Expressive Speech Research Articles

A Pragmatic Study of Narcissism in the American Movie Big Eyes (2014)

Narcissism is a complicated phenomenon that can be reflected in the narcissist’s language. Investigating narcissism in terms of linguistics, and pragmatics in particular, does not seem to have been given its due attention, as this study reveals. Thus, this study is an endeavor to discover how narcissism is reflected in the American movie Big Eyes (2014). It is known for introducing narcissistic behaviors. This paper aims to identify the types, motivations, and pragmatic manifestations of narcissism in the selected movie. Three pragmatic theories are chosen to scrutinize narcissism in the data: Searle’s speech acts (1969), Grice’s maxims breaching (1975), and Culppeper’s impoliteness (1996). To cope with the nature of the data and the aims of the study, an analytical framework that embraces three layers has been designed. These are the types, motivations, and pragmatic strategies of narcissism. Upon analyzing the data, the study concludes that exhibitionist narcissism abounds in the movie. In terms of motivations, environmental influence is the main factor behind narcissism in the data. Representative, directive and expressive speech acts appear in the data. The maxims have been breached to result in the use of metaphor and hyperbole. Four impoliteness strategies (positive, negative, bold on record, and mock impoliteness) are used to show narcissism in the data.

Using the International classification of functioning, disability and health to describe children with Down syndrome

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome is a widespread, but still insufficiently studied genetic pathology, leading to early disability of the child population.
 Complex habilitation using transcranial micropolarization according to the method of N.Yu. Kozhushko can effectively compensate for impaired cerebral functions. The article deals with the question of the expediency and relevance of the application of the International classification of functioning, disability and health ICF in the complex habilitation in Down syndrome in children, as an international language intended for a comprehensive description of the components of human health.
 AIMS: studding the possibilities of transcranial micropolarization in the correction of neurological deficit in children with Down syndrome based on the principles of the ICF, designed to comprehensively describe the biopsychosocial status of a child.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved patients (n=55) with Down syndrome aged 3 to 5 years without severe concomitant decompensated pathology from other organs and systems. All cases of the disease were genetically confirmed: all had complete trisomy on the 21st chromosome. The main group included 40 children, the control group 15. In addition to the complex psychological and speech therapy support, the habilitation program for the children of the main group included the method of transcranial micropolarization according to the method of N.Yu. Kozhushko, the use of which can significantly improve the existing cerebral dysfunction in Down syndrome. All children were categorical ICF profiles, taking into account the most sensitive and informative in this disease.
 RESULTS: According to the results of testing on a 10-point scale for assessing speech function, 6 months after the procedures, there was a significant improvement in the indicators of expressive and impressive speech, speech attention, as well as positive dynamics in the formation and improvement of neatness skills.
 At the same time, the ICF made it possible to form a categorical profile of a child with Down syndrome, visually assess the influence of environmental and personal factors in each specific case, objectify changes in health disorders during habilitation, which is especially important in assessing the patients condition, developing a treatment plan, and analyzing the results obtained.
 CONCLUSIONS: The method of transcranial micropolarization adapted by N.Yu. Kozhushko, can be recommended for complex habilitation for patients with Down syndrome. The use of the ICF for a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of a child with a hereditary disease makes it possible to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of the individual, correct environmental factors, which is especially important in achieving results in hereditary diseases accompanied by cerebral deficiency.

APPLICATION OF MOTOR SENSORY APPROACH TO IMPROVE ARTICULATION SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Several studies have shown that speech sound disorders in children with intellectual disabilities impact communication with their environment. They have more difficulty with expressive language and speech intelligibility than receptive. Interventions are needed to improve speech skills, especially in articulation skills. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of sensory motor methods in improving articulation skills. Method: using a single subject experiment, using a one group pretest-posttest design. The participant is a girl aged 7:6 years old with articulation disorder on consonants /p/, /b/, /m/, /n/, /w/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /ŋ/, /j/, /c/, /f/, /w/, /v/, /h/, /r/, /y/, /z/, /fr/, /br/, /dw/, /gr/, /kl/, /pr/, /sk/, /sp/, /st/, /sw/. Data collection was done through interviews with the client's parents, direct observation of the client, and tests. Speech therapy was conducted for 10 sessions with an emphasis on sensory-motor integration. Perceptual assessment was carried out by comparing the ability to produce the phoneme /p/ in the initial position of the word with a combination of vowels /a/ before and after therapy. Results: in the post speech therapy assessment, there was an increase of 40%. Conclusion: from the therapy activities for 10 session with the Sensory Motor Approach, the client was quite successful in producing /p/ in the initial position of the word with a combination of vowels /a/. Suggestion: this study suggests designing a therapy cycle in order to find out the effectiveness of the Sensory Motor Approach more deeply.

Islamic Ideology in a Training Session of Insurance Agents: Critical Discourse Analysis

Research on insurance has been conducted by economists and experts within the finance and business fields. However, recently the study pertaining to insurance has garnered interest from diverese fields, namely sociology, socio-legal studies and criminology. There are very limited study examining insurance from a sociological perspective involves exploring how social, economic and cultural elements interconnect with various contextual factors. Most studies within the domain of insurance focused on insurance organisations or agencies, only a limited number of studies have focused on the analysis of agents and clients interaction. This study aims to analyse and uncover the ideology behind the use of Islamic ideology by an insurance leader during a sharing session. A qualitative case study was conducted and an insurance leader’s verbal speech was transcribed during a sharing session and went through discourse analysis. The transcribed script was analysed using thematic analysis. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that Islamic ideology was included in the insurance leader’s speech discourse which was associated to the divinity ideology. Divinity ideology refers to the shared belief among all Muslims that worshipping God is an essential commitment that must never be compromised. It was found that there were two types of divinity ideology which were the duty as believers and the principal belief of Islam. To sum up, this study has involved an insurance leader’s discourse which can be further investigated in various ways in future by exploring strategies, power and ideology in the insurance leaders’ discourse.

Felicity Condition of Expressive Speech Act Uttered by Public Figures in Covid-19 News

Abstract. This research aims to identify the expressive speech act and its felicity condition uttered by high-profile figures. It specifically attempts to recognize the types of expressive speech act, the intended meaning of those expressive speech act types, and their felicity conditions. The qualitative method was applied to accomplish those study objectives. The data were high-profile figures’ utterances collected from covid-19 related news on an online news site (https://www.merdeka.com/). This research focuses on the expressive speech acts since they are also known as evaluative speech acts. Moreover, analyzing expressive speech acts uttered by public figures in covid-19 related news may give insight on how the Indonesia’s government manage covid-19 cases. The results confirm that the utterances taken from that site fulfilled some types of expressive speech act, namely praising, thanking, deploring, lamenting, congratulating, and flattering. The intended meaning of those types of expressive speech act are determined by interpreting the speakers’ intention based on the context. Furthermore, the felicity condition of each expressive speech act type is discovered by conducting four formulas, which are preparatory condition, propositional content, sincerity condition, and essential condition. These formulas determine the validity of the utterances. Thus, people reading the news can refer that the utterances are not hoaxes. Keywords: Expressive Speech Act, Felicity Condition, Covid-19, Public Figures

Speech Acts of Aggression in American Animation Movies

The present study scrutinizes aggression as an influential social phenomenon in five American animation movies. Animation movies are often regarded as the finest form of entertainment, and children can learn a lot from them. However, they contain a huge number of aggressive scenes. Aggression and its social impacts have been examined from different perspectives. However, investigating aggression in American animation movies has not been conducted particularly from a pragmatic viewpoint. Thus, the present study attempts to bridge this gap by identifying types and causes of aggression pragmatically. The major goal of the study is to determine the types and causes of aggression performed by aggressors by looking at how speech acts are utilized to express each type and cause of aggression in the data that is being examined. To achieve the aim of the study, Searle’s (1969) classification of speech acts is adopted. The main conclusion of the study is that expressive speech acts are used in all types of aggression, with the highest frequency and percentages. Moreover, expressive speech acts are most frequently linked with the failure factor and the social learning factor as causes of aggression.

Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie

The goal of this research is to describe different types of expressive speaking acts in “Free Guy” movie. It is a part of the descriptive qualitative methodology. The observational approach and non-participatory technique were used in this study's data collection. As a method and approach for data analysis, the referential identity method and pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique were used. This study employed the (Searle, 1969) theory of expressive acts. The study's findings indicate that “Free Guy” movie has three different types of expressive speech acts. There were 4 data for compliment, 3 data for thanking, and 4 data for greeting

A Pragmatic Analysis of Flouting Maxim Performed by The Main Characters of Radium Girls Movie

A movie becomes a big source for both entertainment or education. Radium Girls is a play written by D. W. Gregory, to be filmed and released in 2018. It is an interesting movie because the story is based on a historical true story that happened in the 1920s. Radium Girls is analyzed by exploring the flouting maxim which appears in the dialogues between the characters of the play and to find out the implicit meaning of the flouting maxim. To find out the flouting maxim uttered by main characters (the girls) in this Radium Girls movie based on the stages found in a narrative circle in this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method. There are 71 utterances employed by the main characters of the Radium Girls movie. They were distributed in flouting maxim of quality; three data, flouting maxim of quantity; thirty-five data, flouting maxim of relation; twenty-one data, and flouting maxim of manner; twelve data. The speech act is used to describe what utterances are intended to do. Declaratory can be used to flout maxim of quantity and maxim of manner. Expressive speech act can be used to flout maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. Assertive can be used to flout all type of maxim while commissive can be used to flout maxim of quantity and maxim of relation. The last, directory can be used to flout maxim of quantity and maxim of relation.

Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Dalam Novel Cinta Suci Zahrana Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy

The two topics covered in this study are: (1) the usage of diverse expressive speech actions in Habiburrahman El Shirazy's Cinta Suci Zahrana novel and (2) the speech act techniques employed in the novel. The novel Cinta Suci Zahrana by Habiburrahman El Shirazy's expressive utterances served as the study's source of data. It uses qualitative data. The data collection techniques in this study were: (1) recognizing and analyzing the context of the discussion that includes expressive speech acts in the book Cinta Suci Zahrana by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, (2) determining the intent and purpose of the utterances conveyed by speakers according to the speech situation, (3) comprehending and evaluating the speech patterns utilized by the characters in the book Cinta Suci Zahrana by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, (4) Making a list of the expressive speech acts utilized by the characters in Habiburrahman El Shirazy's Cinta Suci Zahrana. Additionally, the following steps were taken in the analysis of the data in this study: (1) identify data on the variety of expressive speech acts and speech strategies obtained, (2) classify the data based on research objectives, and (3) linking the data analyzed with the theory used in research. This study came to two conclusions. In the book Cinta Suci Zahrana, there are six different categories of expressive speaking acts. Second, Habiburrahman El Shirazy's Cinta Suci Zahrana employs five speech-acting techniques.

Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Deddy Corbuzier dalam Video Podcast di Youtube

The purpose of this research is to (1) describe the forms of expressive speech acts used by Deddy Corbuzier in video podcasts on Youtube. (2) describe the form of speech strategy used by Deddy Corbuzier in video podcasts on Youtube. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The research data is in the form of utterances that contain expressive speech acts in video podcasts on Youtube used by Deddy Corbuzier, while the data source for this research is Deddy Corbuzier's video podcast which presents government officials as resource persons. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that Deddy Corbuzier dominantly used expressive speech acts to criticize, because the video podcasts studied were video podcasts that presented government officials as resource persons, indicating that many criticisms were conveyed by Deddy Corbuzier to government officials as citizens. Meanwhile, the strategy of speaking frankly without further ado is dominant because the strategy of speaking frankly without further ado is a speaking strategy in which the speech is told as it is without preamble in its delivery.

TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM TALKSHOW MATA NAJWA PADA MEDIA SOSIAL YOUTUBE EDISI JULI-SEPTEMBER 2022

Illocutional Actions in Mata Najwa Talkshow on Youtube Social Media, July–September 2022 Edition. A speech act is a speech behavior that will affect the effectiveness of communication. The purpose of this study was to describe the illocutionary speech acts contained in the video talkshow Mata Najwa on the July–September 2022 edition of YouTube social media. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with content analysis. The source of the data used in this study was the video talk show Mata Najwa on the social media site Youtube. The data for this study is in the form of illocutionary speech acts contained in the video talk show using Austin's theory. The results of the data found were 3 assertive speech acts, 9 directive speech acts, 2 declarative speech acts, 3 commissive speech acts, and 7 expressive speech acts. The results of this study can be used as a medium for learning to speak Indonesian. For example, in story reading material as well as news reading material.

السجع في الأفعال الكلامية الإنجازية فى مسلسل كرتون محسن و محاسن لتأليف قناة يوتوب جمعية نمآء الخيرية (الدراسة براغماتية لجون رابيرت سيرلى)

This study discusses the types and functions of illocutionary speech acts in the cartoon series Muhsin wa Mahasin. The purpose of this study is to describe the types and functions of illocutionary speech acts contained in the cartoon series Muhsin wa Mahasin. The research method used in this research is qualitative with literature study. The data collection technique used in this research is the listening method, the data collection technique using reference materials and the data analysis technique using the equivalent method which is supported by the SPEAKING speech component. The results of the analysis in this study are that in assertive speech acts the researcher finds speeches stating with affirmation, expressing with anxiety and complaining to get help. In directive speech acts, the researcher finds utterances of suggesting, commanding, pleading and advising. In commissive speech acts, the researcher finds utterances in the form of promises and refusals. And in expressive speech acts the researcher found utterances in the form of thanking, apologizing, praising, worried and surprised. The function of speech acts that the researchers found is a competitive function in which there is an utterance that functions to command and ask the speech partner, in the convival function the researcher finds speech with a polite and friendly attitude, namely an utterance that functions to thank, congratulate and greet, collaborative function The researcher found utterances with the intention of working together, namely utterances which functioned to express and conflictive functions.

ReCANVo: A database of real-world communicative and affective nonverbal vocalizations

Nonverbal vocalizations, such as sighs, grunts, and yells, are informative expressions within typical verbal speech. Likewise, individuals who produce 0–10 spoken words or word approximations (“minimally speaking” individuals) convey rich affective and communicative information through nonverbal vocalizations even without verbal speech. Yet, despite their rich content, little to no data exists on the vocal expressions of this population. Here, we present ReCANVo: Real-World Communicative and Affective Nonverbal Vocalizations - a novel dataset of non-speech vocalizations labeled by function from minimally speaking individuals. The ReCANVo database contains over 7000 vocalizations spanning communicative and affective functions from eight minimally speaking individuals, along with communication profiles for each participant. Vocalizations were recorded in real-world settings and labeled in real-time by a close family member who knew the communicator well and had access to contextual information while labeling. ReCANVo is a novel database of nonverbal vocalizations from minimally speaking individuals, the largest available dataset of nonverbal vocalizations, and one of the only affective speech datasets collected amidst daily life across contexts.

Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Penderita Down Syndrome Latih (Studi Kasus Syarifah Di SLB Negeri 1 Alahan Panjang)


 
 
 
 This study aims to describe the forms of expressive speech acts of people with Down syndrome. The type of research conducted in this research is qualitative. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. This research was conducted at SLB Negeri 1 Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti sub-district, Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province. This research is focused on Syarifah's speech acts in SLB Negeri 1 Alahan Panjang. The main informant in this study is Syarifah because she is a patient with Down syndrome. The data collection technique uses the proficient method. The data validation technique uses triangulation. Data analysis techniques Data analysis using the Miles and Huberman (2014) model consists of data reduction, presentation of informal data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are five analyzes of expressive speech acts, including: 1) thanking, 2) congratulating, 3) forgiving, 4) blaming, and 5) praising.
 
 
 

Verbal Abuse by Netizens on Social Media Against A Youtuber’s Childfree Decision Statement Named Gita Savitri

Verbal abuse is violence that hurts the other person verbally by saying harsh utterances that can impact the victim's psychologist. Social media is widely used to ease users communicating with others freely; this kind of platform found many utterances contain verbal abuse. This study aims to categorize and explain the types of verbal abuse directed against influencers as well as a YouTuber named Gita Savitri, who is committed to being childfree. The subjects in this study were words that contained elements of verbal abuse in the form of responses to comments or posts on social media, Twitter and Instagram towards Gita Savitri. The data were obtained using the observation method by observing verbal abuse utterances directed to Gita Savitri's childfree statement gathered from Twitter and Instagram. In this study, a qualitative research methodology was adopted, and the research phase included discourse observation, data collection, data filtering, and data analysis. The researchers found that verbal abuse utterances in this study contain various four types, namely direct verbal abuse, indirect verbal abuse, repressive verbal abuse, and alienative verbal abuse. The data obtained in this research showed as many as 82 data verbal abuse found on Twitter posts and Gita Savitri's Instagram comment section. From 82 data obtained, the researchers classified into 49 direct verbal abuse data, 24 indirect verbal abuse data, five repressive verbal abuse data, and four alienative verbal abuse data.

Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels

Current articulatory-based three-dimensional source–filter models, which allow the production of vowels and diphtongs, still present very limited expressiveness. Glottal inverse filtering (GIF) techniques can become instrumental to identify specific characteristics of both the glottal source signal and the vocal tract transfer function to resemble expressive speech. Several GIF methods have been proposed in the literature; however, their comparison becomes difficult due to the lack of common and exhaustive experimental settings. In this work, first, a two-phase analysis methodology for the comparison of GIF techniques based on a reference dataset is introduced. Next, state-of-the-art GIF techniques based on iterative adaptive inverse filtering (IAIF) and quasi closed phase (QCP) approaches are thoroughly evaluated on OPENGLOT, an open database specifically designed to evaluate GIF, computing well-established GIF error measures after extending male vowels with their female counterparts. The results show that GIF methods obtain better results on male vowels. The QCP-based techniques significantly outperform IAIF-based methods for almost all error metrics and scenarios and are, at the same time, more stable across sex, phonation type, F0, and vowels. The IAIF variants improve the original technique for most error metrics on male vowels, while QCP with spectral tilt compensation achieves a lower spectral tilt error for male vowels than the original QCP.

Be a good speaker in livestream shopping: A speech act theory perspective

In livestreaming, the streamers (online sellers) are the core actors who promote deals through their speech. Thus far, how the speech of streamers determines customers’ purchase intention remains unknown. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to explain the relationship between streamers’ speech acts and customers’ purchase intention, based on speech act theory. We tested the hypotheses using data from an experiment (N = 455) and found that speech acts have significant effects on consumer interest, word of mouth (WOM), desire, and purchase intention. Consumer interest, WOM, and desire fully mediate the effect of streamers’ speech acts on purchase intention. Specifically, we show that compared with expressive and commissive speech acts, directive, assertive, and declarative speech acts lead to higher customer interest, WOM, and desire for the product, which in turn lead to a higher customer purchase intention. Our results suggest that streamers and platforms can increase consumer purchase intention by guiding streamers’ speech acts.

Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech: Human Rights Standards and Their Application in Poland and Slovenia

Even though hate speech is an extreme form of intolerance, which contributes to hate crime, the assessment of this particular behavior and its expressions is often problematic, because hate speech is difficult to define and even more difficult to investigate and punish. In the present article, the authors analyze the development of human rights standards (in particular as interpreted in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights) regarding freedom of expression and hate speech and look at their application in Poland and Slovenia through a comparative analysis of Polish and Slovenian law and practice. We noticed that challenges with fulfilling international obligations to adequately respond to and fight hate speech can be observed and that some room for improvement on the level of lawmaking, policymaking, and their effective implementation is present. The most evident challenge remains in the low rates of prosecution of hate crimes recorded by the police, which need to be addressed by both States. In Slovenia, some positive systemic and regulatory changes have recently been introduced, while in Poland there has been little progress and not all victims of hate speech are adequately protected by law. The authors suggest a focus on educating individuals about the harmful consequences of hate speech and acts, adapting legislation to appropriately punish individuals who spread hate speech, raising awareness and understanding of the rhetoric used in the public sphere, and increasing media support for the aforementioned awareness, keeping in mind that solutions on how to appropriately address or prevent hate speech are by no means simple or straightforward.

Dehumanisasi ujaran kebencian dalam penggunaan kata ‘lu’ pada komentar Instagram Rachel Vennya

The purpose of this study is to determine the discursive representation of the word 'lu' in the speech written on Rachel Vennya's Instagram comments that have the potential to express hatred using the synergy of linguistic corpus methodology and to identify illocutionary speech acts using Searle's pragmatic theory. This study is a qualitative study in which researchers serve as research tools. The research data collocates with the word 'lu' processed using the Sketch Engine Tool. The hate speech corpus was compiled from Rachel Vennya's Instagram comments from 2020 to 2022. The Instagram Comments Scraper tool was used to capture these comments. The total number of utterances is 4,865, with 22,986 words. The word 'lu' appears in 88 different speech patterns in Instagram comments. The collocation analysis also reveals differences in the proclivity to utilize terms in R1 and L1. Apart from 'dakjal' vs 'setan' and 'kya' vs 'kek,' there was also a proclivity to use other words with similar meanings. One example is the colloquial R1 for the word 'anjing' in the (n+lu) pattern. Then, at 48%, directive speech acts dominated the rise of hate speech, followed by expressive speech acts at 33% and assertive speech acts at 19%.

Long-term follow-up and novel variant in Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome: Expanding the genotypic and clinical spectrum of a rare neurodevelopmental disorder

Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome (SULEHS, OMIM #618950) is an autosomal recessive multisystem developmental disorder characterized by distinctive facial appearance, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, poor expressive speech and happy demeanor. SULEHS is an ultra-rare disorder associated with biallelic loss-of-function variants of the TASP1 gene, and up-to-date, seven patients from five families have been reported in the literature. Loss of TASP1 function has been reported to alter H3K4 histone modifications and expression of TFIIA and HOX transcription factors in the SULEHS phenotype. In this report, a new patient molecularly diagnosed with SULEHS by a novel homozygous c.404-2A > G variant in the TASP1 gene is presented with the long-term follow-up. Although the majority of the patient's clinical characteristics were similar to those of previously reported SULEHS patients, this study was the first to describe some additional anomalies, such as cystic hygroma, increased nuchal thickness, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary sequestration anomaly, chronic constipation, encephalomalacia, and aggressive behavior. Because of the remarkable similarities between the clinical features of Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS) and the patient, BRWS was considered the most likely diagnosis before the molecular diagnosis. Network analysis also supported that the interaction of the SULEHS-associated TASP1 gene with the BRWS-associated ACTB and ACTG1 genes through common intermediate molecules. Overall, despite the existence of differences in clinical features, inheritance patterns, and underlying pathophysiology between BRWS and SULEHS, both diseases could be considered in the differential diagnosis due to the high clinical similarities, including the dysmorphic features, growth parameters, neurodevelopmental phenotype, neurological problems, and multisystem involvement. Additionally, this report could contribute to a better understanding of the genotypic and clinical features of SULEHS by describing a novel pathogenic variant and new clinical features, such as prenatal manifestations.