedback to individuals and stakeholders. Key stakeholders (IP, EVS, Operations Leadership, Nursing Leadership representative) were identified, and a weekly meeting was established to discuss the planning and implementation of the ATP program. Some key actions included: standardization of brand of luminometer- device to measure ATP for microbial contamination; establishment of 16 high surface touch points to be tested; partnership with IT to create a database &amp; dashboard for ATP results &amp; data analysis; training of ATP device to all personnel who will be utilizing ATP device; establishment of a threshold for a “pass” clean (relative light unit [RLU] less than or equal to 45). Summary of Results: After baseline testing, the average weekly pass score met goal at 95 percent for all tested rooms. The bedside table located on the 2W floor was the location that failed the most (3 instances). Conclusions: Our program implementation project aimed to improve terminal cleaning validation utilizing ATP technology in inpatient rooms, was successfully implemented. Equipped with quantitative results, the MHST team, was able to verify cleaning quickly and efficiently without any confusion, as it may have been with the previous verification method of fluorescent marking. The partnership between Infection Prevention (IP) &amp; Environmental Services (EVS) was crucial in the implementation of this process improvement- from participating in training together to understanding and sharing ATP pass/fail score data.

A sustainable Poly (deep eutectic solvents) based molecular imprinting strategy with experimental and theoretical elucidation: Application for removal of atrazine in agricultural wastewater

In this research, a fabrication of Poly(deep eutectic solvent) composed of choline chloride-methacrylic acid (ChCl-MAA) was developed to cross-link and polymerize through molecular imprinting technology (MIT). The results were analyzed using a simple syringe solid phase extraction (SPE) device combined with Poly(DES)-MIT strategy, with the aim of specifically removing atrazine (ATZ) from agricultural wastewater. Density functional theory was applied for the rapid prediction of optimal molar ratio (1:4) between the template (ATZ) and monomer (DES), yielding highly consistent results with experimental findings. The electrostatic potential (ESP) distributions and the independent gradient model (IGMH) were employed to investigate the types and strengths of weak interactions in Poly(DES). Due to the participation of DES in the polymerization reaction, Poly(DES) exhibited rapid adsorption equilibrium time (120 min) and excellent specificity recognition ability (selectivity factor of 14.02). The HPLC-DAD analysis system exhibited a good linear response in the range of 0.5∼500 mg L−1, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.26 mg L−1 and a quantitation limit (LOQ) of 0.87 mg L−1. The admirable feasibility for the removal of ATZ (with a recovery rate of 99.93 %) from real agricultural wastewater substantiated the outlook of practical application of Poly(DES)-MIT strategy. In addition, the adsorption rate of Poly(DES) on ATZ only decreased by 5.80 % (from 96.60 % to 90.80 %) after five adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating its significant sustainability. This study combined computer-aided design with a novel green DES-mediated polymerization process to construct an environmentally friendly adsorbent with high selectivity for ATZ. From a quantum chemistry perspective, it was demonstrated that Poly(DES) selectively captures ATZ from agricultural wastewater mainly through hydrogen bonding interactions and van der Waals forces. The combined method of theoretical simulation and experimental verification showed vast potential in the field of safe cultivation of medicinal herbs and crops, opening up new possibilities for the precise monitoring of other pollutants in the environment.

Sustainability of Sharia Effects: Evidence from the Markets of Indonesia and Malaysia

This study is designed to assess the empirical impact of increased profitability, leverage, and carbon emission disclosure on the scale of sustainability reporting. A quantitative method was chosen as the primary approach, relying on secondary data as a source of information. Observations were conducted on manufacturing entities listed in the Sharia Securities List in Indonesia and Malaysia during the period from 2021 to 2023, using purposive sampling techniques resulting in a sample of 105 companies. Descriptive and verificative statistical methods were employed for data analysis, including panel data regression using fixed effects models. Eviews 12 software was adopted as the analytical tool. The empirical findings of this research indicate that increased profitability and carbon emission disclosure significantly contribute to the expansion of sustainability reporting disclosure. On the other hand, increased leverage does not have a significant negative impact on the scale of sustainability reporting disclosure.

Correctness Verification of Mutual Exclusion Algorithms by Model Checking

Mutual exclusion algorithms are at the heart of concurrent/parallel and distributed systems. It is well known that such algorithms are very difficult to analyze, and in the literature, different conjectures about starvation freedom and the number of by-passes (also called the overtaking factor) exist. The overtaking factor affects the (hopefully) bounded waiting time that a process competing for entering the critical section has to suffer before accessing the shared resource. This paper proposes a novel modeling approach based on Timed Automata and the Uppaal toolset, which proves effective for studying all the properties of a mutual exclusion algorithm for N≥2 processes, by exhaustive model checking. Although the approach, as already confirmed by similar experiments reported in the literature, is not scalable due to state explosion problems and can be practically applied until N≤5, it is of great value for revealing the true properties of analyzed algorithms. For dimensions N&gt;5, the Statistical Model Checker of Uppaal can be used, which, although based on simulations, can confirm properties by estimations and probabilities. This paper describes the proposed modeling and verification method and applies it to several mutual exclusion algorithms, thus retrieving known properties but also showing new results about properties often studied by informal reasoning.

An improved approach to organising mobile edge computing in a 5G network

Mobile edge computing is an important element in ensuring the efficiency of the 5G network as a whole, as it enables data storage and computing at the network edge. Existing solutions do not fully address the issues of load distribution between computing nodes, and most solutions do not offer methods for verifying computations and controlling errors. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop an approach to the organization of mobile edge computing in a 5G mobile network that would authenticate distribution servers and computing nodes, manage the process of distributing computing nodes, have a procedure for verifying the correctness of calculations, and take into account the parameters of computing nodes during distribution. To achieve this goal, we propose to use the developed method. The method of load balancing and selection of computing nodes for edge computing via 5G allows for identifying available nodes and distributing computing blocks among them. It also provides mutual authentication of elements and includes a method of data verification and error detection for the MEC system. The provided solution allows for controlling errors during calculations and protecting the server from incorrect data. These methods are optimized according to minimum network resources and computing time criteria. These improvements increase the efficiency of mobile edge computing in a 5G network.

Verification of the person’s dynamic signature on a limited number of samples

Objectives. The goal of the research is to develop a new person-dependent method for verification of a signature of one person made on a tablet with a stylus in the presence of a limited number of signature samples of this person.Methods. The paper shows how to construct an individual pattern of the dynamic signatures of any person, which is described by points in a multidimensional feature space and is intended for subsequent verification of the authenticity of the signatures of a given person. It is constructed using 5&lt;N&lt;20 samples of genuine human signatures. The pattern forms a convex object in a multidimensional feature space. It describes the peculiar properties of a signature performed by a specific person.Results . The dynamics of signature execution is represented by three discrete parametric functions: coordinates of the stylus X, Y and its pressure on the tablet P, recorded at fixed time intervals. In the process of research, a number of secondary functions-features were selected and calculated from them. Since these data sets have different lengths, the dynamic time warping algorithm is used to compare them. The results of this transformation are distances between the dynamic features of two signatures, which serve as coordinates of a point in the feature space that describes the similarity of these signatures. The set of such points describes similarity of all pairs of genuine human signatures presented for verification in a multidimensional feature space. The convex hull of the cloud of these points is used as a pattern of a particular person's signature. The genuine signatures of any person are always different from each other; significant differences between them can distort the verification result.Conclusion. Experimental studies performed on genuine and fake signatures of 498 people from the largest available database of dynamic signatures, DeepSignDB, showed a verification accuracy of about 98 % when analyzing 24,900 signatures. Half of them are genuine, half are fake

Integrating scenario- and contract-based verification for automated vessels

Scenario-based verification defines the current state of the art for examining a vessel’s control systems for reliability and safety. However, software updates after release can only be covered to a limited extent. To take changes to a deployed system into account, the design and test phase must be harmonized with the operational phase. For all phases, regulatory, technical and safety requirements provide the scope to which the development process and the scenario-based tests need to be aligned and whose specifications the System under Test (SuT) must adhere to during operation. For this reason, a procedure is needed that converts the requirements into a format that can be utilized across all phases and measured in a structured manner comparing the original system to the updated version. This work does so by combining scenario-based verification methods with formal composition and monitoring techniques based on contract-based design into an integrated development approach. It is shown how safety requirements can be transferred into a Verification Descriptor that in turn provides the foundation for the division into model-based system development, contract-based virtual integration testing and a scenario-based test environment. For the entire lifecycle of the System under Test (SuT) to be included, the extended scenario and contract descriptors are carried forward up to the operational phase, such that the previously defined properties of the SuT can be monitored and validated during runtime. The approach is designed alongside a minimal-viable system and evaluated on an actual implementation of a safety-critical maritime LiDAR-based positioning system.

Predisposing Factors to Medication Errors by Nurses and Prevention Strategies: A Scoping Review of Recent Literature.

Medication errors have serious consequences and high costs for the patient and the system. The treatment process and the care required for critically ill patients are complex, and these patients are more vulnerable to errors and potential consequences. A scoping review using the JBI methodology was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases and reported by the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to explore strategies that can mitigate medication errors by nurses. The search strategy focused on references published between January 2012 and April 2023. Sixteen studies were included, and the results were organized into thematic areas. Medication errors by nurses are in the areas of preparation, administration, and documentation; organizational, system-related, procedural, personal, and knowledge and training factors are predisposing factors for errors; educational intervention, verification and safety methods, organizational changes, and error reporting are the strategic areas to mitigate medication error. The organization of the data could be different, as it depends on the reviewers' experience. Knowledge of the factors that cause medication errors and interventions to mitigate them make it possible to outline strategies to minimize their occurrence and achieve health gains. The protocol preceding this review has been registered in the Open Science Framework and published.

Analisis Pengaruh Label Halal Terhadap Pemilihan Porduk Kosmetik (Make Up): Studi Kasus Mahasiswi Ekonomi Syariah Uin Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

The purpose of this research is to see how much influence the halal label has on the choice of cosmetic products (make up) among Islamic Economics students at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. This research uses quantitative methods and descriptive verification methods. This research information was collected through a survey distributed to 30 students of the Sharia Economics Study Program at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. The data in this research were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 program. According to the research results, the halal label variable has a very large and beneficial influence on the choice of cosmetics. These results are viewed from the results of hypothesis testing on the accepted variables, which show that there is a strong positive influence of the halal label variable on the assessment of cosmetic selection.

Time-resolved clinical dose volume metrics, calculations and predictions based on source tracking measurements and uncertainties to aid treatment verification and error detection for HDR brachytherapy—a proof-of-principle study

Objective. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy lacks routinely available treatment verification methods. Real-time tracking of the radiation source during HDR brachytherapy can enhance treatment verification capabilities. Recent developments in source tracking allow for measurement of dwell times and source positions with high accuracy. However, more clinically relevant information, such as dose discrepancies, is still needed. To address this, a real-time dose calculation implementation was developed to provide more relevant information from source tracking data. A proof-of-principle of the developed tool was shown using source tracking data obtained from a 3D-printed anthropomorphic phantom. Approach. Software was developed to calculate dose-volume-histograms (DVH) and clinical dose metrics from experimental HDR prostate treatment source tracking data, measured in a realistic pelvic phantom. Uncertainty estimation was performed using repeat measurements to assess the inherent dose measuring uncertainty of the in vivo dosimetry (IVD) system. Using a novel approach, the measurement uncertainty can be incorporated in the dose calculation, and used for evaluation of cumulative dose and clinical dose-volume metrics after every dwell position, enabling real-time treatment verification. Main results. The dose calculated from source tracking measurements aligned with the generated uncertainty bands, validating the approach. Simulated shifts of 3 mm in 5/17 needles in a single plan caused DVH deviations beyond the uncertainty bands, indicating errors occurred during treatment. Clinical dose-volume metrics could be monitored in a time-resolved approach, enabling early detection of treatment plan deviations and prediction of their impact on the final dose that will be delivered in real-time. Significance. Integrating dose calculation with source tracking enhances the clinical relevance of IVD methods. Phantom measurements show that the developed tool aids in tracking treatment progress, detecting errors in real-time and post-treatment evaluation. In addition, it could be used to define patient-specific action limits and error thresholds, while taking the uncertainty of the measurement system into consideration.

Research on the Application of Embedded Real-time Software in Computer Software Design

With the continuous development of computer technology, embedded real-time software is also developing and improving. In the design of computer software, embedded real-time software is the core part, and its reasonable application can effectively improve the function and performance of computer software and ensure its stable and reliable operation. At the same time, embedded real-time software can effectively realize the real-time operation of computers and bring convenience to people's daily life and work. This paper deeply studies the application of embedded real-time software in computer software design. The key technologies and methods such as real-time operating system, real-time task scheduling algorithm, embedded software design mode and embedded software testing and verification method are discussed in detail. Combined with specific cases, the application practice of embedded real-time software in computer software design is analyzed, including real-time requirements analysis, performance optimization, resource management and application in specific fields. This paper analyzes the specific application of embedded real-time software in computer software design, and provides some reference for related workers.

Exploring Zero-Day Attacks on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms have emerged as powerful tools for solving complex problems in various domains, including cyber security. However, as these algorithms become increasingly prevalent, they also face new security challenges. One of the most significant of these challenges is the threat of zero-day attacks, which exploit unknown and unpredictable vulnerabilities in the algorithms or the data they process. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of zero-day attacks on ML/DL algorithms, exploring their types, causes, effects, and potential countermeasures. The paper begins by introducing the concept and definition of zero-day attacks, providing a clear understanding of this emerging threat. It then reviews the existing research on zero-day attacks on ML/DL algorithms, focusing on three main categories: data poisoning attacks, adversarial input attacks, and model stealing attacks. Each of these attack types poses unique challenges and requires specific countermeasures. The paper also discusses the potential impacts and risks of these attacks on various application domains. For instance, in facial expression recognition, an adversarial input attack could lead to misclassification of emotions, with serious implications for user experience and system integrity. In object classification, a data poisoning attack could cause the algorithm to misidentify critical objects, potentially endangering human lives in applications like autonomous driving. In satellite intersection recognition, a model stealing attack could compromise national security by revealing sensitive information. Finally, the paper presents some possible protection methods against zero-day attacks on ML/DL algorithms. These include anomaly detection techniques to identify unusual patterns in the data or the algorithm’s behaviour, model verification and validation methods to ensure the algorithm’s correctness and robustness, federated learning approaches to protect the privacy of the training data, and differential privacy techniques to add noise to the data or the algorithm’s outputs to prevent information leakage. The paper concludes by highlighting some open issues and future directions for research in this area, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to secure ML/DL algorithms against zero-day attacks.

PENGARUH BIAYA OPERASIONAL DAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN PT INDOFOOD CBP SUKSES MAKMUR TBK

This study aims to analyze the effect of operating costs and sales on profits at the company Pt Indofood Cbp Sukses Makmur Tbk which is listed on the IDX 2014-2023. This study uses a descriptive verification method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk companies listed on the IDX 2014-2023 which amounted to 10 years. The sampling technique in this study was saturated sampling technique. The data source used is secondary data, namely quarterly financial reports on the company PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and uses descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, significance tests (t tests and F tests) and coefficient of determination analysis using SPSS. Based on the results of this study indicate (1) Partially operating costs have no effect on profits at the company pt indofood cbp sukses makmur tbk (2) Sales partially affect profits at the company pt indofood cbp sukses makmur tbk (3) Operating costs and sales simultaneously affect profits at the company pt indofood cbp sukses makmur tbk.

Using QR Code and a Smartphone to Provide University of Cross River State (UNICROSS) Certificate Authentication

In the modern world, people frequently fabricate their credentials in order to secure a job or to show up where and when it is necessary. Verification is the most effective approach to identify those fraudulent certificates. Despite this, the paper verification method requires a drawn-out and time-consuming process to handle certificate verification because the certificates must be returned to the institutions who awarded them. As a result, the certificates either fail to pass verification or are delayed by the lengthy process. Hence, a certificate verification method using QR codes is developed in this study for quick verification of University of Cross River State (UNICROSS) certificate genuineness. A Smartphone and 3D Printed QR Code were employed for the enhancement of UNICROSS certificate mobile authentication services. ScanTrust anti-counterfeiting services were used to secure and host the encrypted information. Results show that our framework is effective for creating mobile authentication services with high user satisfaction rate and having reasonably low computing requirements.